153 results about "Excess hydrogen" patented technology

Hydrogen is produced from solid or liquid carbon-containing fuels in a two-step process. The fuel is gasified with hydrogen in a hydrogenation reaction to produce a methane-rich gaseous reaction product, which is then reacted with water and calcium oxide in a hydrogen production and carbonation reaction to produce hydrogen and calcium carbonate. The calcium carbonate may be continuously removed from the hydrogen production and carbonation reaction zone and calcined to regenerate calcium oxide, which may be reintroduced into the hydrogen production and carbonation reaction zone. Hydrogen produced in the hydrogen production and carbonation reaction is more than sufficient both to provide the energy necessary for the calcination reaction and also to sustain the hydrogenation of the coal in the gasification reaction. The excess hydrogen is available for energy production or other purposes. Substantially all of the carbon introduced as fuel ultimately emerges from the invention process in a stream of substantially pure carbon dioxide. The water necessary for the hydrogen production and carbonation reaction may be introduced into both the gasification and hydrogen production and carbonation reactions, and allocated so as transfer the exothermic heat of reaction of the gasification reaction to the endothermic hydrogen production and carbonation reaction.

The present invention relates to a process for producing high purity lithium hydroxide monohydrate, comprising following steps: concentrating a lithium containing brine; purifying the brine to remove or to reduce the concentrations of ions other than lithium; adjusting the pH of the brine to about 10.5 to 11 to further remove cations other than lithium, if necessary; neutralizing the brine with acid; purifying the brine to reduce the total concentration of calcium and magnesium to less than 150 ppb via ion exchange; electrolyzing the brine to generate a lithium hydroxide solution containing less than 150 ppb total calcium and magnesium, with chlorine and hydrogen gas as byproducts; producing hydrochloric acid via combustion of the chlorine gas with excess hydrogen and subsequent scrubbing of the resultant gas stream with purified water, if elected to do so; and concentrating and crystallizing the lithium hydroxide solution to produce lithium hydroxide monohydrate crystals.

This invention is directed to a process scheme in which a partial conversion hydrocracking (HCR) unit, preferably preceded by a hydrotreating unit, feeds unconverted oil to a FCC (fluid catalytic cracking ) unit. Most refineries run the FCC unit at the full capacity for optimal asset utilization. During shutdowns of Residue Desulfurization unit(s) which feed an FCC unit, it is desirable to reduce the conversion in the FCC feed hydrocracker. In this way, the feed to FCC unit is maximized. Jet and Diesel products that conform to specifications may be produced during low conversion HCR operation. Furthermore, undesirable over-saturation of the unconverted oil (UCO) from the HCR unit feeding the FCC unit can be avoided. Excess hydrogen consumption can also be avoided. Normally, further aromatic saturation of the middle distillate products from a low conversion HCR is achieved in a separate, post treatment, unit.

A low temperature method and system configuration for depositing a doped silicon layer on a silicon substrate of a selected grade. The silicon substrate for functioning as a light absorber and the doped silicon layer for functioning as an emitter. The method comprises the acts of: positioning the silicon substrate in a chamber suitable for chemical vapour deposition of the doped silicon layer on the silicon substrate, an external surface of the silicon substrate suitable for promoting crystalline film growth; using a plurality of process parameters for adjusting growth of the doped silicon layer, the plurality of process parameters including a first process parameter of a process temperature for inhibiting diffusion of dopant atoms into the external surface of the silicon substrate, and a second process parameter of a hydrogen dilution level for providing excess hydrogen atoms to affect a layer crystallinity of the atomic structure of the doped silicon layer; exposing the external surface of the silicon substrate in the chamber to a vapour at appropriate ambient chemical vapour deposition conditions, the vapour including silicon atoms, dopant atoms and the excess hydrogen atoms, the atoms for use in growing the doped silicon layer; and originating growth of the doped silicon layer on the external surface to form an interface between the doped silicon layer and the silicon substrate, such that the doped silicon layer includes first atomic structural regions having a higher quality of the layer crystallinity next to the interface with adjacent second atomic structural regions having a lower quality of the layer crystallinity with increasing concentrations of crystal defects for increasing thickness of the doped silicon layer from the interface. The resultant silicon substrate and doped layer (or thin film) can be used in solar cell manufacturing.

