2646results about How to "Increase loss" patented technology

A light-emitting device includes a group III nitride semiconductor layer of a multilayer structure consisting of a group III nitride semiconductor having a major surface defined by a nonpolar plane or a semipolar plane and having at least an n-type layer and a p-type layer. A surface of the group III nitride semiconductor layer on a light extraction side is a mirror surface. The light-emitting device may further include a transparent electrode in contact with the surface of the group III nitride semiconductor layer on the light extraction side. In this case, a surface of the transparent electrode on the light extraction side is preferably a mirror surface.

Apparatus and methods for controlled splitting and isolation of signals in a radio frequency network. In one embodiment, the network comprises a cable television network, and the apparatus comprises a signal splitter having controlled isolation loss at its output ports in at least one frequency band, thereby enabling communications between terminal devices at the subscriber premises that would otherwise be isolated by high losses typical of prior art splitters. The splitter apparatus can also be utilized with a filter/reflector circuit that advantageously provides maximal downstream frequency spectrum bandwidth while suitably reflecting the aforementioned communications to maintain them within the subscriber-side network without interference.

Methods and apparatus for quantum key distribution are described, in particular including methods and networks 300 arranged to improve and/or ensure the security of data transmitted thereby by (i) ensuring a certain level of loss within at least part of the network, (ii) placing a penultimate and an endpoint nodes in situated in a secure second enclave, (iii) analysing a transmitted bit stream to ensure that it does not provide an unacceptable amount of information about the key that may be generated therefrom, and/or (iv) varying the order in which bits are used to generate a key.

A protection operation control part switches a gate signal interruption switch for protection of power elements to a gate signal interruption side, and invalidates a switching signal from a hybrid control unit to place transistors into a nonconducting operation. A motor current signal from a motor current detector is converted into a current value by a motor current calculation unit, and is inputted to a short-circuit abnormality detection unit through a motor control arithmetic part, and a short-circuit abnormality is detected. At a time of detecting the short-circuit abnormality, an internal combustion engine operation instruction unit gives an instruction to an internal combustion engine control unit so as to limit output of an internal combustion engine, and releases a conduction state of an abnormal motor current.

The present invention provides a magnetic powder core, composite powder used for the magnetic powder core, and a production method for the both. The composite powder is blended and formed by powder A and powder B, the content of which comprises 50-96wt percent of the powder A and 4-50wt percent of the powder B; wherein, the powder A is one out of iron powder, Fe-Si powder, Fe-Si-Al powder, Fe-based nanometer crystal powder, Fe-base amorphous powder, Fe-Ni powder and Fe-Ni-Mo powder; the powder B has different demand characteristics compared with the powder A and is selected from at least one out of iron powder, Fe-Si powder, Fe-Si-Al powder, Fe-based nanometer crystal powder, Fe-based amorphous powder, Fe-Ni powder and Fe-Ni-Mo powder. The powder B can be Fe-based soft magnetic amorphous powder as the insulating agent, which can reduce the wastage of magnetic powder core and make up for the declining magnetic conductivity of magnetic powder core caused by the traditional insulating agent. The excellent of soft magnetic properties of the insulating agent is utilized to improve frequency features of the magnetic powder core.

The invention relates to a leakage source detecting device based on infrared thermal imaging processing, and the leakage source detecting device comprises an infrared thermal imaging camera and a microprocessor, wherein the microprocessor is used for analyzing, processing and judging damage conditions, leakage points, leakage zones and leakage degrees of walls of buildings or containers according to the thermal images, shot by infrared thermal imaging camera, of the walls or containers and relative input information, and the infrared thermal imaging camera is used for scanning a preprocessed detected object so as to obtain the temperature distribution information of the surfaces of the walls or the containers. The software of the microprocessor mainly comprises an infrared thermal imaging acquiring unit, an infrared thermal imaging preprocessing unit and a leakage quantitative detecting unit, and the software of the microprocessor analyzes the temperature field to the object to be detected through a digital image processing technology to judge whether the object to be detected has the defect of leakage or not. The leakage source detecting device provided by the invention can be used for not only rapidly detecting the existing of the leakage defect, but can also accurately detecting the leakage zone and degree and the influence scope. The leakage source detecting device provided by the invention provides an assessment method for leakage defects.

