214results about "Carbon capture" patented technology

Methods of sequestering carbon dioxide (CO₂) are provided. Aspects of the methods include precipitating a storage stable carbon dioxide sequestering product from an alkaline-earth-metal-containing water and then disposing of the product, e.g., by placing the product in a disposal location or using the product as a component of a manufactured composition. Also provided are systems for practicing methods of the invention.

The present invention provides carbonaceous fuels and processes for making them. Moreover, the invention also relates to processes using the carbonaceous fuels in the production of cement products. One embodiment of the invention is a carbonaceous fuel comprising (a) unconverted fines of a carbonaceous feedstock, the carbonaceous feedstock having an ash content of greater than 1%, the fines having an average particle size less than about 45 μm; and (b) a char residue formed by catalytic gasification of the carbonaceous feedstock, the char residue having an ash content of greater than about 30%, wherein the ash includes at least one aluminum-containing compound or silicon-containing compound; and having a weight ratio of fines to char residue in the range of about 4:1 to about 1:4, and a total dry basis wt % of carbon of least about 40%. Another embodiment of the invention is a process of making a cement product comprising: (a) providing a carbonaceous fuel as described above; (b) passing the carbonaceous fuel into a cement-making zone; and (c) at least partially combusting the carbonaceous fuel to provide heat for a cement producing reaction within the cement-making zone.

A method of sequestering a greenhouse gas is described, which comprises: (i) providing a solution carrying a first reagent that is capable of reacting with a greenhouse gas; (ii) contacting the solution with a greenhouse gas under conditions that promote a reaction between the at least first reagent and the greenhouse gas to produce at least a first reactant; (iii) providing a porous matrix having interstitial spaces and comprising at least a second reactant; (iv) allowing a solution carrying the at least first reactant to infiltrate at least a substantial portion of the interstitial spaces of the porous matrix under conditions that promote a reaction between the at least first reactant and the at least second reactant to provide at least a first product; and (v) allowing the at least first product to form and fill at least a portion of the interior spaces of the porous matrix, thereby sequestering a greenhouse gas.

A process for sequestering carbon dioxide from the flue gas emitted from a combustion chamber is disclosed. In the process, a foam including a foaming agent and the flue gas is formed, and the foam is added to a mixture including a cementitious material (e.g., fly ash) and water to form a foamed mixture. Thereafter, the foamed mixture is allowed to set, preferably to a controlled low-strength material having a compressive strength of 1200 psi or less. The carbon dioxide in the flue gas and waste heat reacts with hydration products in the controlled low-strength material to increase strength. In this process, the carbon dioxide is sequestered. The CLSM can be crushed or pelletized to form a lightweight aggregate with properties similar to the naturally occurring mineral, pumice.

A process is disclosed for producing cement clinker, comprising the steps of: a) providing a mixture of ground calcareous materials and ground argillaceous materials; b) heating the mixture of step a) to a temperature sufficient to calcine and fuse the ground materials to form the cement clinker, and thereby producing an exhaust gas containing CO₂; c) catalysing the hydration of at least a portion of the CO2 contained in the exhaust gas and producing a solution containing bicarbonate ions and hydrogen ions; and d) adding to the solution obtained in step c) metal ions, and adjusting the pH of the solution to precipitate a carbonate or said metal. Preferably, the metal ions are Ca⁺⁺ obtained from the dissolution of a material selected from the group consisting of CaCl₂, cement kiln dust and sea salts and the carbonate is CaCO₃ which is advantageously recycled into the process by adding the CaCO₃ to the mixture of step a). A cement plant for performing this process is also disclosed.

A process for sequestering carbon dioxide from the exhaust gas emitted from a combustion chamber is disclosed. In the process, a foam including a foaming agent and the exhaust gas is formed, and the foam is added to a mixture including a cementitious material (e.g., cement-kiln dust, lime kiln dust, or slag cement) and water to form a foamed mixture. Thereafter, the foamed mixture is allowed to set, preferably to a controlled low-strength material having a compressive strength of 1200 psi or less. The carbon dioxide in the exhaust gas reacts with hydration products in the controlled low-strength material and in turn sequesters the carbon dioxide.

The invention provides geopolymeric compositions intended for use in carbon dioxide injection or production wells or storage reservoirs and preferably in a supercritical carbon dioxide conditions. The geopolymeric composition is formed from a suspension comprising an aluminosilicate source, a metal silicate, an alkali activator, a retarder and/or an accelerator and a carrier fluid wherein the oxide molar ratio M₂O/SiO₂ is greater than 0.20 with M an alkali metal.

The invention provides novel aerated composite materials that possess excellent physical and performance characteristics of aerated concretes, and methods of production and uses thereof. These composite materials can be readily produced from widely available, low cost raw materials by a process suitable for large-scale production with improved energy consumption, desirable carbon footprint and minimal environmental impact.