A personal refueling station for a personal-sized electric vehicle has a polygonal base structure housing a refueling system and a plurality of flat panels hinged thereto which open to form a flat surface and close up to an upright pyramid for storage. The flat panels have solar PV arrays mounted on their inside surfaces which generate electricity from sunlight in the open position. The electricity is used to generate hydrogen for hydrogen-fuel-cell vehicles, or is stored for recharging non-hydrogen electric vehicles. Alternatively, hydrogen or electricity may be provided from an external renewable power source. The station can also have utility hookups to provide excess hydrogen or electricity to an external energy usage, such as a home, business, or other station. The personal refueling station has a compact design that can be installed at home or business locations. It is designed to accommodate a personal-use electric vehicle such as an electric car or cart or a personal VTOL hovercraft. It can be used in a stationary location or transported for remote use, as well as operated by remote control.

A fuel cell system comprises a reformer (8) which produces reformate gas containing hydrogen using gas containing oxygen and raw material vapor, and a fuel cell (9) which generates power by reacting hydrogen in the reformate gas with oxygen. A controller (21) determines whether or not excess hydrogen has been produced by the reformer (8), and when it is determined that excess hydrogen was produced, burns the excess hydrogen to keep the reformer (8) warm.

The invention discloses a method for coproducing methanol, natural gas for vehicles, and synthetic ammonia by using the hydrocarbon-rich industrial tail gas. The method is characterized in that the purified mixed raw material gas, namely a mixture of coke oven gas and carbide furnace gas, passes through a methanol synthesizer, a methanator, a pressure swing absorption and separation device and an ammonia synthesis reactor in sequence, to firstly separate the methanol; the separated methane can be used as the natural gas for vehicles; ammonia synthesis can be performed to the separated hydrogen gas and nitrogen; and pure hydrogen can be obtained by the excess hydrogen gas through pressure swing absorption after the ammonia synthesis is performed. Compared with prior art, the method has the advantages that the CH4 conversion is avoided, the CO transformation is avoided, and the air separation device is not provided. Therefore, the complexity of process is reduced, the useful component of the gas and the useful energy source can be comprehensively utilized in a cascade way, the raw material gas, the energy consumption, and the discharge amount of the carbon dioxide are all reduced, and the method develops a new way for the comprehensive utilization of the hydrocarbon-rich industrial tail gas of coke oven gas, carbide furnace gas, etc.

A method for manufacturing the memory device by plasma decomposition of sulfur dioxide. A first copper electrode having a surface is provided. The surface of the first copper electrode may be made amorphous. A copper sulfide layer, Cu_xS, where 1≦x≦2, is disposed on the copper surface by decomposing sulfur dioxide in an ambient containing excess hydrogen. The copper sulfide layer may be is cuprous sulfide or cupric sulfide. A second copper electrode is coupled to the copper sulfide layer.

The invention provides a harmless processing technology for waste dangerous chemical containing mercury. The technology comprises the following steps: 1) adding waste containing mercury into water and adjusting a pH to less than 2; then adding hydrogen peroxide to converse all organic mercury in a reaction system to Hg<2+>; 2) adjusting a ph of the reaction system to 11-12 and heating to remove excess hydrogen peroxide; 3) adding compound sulfide to converse all Hg<2+> in the reaction system to HgS deposition, and adding ferrous salt to precipitate excess S<2->; 4) adding solidification materials into the depositions and a waste liquid from step 3) and carrying out solidification treatment to obtain a cement solidified body. The technology provided by the invention combines a chemical treatment and a cement solidification technology organically; and a mercury leaching toxicity of the obtained cement solidified body is less than 0.1mg/L to meet relevant national harmlessness standard.

