233results about How to "Reduce carbon dioxide emissions" patented technology

A method of generating and recovering gas from naturally existing subsurface formations Of coal, carbonaceous shale or organic-rich shales comprising the steps Of: injecting into fracture of the subsurface formation, under substantially anaerobic conditions, a consortia of selected anaerobic, biological microorganisms for in situ conversion of organic compounds in said formation into methane and other compounds; and producing methane through at least one well extending from said subsurface formation to the surfaces.

The invention relates to a process for producing a new type of high-quality hydrocarbon base oil of biological origin. The process of the invention comprises ketonisation, hydrodeoxygenation, and isomerization steps. Fatty acids and / or fatty acid esters based on a biological raw material are preferably used as the feedstock.

Methods for reducing and eliminating carbon dioxide from the emissions of solid fuel fired power plants, particularly coal fired power plants, and to sequester the carbon dioxide, typically by using existing equipment. In some embodiments, the methods involve pyrolyzing the solid fuel to remove volatile matter and using the volatile matter to produce hydrogen. Additionally, the methods may involve burning the solid fuel or pyrolized solid fuel at very fuel rich stoichiometric conditions. Sequestration may include the production of a carbon dioxide-containing solution and the pumping of the solution into the ground, particularly in areas high in limestone.

The method of simultaneously reducing carbon dioxide (CO2) emissions and sulfur dioxide (SO2) emissions produced by the combustion of carbon-containing matter in a hearth consists in injecting into the hearth a calcium-based agent, a fraction of which absorbs SO2 after decarbonization, and then, after the flue gases have been subjected to intermediate cooling, in causing them to transit via a first reactor and in putting them in contact therein with the other fraction of the absorbant that has not reacted with SO2 so as to capture CO2 from the flue gases by carbonization, then, in a separator, in extracting the solids contained in the flue gases output from the first reactor so as to subject them to heat treatment in a second reactor in order to extract CO2 therefrom by decarbonization and in order to recycle the resulting regenerated CO2 absorbant to the first reactor.

A process is disclosed for producing cement clinker, comprising the steps of: a) providing a mixture of ground calcareous materials and ground argillaceous materials; b) heating the mixture of step a) to a temperature sufficient to calcine and fuse the ground materials to form the cement clinker, and thereby producing an exhaust gas containing CO2; c) catalysing the hydration of at least a portion of the CO2 contained in the exhaust gas and producing a solution containing bicarbonate ions and hydrogen ions; and d) adding to the solution obtained in step c) metal ions, and adjusting the pH of the solution to precipitate a carbonate or said metal. Preferably, the metal ions are Ca++ obtained from the dissolution of a material selected from the group consisting of CaCl2, cement kiln dust and sea salts and the carbonate is CaCO3 which is advantageously recycled into the process by adding the CaCO3 to the mixture of step a). A cement plant for performing this process is also disclosed.

A cement composition comprises fine pumice particles, for use in cementing subterranean wells, and oil and gas wells in particular. The pumice containing cement blends feature enhanced compressive strength, and favourable compressive strength to Young's Modulus ratios. Lightweight cement blends containing pumice, and their use in cementing oil and gas wells are also described.

The invention relates to a process for producing high-quality hydrocarbon base oil particularly of biological origin. The process of the invention comprises aldol condensation, hydrodeoxygenation, and isomerization steps. Aldehydes and / or ketones, preferably of biological origin are used as the feedstock.

A hull cleaning robot includes at least one cleaning apparatus for cleaning the hull of a vessel, at least one drive track holding the robot on the hull as the robot maneuvers about the hull, and at least one turbine actuatable by water flowing past the hull for operating the at least one drive track and, optionally, the cleaning apparatus.