The present invention relates to a centralized and networked protection system and method of regional distribution network, and belongs to the field of electrical system automation and relay protection. The protection system includes at least two centralized protection devices, an intelligent terminal and a communication network module, the centralized protection devices being communication with the intelligent terminal via the communication network module, the intelligent terminal being configured along with switching devices to distribute in each line section, for sampling data, backup protection and executing of tripping and closing commands, the centralized protection devices configured in the monitoring center of the regional distribution network, for generating differential protection elements based on the information sampled by the intelligent terminal and the topologic structure of the regional distribution network; and for determining the region where fault occurs and sending tripping and closing control commands.

The present invention deals with optical systems for providing short laser pulses. An object of the invention is to provide an optical system providing compact and cost-effective short laser-pulses using fibers with anomalous dispersion and high non-linear thresholds. The object is achieved by a short pulse optical system for generating or processing short laser-pulses, said optical system comprises an optical fiber in the form of a photonic crystal fiber arranged to provide guidance of light in the core region due to the photonic bandgap effect (PBG), where light propagates in a hollow or solid core surrounded by a Silica cladding comprising a substantially periodic distribution of micro-structural elements, and where the refractive index of the core is lower than the effective refractive index of the cladding. The invention may be useful in applications such as laser-based micromachining, thin-film formation, laser cleaning, in medicine and biology.

Described are recombinant yeast which ferment xylose to ethanol and which maintain their ability to do so when cultured for numerous generations in non-selective media. The preferred yeast contain multiple copies of integrated genes encoding xylose reductase, xylitol dehydrogenase, and xylulokinase fused to promoters which are non-glucose inhibited and which do not require xylose for induction. Also described are preferred methods for integrating multiple copies of exogenous DNA into host cells by transforming cells with replicative/integrative vectors, and then replicating the cells a number of times under selective pressure to promote retention of the vector in subsequent generations. The replicated vectors thus serve to integrate multiple copies of the exogenous DNA into the host cells throughout the replication/selection phase. Thereafter the selective pressure can be removed to promote loss of the vector in subsequent generations, leaving stable integrants of the exogenous DNA.

The invention discloses a plastic retaining type polyether assemblage carboxylic acid high-performance water reducing agent and a preparation method thereof, mainly being applicable to the field of building materials. The water reducing agent is obtained in the following method: with the action of initiating agent, copolymerizing unsaturated polyalkyl ether monomer (A), unsaturated monocarboxylic acid and derivative monomer thereof (B), unsaturated dicarboxylic acid and derivative monomer thereof (C) and unsaturated sulfonic acid or salt monomer (D) in water solution for 2-8h at 50-80 DEG C and then reducing temperature to 35-45 DEG C, using alkaline solution to neutralize the mixture to a pH value of 5-7, thus obtaining the water reducing agent. The synthesized water reducing agent of the invention features changeable molecular structure, high water reducing ratio, high dispersion property under low dosage and fine slumps-retaining property, good adaptability to concrete raw material; in addition concrete with the water reducing agent added enjoys good peaceability; with the one-step method synthesis technology employed, the preparation method has the advantages of simple operation, low energy consumption in production and freedom from pollution.

The invention discloses a method for producing a biocarbon-based slow-release nitrogen fertilizer, which is characterized by comprising the following steps: thermal cracking or gasifying corn straw, or apple tree waste branch, trunk and wood chip to obtain the biocarbon; mixing the biocarbon and an ammonium nitrate solution, or urea and the ammonium nitrate solution, fully stirring and drying, or adding a binder with 1-3% of total amount and sending to a granulation system for granulation, then drying to obtain the biocarbon-based slow-release nitrogen fertilizer product. The fertilizer has the advantages of simple and easy preparation technology, and low cost. The biocarbon-based slow-release nitrogen fertilizer contains 10-12% of nitrogen, the biocarbon carrier material is stable in soil, and is a good soil amendment and a carbon sequestration agent, soil is applied for improving soil fertilization, the nitrogen element of the nitrogenous fertilizer loaded by the biocarbon has slow-release effect, so that the loss of the nitrogen element can be reduced, the nitrogenous fertilizer utilization rate can be enhanced; the biocarbon can retain in soil for long-term to play the effects of carbon sequestration and carbon emission reduction, the biocarbon is helpful for alleviating climate warming, and biocarbon-based slow-release nitrogen fertilizer is a green fertilizer.