The present invention is a process for removing alkynes and/or dienes from an olefin product stream withdrawn from an oxygenate-to-olefins reactor. The process comprises hydrogenating a first olefin stream that has alkynes and/or dienes in the presence of excess hydrogen and a first hydrogenation catalyst. The hydrogenation of the first olefin stream produces a second olefin stream that has unreacted hydrogen. The second olefin stream is contacted with a second hydrogenation catalyst producing a third olefin stream. The third olefin stream has low levels of hydrogen and alkynes and/or dienes.

Vacuum carburizing of ferrous workpieces is performed at low pressure in a vacuum furnace using an unsaturated aromatic such as benzene as the carburizing medium. The unsaturated aromatic is gas phase hydrogenated into a napthenes, such as cyclohexane, which is metered into the furnace chamber proper and functions as the carburizing gas. The furnace is constructed to be generally transparent to the napthenes so that cracking tends to occur at the workpiece which functions as a catalyst to minimize carbon deposits. The unsaturated aromatic is supplied in liquid form to fuel injectors which inject the liquid aromatic as a vapor at duty cycles and firing orders to produce a uniform dispersion of the hydrocarbon gas about the work resulting in uniform carburizing of the workpieces. An in-situ methane infrared sensor controls the process. Excess hydrogen beyond what is required to hydrogenate the aromatic is added to the furnace chamber to either assure full carbon potential and produce methane or to perform variable carburizing. Hydrogenation occurs in a hydrogenation coil in fluid communication with the furnace chamber with temperature for the reaction set by the position of the hydrogenation coil in the furnace insulation.

A method for making a thin-film semiconductor device includes an annealing step of irradiating an amorphous semiconductor thin film with a laser beam so as to crystallize the amorphous semiconductor thin film. In the annealing step, the semiconductor thin film is continuously irradiated with the laser beam while shifting the position of the semiconductor thin film irradiated with the laser beam at a predetermined velocity so that excess hydrogen can be removed from the region irradiated with the laser beam without evaporating and expanding hydrogen ions in the semiconductor thin film.

The method relates to a Vanadium-Nitrogen alloy digestion method, belonging to the Vanadium-Nitrogen alloy detection field. The Vanadium-Nitrogen alloy digestion method comprises following steps: a) taking out the Vanadium-Nitrogen alloy to be tested from a sealed container; adding nitric acid to react until bubbles is free and the NO2 smoke is generated; b) adding hydrofluoric acid and phosphoric acid separately; then sealing them and using micro wave to clear up; c) adding hydrofluoric acid. The Vanadium-Nitrogen alloy digestion method realizes the digestion in effective, safe, fast and complete way for Vanadium-Nitrogen alloy substrate and all impurity element, and also can detect multiple elements, such as silicon, aluminum, calcium, magnesium, ferrum, chromium, titanium, arsenic, plumbum and the like at the same time according to a combination of modern precision analysis instruments, such as ICP-AES, ICP-MS, AAS and the like, so as to greatly improve the accuracy and precision degree of detection data, work efficiency and has broad market prospect in industrial application.

The invention discloses a tertiary amine oxide with a rosinyl three-membered phenanthrene ring structure and a preparation method of the tertiary amine oxide. The preparation method comprises the following steps of: (1) dissolving, namely mixing tertiary amine, an alcoholic solution or water and catalysts, heating the mixture to 50-60 DEG C, stirring and dissolving the mixture to obtain an alcoholic solution or an aqueous solution of the tertiary amine; (2) oxidizing reaction, namely mixing the alcoholic solution of the tertiary amine and hydrogen peroxide in a mole ratio of the tertiary amine to the hydrogen peroxide 1:(1-1.5), reacting the mixture for 12-25 hours at 65-80 DEG C, then adding disulfate and excess hydrogen peroxide to the mixture for reacting for 0.5-1 hour; and (3) separating and drying, namely steaming reaction products in a spinning manner, and drying the products in vacuum to obtain the tertiary amine oxide with the rosinyl three-membered phenanthrene ring structure. The tertiary amine oxide disclosed by the invention is high in electrolyte resistance and good in defoaming capability, has a good effect in hard water, and has good wetting and emulsifying performance. The preparation method is simple and practicable and is high in yield.