The invention provides novel paving stones and construction block composite materials and methods for preparation thereof. The paving stones and construction block composite materials can be readily produced from widely available, low cost precursor materials by a production process that involves compacting in a mold that is suitable for large-scale production. The precursor materials include calcium silicate, for example, wollastonite, and particulate filler materials which can comprise silicon dioxide-rich materials. Additives can include calcium carbonate-rich and magnesium carbonate-rich materials. Various additives can be used to fine-tune the physical appearance and mechanical properties of the composite material, such as colorants such as particles of colored materials, such as, and pigments (e.g., black iron oxide, cobalt oxide and chromium oxide). These paving stones and construction block composite materials exhibit visual patterns similar to stone as well as display compressive strength and water absorption equal to or better than that of stone.

A method of preparing and rapidly curing a composite material having a thin cross section. The composite material includes a mixture of solid particles, at least some of which are a material that reacts with CO₂, such as a silicate, for example Wollastonite. The green material is prepared by mixing the solid components with a liquid such as water to form a slurry, and forming green bodies by placing the slurry in forms. The green bodies are reacted with CO₂ to form cured composite materials having thin sections, in the range of 10 to 15 mm. Curing in periods of 6 hours has been demonstrated.

The invention provides novel wood-like composite materials and methods for preparation thereof. The wood-like composite materials can be readily produced from widely available, low cost precursor materials by a production process that involves casting in a mold that is suitable for large-scale production. The precursor materials include calcium silicate, for example, wollastonite, and particulate filler materials which comprise silicon dioxide-rich materials such as quartz, mica, feldspar, sand and glass. Additives can include calcium carbonate-rich and magnesium carbonate-rich materials. Various additives can be used to fine-tune the physical appearance and mechanical properties of the composite material, such as colorants such as particles of colored materials, such as, and pigments (e.g., black iron oxide, cobalt oxide and chromium oxide). These wood-like composite materials exhibit visual patterns unique to wood as well as display compressive strength, flexural strength and water absorption superior to that of wood.

Apparatus and methods for curing composite compositions that react with CO₂. The apparatus in general includes an easily transportable and easily assembled curing structure, such as a plastic sheet housing supported by gas pressure and/or by mechanical supports. Apparatus for providing reagent CO₂, for measuring water content and for removing water, and for controlling temperature, flow rates and flow directions through the curing structure. Examples of curing procedures and examples of cured materials in desired shapes are described.

The present disclosure involves systems and methods for applying CO2 to concrete, which may be performed in-situ or through a separate, stand-alone process. According to another embodiment disclosed herein, a system and method for applying CO2 to one or more materials used in the production of concrete is also provided.

A comprehensive utilization method of high-ferrum and low-grade bauxite belongs to the technical of metallurgy and is carried out according to the steps as follows: a large proportion of aluminium oxide is extracted through a Bayer process technology that excess lime is added, produced low-alkali red mud is pre-reduced through a coal-based rotary furnace process technology, then high-temperature melting separation of aluminium slag/ferrum is realized by adopting a ferrum bath oxygen coal jetting technology, formed aluminium slag generates calcium aluminate cement after being quenched and tempered, calcium aluminate cement slag is leached with low sodium carbonate solution, a part of leached crude solution and digestion slurry by the Bayer process are mixed and enter a Bayer process system to extract aluminium oxide, and the other part is desilicated and then is resolved in a carbonation manner, aluminum hydrate, which is the decomposition product, is conveyed to the Bayer process system as seed crystal, and resolved mother liquid is used for leaching calcium aluminate cement slag after being mixed. The method provided by the invention can not only ensure efficient dissociation extraction of ferrum and aluminium, but also be practicable in technology and economic benefit, thereby comprehensively utilizing high-ferrum bauxite resource of China effectively.

Compositions comprising highly reflective microcrystalline/amorphous materials are provided. In some instances, the highly reflective materials are microcrystalline or amorphous carbonate materials, which may include calcium and/or magnesium carbonate. In some instances, the materials are CO₂ sequestering materials. Also provided are methods of making and using the compositions, e.g., to increase the albedo of a surface, to mitigate urban heat island effects, etc.

The invention discloses a method for producing partial full-oxygen type cement suitable for separation and collection of CO2, which is a cement production process combining a process of pre-decomposing cement raw materials by using full-oxygen combustion and a process of baking clinkers by using conventional heated air combustion and can effectively solve the problems of the separation and collection of the CO2 in the cement production process. The raw materials subjected to the decomposition of carbonate in a decomposing furnace are separated through a fifth-stage cyclone and enter a rotary kiln, and the combustion way of the rotary kiln is different from the conventional way; the other part of heated air is discharged by a grate cooler to serve as secondary air for combustion, wherein the temperature of the firing zone in the kiln reaches 1,800 DEG C; the heat from fuel combustion is transmitted to materials; the materials are calcined into clinkers; the clinkers from the rotary kiln enter the grate cooler and then enter a rear material receiving device after being cooled; smoke from the rotary kiln enters a right five-stage preheater and is mixed with the heated air from the grate cooler at the output of the five-stage preheater; and the mixed air enters a fourth-stage preheater, gradually rises and is discharged from the top of a first-stage preheater to an exhaust gas processing system.