75results about "High temperature liquid-gas reaction" patented technology

Foamed polycrystalline silicon having bubbles therein and an apparent density of 2.20 g/cm3 or less. This silicon generates an extremely small amount of fine grains by crushing and can be easily crushed. There is also provided a method of producing foamed polycrystalline silicon. There is further provided a polycrystalline silicon production apparatus in which the deposition and melting of silicon are carried out on the inner surface of a cylindrical vessel, a chlorosilane feed pipe is inserted into the cylindrical vessel to a silicon molten liquid, and seal gas is supplied into a space between the cylindrical vessel and the chlorosilane feed pipe.

Described herein are processes and apparatus for the large-scale synthesis of boron nitride nanotubes (BNNTs) by induction-coupled plasma (ICP). A boron-containing feedstock may be heated by ICP in the presence of nitrogen gas at an elevated pressure, to form vaporized boron. The vaporized boron may be cooled to form boron droplets, such as nanodroplets. Cooling may take place using a condenser, for example. BNNTs may then form downstream and can be harvested.

A molten metal reactor for converting a carbon material and steam into a gas comprising hydrogen, carbon monoxide, and carbon dioxide is disclosed. The reactor includes an interior crucible having a portion contained within an exterior crucible. The interior crucible includes an inlet and an outlet; the outlet leads to the exterior crucible and may comprise a diffuser. The exterior crucible may contain a molten alkaline metal compound. Contained between the exterior crucible and the interior crucible is at least one baffle.

A system for producing hydrogen gas from water decomposition using a thermochemical CuCl cycle, the improvement comprising the use of an insulated hydrogen production reactor comprising a reaction chamber and a separation chamber; the reaction chamber having a hydrogen chloride gas inlet and a solid copper inlet; one or more levels provided in the reaction chamber, the number of which is dependant on production scale and pressure drop; each level comprising a perforated plate with associated filter media, the perforations of the plate and media being of decreasing size from top to bottom of the reaction chamber, and being sized to permit downward flow of the hydrogen gas and molten CuCl products, as well as the HCL gas reactant, and to prevent entrainment of solid copper in the molten CuCl; the separation chamber being located below the reaction chamber and being of greater cross section than the reaction chamber and comprising a first hydrogen removal and entrained copper removal zone and a second molten CuCl removal zone; removal of the reaction products being controlled so as to substantially decrease the amount of entrained copper in the molten CuCl; and the first zone having outlets for removal of hydrogen gas and entrained copper particles, with the second zone having an outlet for removal of molten CuCl.

Methods and systems for removing impurities from a molten salt stream are provided. A molten salt stream is provided that comprises a mixture of compounds selected from the group consisting of LiF, BeF₂, and NaF, and ZrF₄. The molten salt stream is flowed through a loop that may contain a precipitation filter, electrochemical potential, and/or a sparger, which thereby remove impurities in the molten salt stream. Various physical methods and apparatus are used to control the ability to remove impurities from the molten salt stream based on temperature, solubility, and general chemistry control.

A molten metal reactor (10) quickly entrains a feed material in the molten reactant metal (16) and provides the necessary contact between the molten reactant metal and the feed material to effect the desired chemical reduction of the feed material. The reactor (10) includes a unique feed structure (24) adapted to quickly entrain the feed material into the molten reactant metal (16) and then transfer the molten reactant metal, feed material, and initial reaction products into a treatment chamber (12). A majority of the desired reactions occur in the treatment chamber (12). Reaction products and unspent reactant metal are directed from the treatment chamber (12) to an output chamber (14) where reaction products are removed from the reactor. Unspent reactant metal (16) is then transferred to a heating chamber (15) where it is reheated for recycling through the system.

This invention relates to a process and system for cracking hydrocarbon feedstock containing vacuum resid comprising: (a) subjecting a vacuum resid to a first thermal conversion in a thermal conversion reactor (such as delayed coker, fluid coker, Flexicoker™, visbreaker and catalytic hydrovisbreaker) where at least 30 wt % of the vacuum resid is converted to material boiling below 1050° F. (566° C.); (b) introducing said thermally converted resid to a vapor/liquid separator, said separator being integrated into a steam cracking furnace, to form a vapor phase and liquid phase; (c) passing said vapor phase to the radiant furnace in said steam cracking furnace; and (d) recovering at least 30 wt % olefins from the material exiting the radiant furnace (based upon the weight of the total hydrocarbon material exiting the radiant furnace).

The invention relates to a reaction vessel in which hydrogen sulphide is prepared from sulphur and hydrogen, wherein the reaction vessel consists partly or entirely of a material which is resistant to the reaction mixture, its compounds or elements and retains its resistance even at high temperatures.

The reaction rate of hydrocarbon pyrolysis can be increased to produce solid carbon and hydrogen by the use of molten materials which have catalytic functionality to increase the rate of reaction andphysical properties that facilitate the formation and contamination-free separation of the solid carbon. Processes, materials, reactor configurations, and conditions are disclosed whereby methane andother hydrocarbons can be decomposed at high reaction rates into hydrogen gas and carbon products without any carbon oxides in a single reaction step. The process also makes use of specific propertiesof selected materials with unique solubilities and/or wettability of products into (and/or by) the molten phase to facilitate generation of purified products and increased conversion in more generalreactions.

An apparatus for producing metal oxide comprising (a) a water vapor generator for generating a water-vapor containing gas with a desired partial pressure of water vapor; and (b) heating equipment for heating a metal salt of a carboxylic acid, the metal salt of the carboxylic acid being disposed in a sample vessel, to a predetermined temperature in a water-vapor-containing gas which is introduced from said water vapor generator.

A process for high-pressure, liquid phase conversion of urea into melamine is disclosed, where molten urea is fed to a first reaction zone (S1) where the melamine melt is under mechanical agitation, and a heat input (Q1) is provided to maintain the endothermic reaction, and the liquid is then passed to a second reaction zone (S2) kept at a lower temperature and where further agitation is provided. Embodiments of plants adapted to carry out the process are also disclosed, including multiple stirred reactors in cascade and a single reactor with multiple internal compartments defining said first and second reaction zones.

The present disclosure provides devices and systems that utilize concurrent and countercurrent exchange platforms to produce purified silicon.

A reactor (1) has lower reactor region (2) for accommodating sulfur melt (3), non-pressure-bearing caverns (4) for accommodation of product gas mixture which forms in exothermic reaction and contains sulfur, supply device (5,5a) for controlled supply of pressurized gaseous hydrogen per cavern, gas-collecting region (6) for accommodating the product gas mixture, non-pressure-bearing installed device(s) (7) for transfer of the total amount of product gas mixture formed in the lower reactor region to the gas-collecting region and catalyst in the non-pressure-bearing installed device(s). A reactor has lower reactor region for accommodating sulfur melt, non-pressure-bearing caverns for temporary accommodation of product gas mixture which forms in exothermic reaction and comprises hydrogen sulfide, sulfur and hydrogen, at least one supply device for controlled supply of pressurized gaseous hydrogen per cavern, gas-collecting region for accommodating the product gas mixture at elevated temperature and elevated pressure with respect to standard conditions, non-pressure-bearing installed device(s) for continuous transfer of the total amount of product gas mixture formed in the lower reactor region to the gas-collecting region and catalyst in the non-pressure-bearing installed device(s), for reaction of sulfur and hydrogen maintained in the product gas mixture to hydrogen sulfide. An independent claim is included for preparation of hydrogen sulfide.