1564results about "Carbon monoxide" patented technology

Particulate compositions are described comprising an intimate mixture of a biomass char producedfrom the combustion of a biomass, such as switchgrass or hybrid poplar, with at least a second carbonaceous material, such as petroleum coke or coal, and, optionally a gasification catalyst, for gasification in the presence of steam to yield a plurality of gases including methane and at least one or more of hydrogen, carbon monoxide, and other higher hydrocarbons are formed. Processes are also provided for the preparation of the particulate compositions and converting the particulate composition into a plurality of gaseous products.

Particulate compositions are described comprising an intimate mixture of a biomass, such as switchgrass or hybrid poplar, a non-biomass carbonaceous material, such as petroleum coke or coal, and a gasification catalyst, where the gasification catalyst is loaded onto at least one of the biomass or non-biomass for gasification in the presence of steam to yield a plurality of gases including methane and at least one or more of hydrogen, carbon monoxide, and other higher hydrocarbons are formed. Processes are also provided for the preparation of the particulate compositions and converting the particulate composition into a plurality of gaseous products.

Particulate compositions are described comprising a carbonaceous material, such as petroleum coke and/or coal, treated or otherwise associated with a gasification catalyst, where the catalyst is at least in part derived from a leachate from a biomass char, for gasification in the presence of steam to yield a plurality of gases including methane and at least one or more of hydrogen, carbon monoxide, and other higher hydrocarbons are formed. Processes are also provided for the preparation of the particulate compositions and converting the particulate composition into a plurality of gaseous products.

Use of physical vapor deposition methodologies to deposit nanoscale gold on activating support media makes the use of catalytically active gold dramatically easier and opens the door to significant improvements associated with developing, making, and using gold-based, catalytic systems. The present invention, therefore, relates to novel features, ingredients, and formulations of gold-based, heterogeneous catalyst systems generally comprising nanoscale gold deposited onto a nanoporous support.

Processes are provided for capturing and recycling carbonaceous fines generated during a gasification process. In particular, the recycled fines are processed into a particulate composition which is useable as a carbonaceous feedstock and is conversion into a gas stream comprising methane.

A solid state membrane for a reforming reactor is disclosed which comprises at least one oxygen anion-conducting oxide selected from the group consisting of hexaaluminates, cerates, perovskites, and other mixed metal oxides that are able to adsorb and dissociate molecular oxygen. The membrane adsorbs and dissociates molecular oxygen into highly active atomic oxygen and allows oxygen anions to diffuse through the membrane, to provide high local concentration of oxygen to deter formation and deposition of carbon on reformer walls. Embodiments of the membrane also have catalytic activity for reforming a hydrocarbon fuel to synthesis gas. Also disclosed are a reformer having an inner wall containing the new membrane, and a process of reforming a hydrocarbon feed, such as a high sulfur-containing diesel fuel, to produce synthesis gas, suitable for use in fuel cells.

Processes for the generation of steam are provided for use in an integrated catalytic gasification process for converting carbonaceous materials to combustible gases, such as methane. Generally, the exhaust gas from a steam generating reactor is provided along with steam, a carbonaceous feedstock, and a gasification catalyst, to a catalytic gasifier, wherein under appropriate temperature and pressure conditions, the carbonaceous feedstock is converted into a plurality of product gases, including, but not limited to, methane, carbon monoxide, hydrogen, and carbon dioxide. As substantially all the carbon dioxide produced from the steam generation process and the gasification process are subsequently directed though gas purification and separation processes, substantially all the carbon dioxide may be recovered, yielding a process having a near zero carbon footprint.

The present invention relates to processes for preparing gaseous products, and in particular methane, via the catalytic hydromethanation of a carbonaceous feedstock in the presence of steam, syngas and an oxygen-rich gas stream.

Catalysts comprised of at least one catalytically active element and at least one helper catalyst are disclosed. The catalysts may be used to increase the rate, the selectivity or lower the overpotential of chemical reactions. These catalysts may be useful for a variety of chemical reactions including in particular the electrochemical conversion of carbon dioxide to formic acid.

An apparatus for thermal conversion of one or more reactants to desired end products includes an insulated reactor chamber having a high temperature heater such as a plasma torch at its inlet end and, optionally, a restrictive convergent-divergent nozzle at its outlet end. In a thermal conversion method, reactants are injected upstream from the reactor chamber and thoroughly mixed with the plasma stream before entering the reactor chamber. The reactor chamber has a reaction zone that is maintained at a substantially uniform temperature. The resulting heated gaseous stream is then rapidly cooled by passage through the nozzle, which "freezes" the desired end product(s) in the heated equilibrium reaction stage, or is discharged through an outlet pipe without the convergent-divergent nozzle. The desired end products are then separated from the gaseous stream.

The invention provides a process for the manufacture of carbon disulphide by reacting carbon monoxide with elemental sulphur to form carbonyl sulphide and disproportionating the carbonyl sulphide formed into carbon disulphide and carbon dioxide, the process comprising contacting a gaseous stream comprising carbon monoxide with a liquid elemental sulphur phase containing a solid catalyst at a temperature in the range of from 250 to 700° C. to obtain a gaseous phase comprising carbonyl sulphide, carbon disulphide and carbon dioxide. The invention further provides the use of a liquid stream comprising carbon disulphide, carbonyl sulphide and carbon dioxide obtainable by such process for enhanced oil recovery.

