The invention discloses a road condition self-adaptation system of a crane and the crane. The road condition self-adaptation system of the crane comprises a road condition parameter acquisition module, a driving mode analysis module and a driving mode control module, wherein the road condition parameter acquisition module is used for acquiring driving state parameters in real time, and sending the driving state parameters to the driving mode analysis module; the driving mode analysis module is used for judging the road condition in which the crane is located according to the driving state parameters and determining a driving mode, and sending a control parameter which corresponds to the driving mode to the driving mode control module; the driving mode control module is used for adjusting the driving state of the crane according to the control parameter. According to the road condition self-adaptation system of the crane and the crane disclosed by the invention, the road condition can be identified, and the driving mode is automatically determined or is manually determined by a driver; the corresponding driving cycle of a crane is adjusted, and thus, the bad working condition of the crane can be completely met; the safety, the economical efficiency and the comfort of crane driving can be improved; moreover, the cost is low, and installation and debugging are simple.