A process for catalytically cracking a hydrocarbon oil containing sulfur and/or nitrogen hydrocarbon constituents by dissolving excess hydrogen in the liquid hydrocarbon feedstock in a mixing zone at a temperature of 420° C. to 500° C. and a hydrogen-to-feedstock oil volumetric ratio of 300:1 to 3000:1, flashing the mixture to remove remaining hydrogen and any light components in the feed, introducing the hydrogen saturated hydrocarbon feed into an FCC reactor for contact with a catalyst suspension in a riser or downflow reactor to produce lower boiling hydrocarbon components which can be more efficiently and economically separated into lower molecular weight hydrocarbon products, hydrogen sulfide and ammonia gas and unreacted hydrogen in a separation zone. Hydrogen present in the liquid phase enhances the desulfurization and denitrification reactions which occur during the conversion process and allows for the removal of significantly more sulfur- and/or nitrogen-containing contaminants from the feedstock in an economical fashion.

The invention discloses a degradation method of kelp sulfated polysaccharide, which is characterized in that the kelp sulfate polysaccharide is firstly extracted and separated from kelp, and then degraded by hydrogen peroxide to obtain low molecular weight kelp sulfate polysaccharide. The method has fast degradation speed, very little reagent consumption, simple process, low cost, easy decomposition and removal of excess hydrogen peroxide, basically unchanged sulfuric acid group and total sugar content, concentrated molecular weight distribution, and controllable molecular weight range. Due to the bleaching effect of hydrogen peroxide, the obtained low molecular weight sulfated polysaccharide sample has a white appearance.

The invention discloses a method for synthesizing succinic acid from maleic acid. The method for synthesizing succinic acid from maleic acid comprises the following steps that 1, a catalyst is added into a fixed bed reactor; 2, hydrogen is fed into the fixed bed reactor so that the pressure is stabilized in a range of 5 to 35atm; the reaction system is heated to a temperature of 50 to 150 DEG C; and a maleic acid or maleate aqueous solution having a mass fraction of 1.0 to 25.0% passes through a catalyst bed layer at an airspeed of 0.01 to 5.00h<-1> and then enters into a liquid gathering tank, wherein in reaction, a feeding rate molar ratio of the hydrogen to the maleic acid or maleate aqueous solution is (3.0 to 15.0): 1; 3, reaction liquid obtained by the step 2 is cooled and filtered to form succinic acid or succinate and filtrate; 4, the obtained succinate is acidized and separated to produce succinic acid; and 5, the filtrate obtained by the step 3 is mixed with maleic acid and the excess hydrogen is recovered and recycled. The method for synthesizing succinic acid from maleic acid has the advantages of mild conditions, low cost and high product purity.

The invention relates to an excess hydrogen sterilization washing machine and belongs to the technical field of washing machines. The washing machine comprises a washing machine cylinder body. At least one electrolysis unit is arranged in the washing machine cylinder body. The electrolysis unit comprises a shell body which is provided with a water inlet and a water outlet respectively. At least one pair of a cathode and an anode is arranged in the shell body. A water permeable multi-hole membrane is clamped between the anode and the cathode without any gap. The area of the side face, opposite to the anode or the cathode, of the water permeable multi-hole membrane is smaller than the area of the side face, opposite to the water permeable multi-hole membrane, of the cathode or the anode. The washing machine can generate washing water which contains a large number of ultra-micro air bubbles and strong oxidation factors and has great reducibility, and accordingly the excess hydrogen sterilization washing machine is suitable for washing of clothes of women (especially pregnant women) and infants.

