The invention provides a full-duplex and half-duplex mixed relay implementing method based on diversity gain. The method comprises steps as follows: step 1, estimating channel state information; step 2, selecting a transceiving mode of an antenna; step 3, calculating signal-to-interference and noise ratios of different links according to obtained parameters; step 4, calculating a signal-to-interference and noise ratio under an amplify-and-forward protocol and a decode-and-forward protocol in a full-duplex mode; step 5, calculating system capacity in the full-duplex mode; step 6, calculating link signal-to-interference and noise ratios in a half-duplex mode according to the channel state information obtained through estimation; step 7, calculating system signal-to-interference and noise ratio under the amplify-and-forward protocol and the decode-and-forward protocol in the half-duplex mode; step 8, calculating reachable capacity in the half-duplex mode; step 9, selecting an optimal working mode according to instantaneous spectrum effectiveness. According to the method, all hardware resources can be utilized, and performance is improved, that is, maximization of a transmission rate from a source node to a target node is realized.