A directional coupler with a high coupling per unit area and small variations in characteristic at manufacturing capable of achieving a high directivity easily and an RF circuit module provided with the directional coupler are achieved. A main-line is provided on a front surface of a multi-layer substrate, a ground plane is provided on a back surface of the multi-layer substrate. On an inner layer immediately under the main-line, two lines in parallel with the main-line are provided, and one line is provided on a layer closer to the ground plane than the two lines. By connecting the two lines and the one line with vias, a sub-line with a shape of a winding of a loop is formed. In the sub-line, a main component of a vector vertically penetrating the loop is horizontal with respect to the ground plane.

The invention discloses a microcapsule essence perfume for cigarettes as well as a preparation method of the microcapsule essence perfume. The microcapsule essence perfume contains the following raw materials in parts by weight: 1-3 parts of essence, 0.05-0.2 part of glycerinum or/and propylene glycol, 1-5 parts of wall materials and 0.01-0.03 part of emulsifier. The preparation method comprises the steps of: mixing essence, glycerinum or/and propylene glycol to obtain a mixture, evenly stirring the mixture, adding 95% ethanol with 1-10 times weight of the mixture, and mixing and evenly mixing to obtain a mixed solution; adding wall materials and emulsifier in the mixed solution and stirring for homogenization; and sealing, standing for 1-2 hours at normal temperature, refrigerating for 15-60 minutes at the temperature of minus 20 DEG C to minus 80 DEG C, drying for 8-24 hours at the vacuum degree of 30-80MPa and the temperature of 40-80 DEG C, grinding dried products, sieving the ground products to prepare microcapsule particles, thereby obtaining the microcapsule essence perfume for cigarettes. The perfume for cigarettes is made to microcapsules, so that perfume is free from being affected by external factors, and loss and fragrance distortion caused by volatile components in the perfume for cigarettes are effectively reduced.

The present invention provides methods of augmenting B cell depletion by promoting intravascular access of B cell subsets sequestered in lymphoid tissues rendering the B cells sensitive to killing mediated by the B cell depleting agent. One method of promoting intravascular access is by the use of integrin antagonists. Methods of treating B cell disorders by this approach is also provided.

Improvements in and relating to electronic pulse generation or oscillation circuitry based on a signal path exhibiting endless electromagnetic continuity and affording signal phase inversion in setting pulse duration or half-cycles of oscillation within time of signal traverse of said signal path, and having active switching means associated with said signal path to set rise and fall times of each said pulse or said half-cycle of oscillation, including for frequency adjustment by selective inductance and power saving without stopping pulse generation or oscillation.

An apparatus for controlling the state variable of an integrator stage in a modulator including a detector circuit for generating an overload signal when the modulator is overdriven, a control circuit responsive to the overload signal for generating switching control signals during the overdriven condition, and an integrating capacitance circuit having an unswitched portion and a switched portion and responsive to the switching signals for repeatedly connecting the switched portion between the unswitched portion and a discharge path to receive and drain charge when the modulator is overdriven to increase the lossiness of the integrator stage and control a state variable of the modulator.

A process and an arrangement are described by means of which a plurality of ray bundles emitted from individual radiation sources are combined with the aid of an imaging optics system. The individual radiation sources are in this connection arranged on at least one curve surrounding the optical axis of the imaging optics system. The individual ray bundles are substantially linearly polarised. The bundles are reflected on their path to the superimposition point at least at a surface whose reflection capability is polarisation-dependent. The polarisation direction of the ray bundles coming from the individual radiation sources is in this connection aligned so that the first reflection at the surface takes place with low loss, whereas a possible second reflection after previous reflection at the workpiece takes place with high loss. In this way the individual radiation sources are protected against damaging back-reflections.

A process for recovering the copper, Ni and noble metals from the sewage and dregs by the combination of wet method and fire method includes the wet process including extracting, Cu-Ni separation, removing Fe, extracting, and refining nickel carbonate, and the fire process including sintering and smelting to produce nickel matte and black copper. Its advantages are high recovery rate of Ni, Cu, Au, Ag and Pd, and no secondary pollution.