The invention discloses a road autonomous cleaning control system and method based on laser and vision and belongs to the technical field of control systems. The road autonomous cleaning control system comprises a bottom layer control system, a laser and vision navigation and positioning system, a wireless data transmission base station network and a man-machine interaction platform, wherein the bottom layer control system and the laser and vision navigation and positioning system are connected to realize data protocol conversion, the bottom layer control system and the laser and vision navigation and positioning system are in data communication with the man-machine interaction platform via the wireless data transmission base station network, and autonomous route planning as well as navigation and positioning can be realized when a motor sweeper runs in an unmanned manner; in an autonomous control mode, the motor sweeper can be controlled to complete road cleaning work without worker involvement, labor intensity of environmental sanitation workers in cities can be lowered, carbon dioxide emission and environment pollution in the cities can be lowered, and energy structure optimization can be realized.

The invention relates to a process and a device for process realizing to increase the efficiency of power stations by improvement of the efficiency of using the heat potentials for an electric power production by using of supercritical carbon dioxide as a working fluid and heat transfer medium as well as for the improvement of the ecological balance of power stations by minimization of the carbon dioxide emission and the total avoidance of NOx-emissions by using of pure oxygen for the burning process. Additionally the process allows the buffering of electric overcapacity energy producing mass storages for natural gas, pressed air and carbon dioxide and their effective using as well as in the continuous operation and for peak load supply of power stations.

A reduced carbon dioxide emissions system and method for providing power for refrigerant compression and shared electrical power for a light hydrocarbon gas liquefaction process.

A cleaning device with sweeping and vacuuming functions includes a body accommodating a sweep module and a vacuum module. A main brush and an auxiliary brush driven by a power unit are pivoted in the sweep module. The main brush partially extends outside an opening at a bottom of the sweep module and contacts a ground surface. The sweep module has an outlet adjacent to a top of the auxiliary brush, and is pivoted in the body to freely and pivotally swing under weight. A first chamber of a dust collector of the vacuum module has an inlet corresponding to the outlet, and trash removed by the sweep module is collected into the first chamber. An air inlet communicating with an air intake component is formed above a second chamber of the dust collector. A suction port is formed below the second chamber to draw dust into the second chamber.

A laminate film including at least one bio-based polyester layer. The polyester layer has a radiocarbon (14C) content of at least 21.5 pMC. The laminate film may further have additional layers such as a second bio-based polyester resin-containing layer of at least about 21.5 pMC radiocarbon content, a metal layer, or combinations thereof.

A laminate film including at least one bio-based polyolefin layer including at least 53 pMC of radiocarbon (14C) content is disclosed. The laminate film may include additional layers such as a second bio-based polyolefin resin-containing layer of at least 53 pMC radiocarbon content, and a metal layer.

The invention provides a method to decrease emission of carbon dioxide from combustion of fossil fuels or other hydrocarbons and to enhance the efficiency of methane production from anaerobic biodigesters. The invention involves feeding carbon dioxide from the exhaust gas of hydrocarbon fuel combustion to an anaerobic biodigester where biomass is anaerobically fermented to produce methane. Carbon dioxide is an electron acceptor for anaerobic fermentation, and thus some of the carbon dioxide is reduced to methane, which can again be used for fuel. In this way, at least a portion of the exhaust gas CO2 is recycled to form fuel methane instead of being released into the atmosphere. Thus, the net CO2 emission from burning a given amount of fossil fuel is decreased. Adding carbon dioxide to an anaerobic fermentation also increases the efficiency and amount of methane production in the fermentation.

Systems and methods of the present invention are provided to generate a plurality of flight trajectories that do not conflict with other aircraft in a local area. Interventions by an air traffic control system help prevent collisions between aircraft, but these interventions can also cause an aircraft to substantially deviate from the pilot's intended flight trajectory, which burns fuels, wastes time, etc. Systems and methods of the present invention can assign a standard avoidance interval to other aircraft in the area such that a pilot's aircraft does not receive an intervention by an air traffic control system. Systems and methods of the present invention also generate a plurality of conflict-free flight trajectories such that a pilot or an automated system may select the most desirable flight trajectory for fuel efficiency, speed, and other operational considerations, etc.