The invention relates to an excess hydrogen sterilization washing machine and belongs to the technical field of washing machines. The washing machine comprises a washing machine cylinder body and an electrolysis power supply. At least one electrolysis unit is arranged in the washing machine cylinder body. The electrolysis unit comprises at least one pair of a cathode and an anode. The electrolysis power supply is used for providing power for the cathode and the anode. A water permeable membrane is arranged between the anode and the cathode which are paired. Water permeable hole diameters of the water permeable membrane are smaller than or equal to 2 mm and are larger than or equal to 1 mm. The washing machine can generate washing water which contains a large number of ultra-micro air bubbles and strong oxidation factors and has great reducibility, and accordingly the excess hydrogen sterilization washing machine is suitable for washing of clothes of women (especially pregnant women) and infants.

The invention discloses a method for measuring starch content of an oceanic microalgae cell. In allusion to features of the substance composition of the oceanic microalgae cell, the method comprises the following steps of: firstly, degreasing, decolorizing and desugaring the microalgae cell by using ethanol, petroleum ether and 90% ethanol; secondly, taking a calcium nitrate solution with the concentration of 0.6-0.8g/ml as an extractant for extracting starch in the microalgae cell, and boiling for 15 to 30 minutes to sufficiently extract the starch in the microalgae cell; thirdly, oxidizing residual reducing sugar and residual pigment by using hydrogen peroxide, and boiling to remove the excess hydrogen peroxide; and finally, taking iodine as a color-developing agent, and directly measuring the starch content of the oceanic microalgae through spectrophotometry. Compared with the conventional method for measuring starch content of terrestrial plants, the method has the advantages of simple process, short experimental period, accurate result and good repeatability.

The invention relates to a fuel cell non-powered consumption hydrogen gas circulating method and apparatus. The high pressure hydrogen gas of the hydrogen gas storage enters into the hydrogen gas circulating condenses pump driving end to drive the piston of the hydrogen gas circulating condenses pump to a certain position, then it enters into the buffer bucket and then the fuel cell pile, the excess hydrogen gas and the water generated by the reaction enters into the water-hydrogen separator and then the hydrogen gas circulating condenses pump condenses end, it enters into the buffer bucket after the forcing of the hydrogen gas circulating condenses pump, and then it mixes the hydrogen gas from the hydrogen gas circulating condenses pump driving end. The apparatus comprises a hydrogen gas storing bucket, a hydrogen gas circulating condenses pump, a buffer bucket, a fuel cell pile, and a water-hydrogen separator.

The invention relates to a thiazole type vulcanization accelerator, in particular to a method for producing 2,2'-dibenzothiazolyl disulfide by the nitric acid one-step method, which sequentially comprises the steps of dissolution of 2-mercaptobenzothiazole, acidification and oxidation, and is characterized in that 1) the dissolution is as follows: dissolving the 2-mercaptobenzothiazole into excess NaOH solution, adding activated carbon, carrying out pressure filtration at 65-90 DEG C and obtaining filtrate; 2) the acidification is as follows: adopting 8-12% of dilute nitric acid to regulate the pH of the filtrate in the step 1) to 6-7, and carrying out centrifugation after the acidification for obtaining sodium 2-mercaptobenzothiazole; and 3) the oxidation is as follows: oxidizing the sodium 2-mercaptobenzothiazole into the 2,2'-dibenzothiazolyl disulfide, wherein an oxidant is mixture of excess hydrogen peroxide and isopropyl alcohol, the oxidation temperature is 25-50 DEG C, and the oxidation time is 90-100min. Compared with the prior art, the method is applicable to large industrial production, and the prepared DM has high melting point (above 180 DEG C) and good purity.

The invention provides a new process for producing p-phenylenediamine through a continuous method. The process comprises: taking p-nitroaniline, a solvent and hydrogen as main raw materials, in a fixed bed reactor or shell-and-tube reactor and in the presence of a catalyst, carrying out a hydrogenation reaction to prepare a p-phenylenediamine crude product, performing rectification recycling to the crude product to obtain high-purity p-phenylenediamine, and recycling excess hydrogen and solvent for cyclic application. According to the process, the p-phenylenediamine conversion rate can reach 100%, and the purity of p-phenylenediamine can reach no less than 99.9%. The process is green, eco-friendly and new.