The invention discloses a method for efficient separation of camptothecin and 10-hydroxycamptothecin by a core-shell SiO2@rosin-based polymer chromatographic column. The method includes: taking methacrylic acid or methyl methacrylate as the monomer, adopting maleopimaric acid ethylene glycol acrylate or acrylpimaric acid ethylene glycol acrylate as the cross-linking agent, fully mixing the substances with a free radical initiator, then coating a silica gel surface with the mixture, and then carrying out free radical polymerization reaction to obtain core-shell SiO2@rosin-based polymer microspheres, which have a particle size distribution of 2-50microm, a pore size distribution of 0.5-15nm and a specific surface area of 150-350m<2>/g; subjecting the core-shell SiO2@rosin-based polymer microspheres to wet packing to prepare a chromatographic column, using the prepared chromatographic column for HPLC separation on camptothecin and 10-hydroxycamptothecin, and setting the detection wavelength at 254nm, the temperature at 30+/-10DEG C and the flow rate at 0.3-1.0mL/min, thus achieving a camptothecin and 10-hydroxycamptothecin separation degree of 2.45-3.47. The method provided by the invention has high separation degree and selectivity on camptothecin and 10-hydroxycamptothecin, and also has the advantages of high sensitivity, simple operation, high speed and efficiency, and environmental friendliness.