The present invention relates to processes for hydromethanating a carbonaceous feedstock to a methane-enriched synthesis gas, where an oxygen-rich gas stream and the carbonaceous feedstock are fed into a fluidized-bed hydromethanation reactor at a specified zone in order to assist in heat management within the hydromethanation reactor.

The present invention is directed to methods for reducing SOx, NOx, and CO emissions from a fluid stream comprising contacting said fluid stream with a compound comprising magnesium and aluminum and having an X-ray diffraction pattern displaying at least a reflection at a two theta peak position at about 43 degrees and about 62 degrees, wherein the ratio of magnesium to aluminum in the compound is from about 1:1 to about 10:1. In one embodiment, the ratio of magnesium to aluminum in the compound is from about 1:1 to about 6:1. In one embodiment, the ratio of magnesium to aluminum in the compound is from about 1.5:1 to about 10:1. In another embodiment, the invention is directed to methods wherein the ratio of magnesium to aluminum in the compound is from about 1.5:1 to about 6:1.

By using catalytic partial oxidation or autothermal reforming process, a catalytic oxidizer installed in the engine's Exhaust Gas Recycle (EGR) line can be used to produce from fossil fuels or bio-fuels a reformate gas containing H₂ and CO for an IC engine or a gas turbine. Thus, a system consisting of an EGR Oxidizer and an IC engine/gas turbine can be used by itself as a driving device, or can be combined with an electric generator and a battery bank to produce, store and transmit electricity to be used in stationary or mobile power generation, transportation and utility etc.

The Oxidizer can also be used to provide reducing gases to regenerate the NO_x or diesel particulate traps, so that the traps can continuously be used for reducing emissions from IC engine, diesel truck, gas turbine, power plant etc.

A power generating apparatus including a gas turbine engine combusting a fuel in air to produce shaft power and producing a flow of exhaust gases including oxides of nitrogen (NO_x), carbon monoxide (CO) and hydrocarbons (HC). An emissions treatment apparatus includes in the exhaust gas flowpath a CO oxidation catalyst disposed at a location with an exhaust gas temperature for which the CO oxidation catalyst advantageously limits NO₂ production. The emissions treatment apparatus further includes an ammonia injection apparatus, a mixing section, and a selective catalytic reduction element disposed downsteam of the ammonia injection apparatus and adapted for reduction of NO_x.

This invention relates a series of steps to provide an economical production of a carbon based fertilizer and soil amendment made during the capture of greenhouse gases from the combustion of fossil and non fossil fuels. The invention uses biomass and other carbonaceous sources through pyrolytic conversion to gases and charcoal, to allow for the further production of co-products, such as hydrogen and ammonia. The invention also relates to the combination of hydrated ammonia, combustion flue gas exhaust, and charcoal, provide for the conversion of the charcoal into a valued added soil amendment to return essential trace minerals and plant nutrients to the soil. The ability to produce a large volume carbon co-product while removing mandated emissions and producing renewable based hydrogen provides an economic gain to a large number small and large businesses and increase the chance of achieving significant reductions in greenhouse gas emissions.

The present invention provides for a process for purifying carbon monoxide-containing gas streams that contain impurities such as hydrocarbons by using a cryogenic adsorption process. Preferably this process is a temperature swing adsorption process at cryogenic temperatures below −75° C. Alternatively, the carbon monoxide-containing gas streams may be purified using the cryogenic adsorption process with membrane separation units or vacuum swing adsorption units or cryogenic distillation.

To provide a photocatalyst having high selectivity and carrying out a reductive reaction with light having a longer wavelength. A photocatalyst has a structure in which a semiconductor and a substrate are joined, in which the substrate causes a catalytic reaction by transfer to the substrate of excited electrons, which are generated by applying light to the semiconductor.

The invention relates to a cerium-based catalyst, and relates to an application of the cerium-based catalyst in methane oxyhalogenation methods used for preparing halogenated methane. The methane oxyhalogenation methods used for preparing halogenated methane comprise a methane chlorine oxidation method used for preparing methyl chloride and a methane bromine oxidation method used for preparing methyl bromide. The cerium-based catalyst is suitable to be used in methane oxyhalogenation reactions. The cerium-based catalyst can be a CeO2 catalyst, a cerium-based bi-component composite oxide catalyst, a load-type cerium-based oxide catalyst, or the like. With the cerium-based catalyst, the methane oxyhalogenation reactions including a chlorine oxidation reaction and a bromine oxidation reaction can be effectively and stably catalyzed, and methyl chloride and methyl bromide can be prepared. With the cerium-based catalyst, reactants such as CH4, HCl and O2 can be catalytically converted with high efficiency for carrying out a chlorine oxidation reaction, such that products CH3Cl and CH2Cl2 are produced. Also, with the cerium-based catalyst, reactants such as CH4, HBr(H2O), and O2 can be converted with high efficiency for carrying out a bromine oxidation reaction, such that products CH3Br and CH2Br2 are produced.