The present invention provides a high quality laminated sheet material prepared using as much materials of biological origin as possible in order to contribute to the prevention of deterioration of the environment and provide a reduction in the amount of exhaustible resources being consumed.The laminated sheet material of the present invention is characterized by having at least one first layer and at least two different kinds of layers selected from the group consisting of a second layer, a third layer and a fourth layer, wherein the first layer has a resin composition A which includes a polyester resin (a) containing 25% or more of a component of biological origin and a polyolefin resin (b); the second layer has as the main component the polyester resin (a) containing 25% or more of a component of biological origin; the third layer has as the main component the polyolefin resin (b); and the fourth layer has as the main component an adhesive resin (c).

An object of the present invention is to provide a novel microalga that produces hydrocarbons available as an alternative fuel to a diesel fuel (light oil).The present invention relates to a novel microalga Pseudochoricystis ellipsoidea having the ability to produce hydrocarbons, and to a process for producing hydrocarbons, characterized by culturing a microalga belonging to the genus Pseudochoricystis or the genus Choricystis having the ability to produce hydrocarbons, and collecting the hydrocarbon from the resulting cultured product.

The present disclosure describes use of filamentous algae to form insulating construction materials which provide thermal and noise insulation. Algae from the order Zygnematales, the Cladophorales, or the Ulotrichales can be dried and formed for use as insulating material. Algae mass can be combined into several layers, using a binder to attach the layers to each other. A composite material of algae mass and an additive can be used and form the body of insulation panels having honeycomb-shaped chambers, which are sealed by a foil that is laminated onto the body.Various plants for cultivating algae for use in construction material are disclosed. Plants utilizing gravity harvest comprise cultivation ponds located at a slope, wherein the ponds can be opened to allow algae and water to flow downhill through a collector grill. Plants utilizing net harvest, overflow harvest or rake harvest are described. Carbon dioxide injection concepts utilizing direct and indirect injection of carbon dioxide into algae cultivation ponds are disclosed. An algae harvesting machine is disclosed. Control concepts for controlling the growth of algae in an algae cultivation plant are described.

The present invention concerns a method for producing calcium carbonate containing the steps of extraction of alkaline industrial waste or by-products using as a first extraction solvent an aqueous solution of a salt formed from a weak acid and a weak base, whereby a vanadium-enriched first residue is allowed to settle and a calcium-rich first filtrate is formed, filtration, whereby the first filtrate is separated from the first residue, carbonation of the calcium-rich first filtrate using a carbonation gas, whereby calcium carbonate precipitates and a second filtrate is formed, and a second filtration, whereby the calcium carbonate is separated from the second filtrate. Further, the present invention concerns a method for extracting calcium carbonate and vanadium from alkaline industrial waste or by-products.

The present invention provides a process for recovering hydrogen and carbon dioxide from a process stream (1) of a process unit (0) wherein the process stream (1) contains at least carbon dioxide, hydrogen and methane. In the process, the process stream (1) is optionally compressing in a first compressor (2) before being cooled in a heat exchanger (3) to a temperature equal to or less than −10° C. Next, the cooled process stream (1) is separated and purified in a carbon dioxide separation unit (4) to produce a carbon dioxide rich liquid stream (6) and a carbon dioxide lean non-condensable stream (5) with the carbon dioxide rich liquid stream (6) being withdrawn as a carbon dioxide product for further use. The carbon dioxide lean non-condensable stream (5) is then withdrawn from the carbon dioxide separation unit (4) and passed through a hydrogen selective membrane separation unit (7) to form a hydrogen rich permeate stream (8) with the remaining components in the carbon dioxide lean non-condensable stream (5) forming a hydrogen lean residue stream (9). The hydrogen lean residue stream (9) is passed through a carbon dioxide selective membrane separation unit (10) to form a carbon dioxide enriched permeate stream (11) with the remaining components in the hydrogen lean residue stream (9) forming a carbon dioxide depleted residue stream (12). The hydrogen rich permeate stream (8) is optionally compressed in a second compressor (13) and recycled for use as a supplemental feed stream in the process unit (0) or in other processes. The carbon dioxide enriched permeate stream (11) is recycled to the process stream (1) prior to the compressor (2) or within the compressor (2) between stages of compression, or to the carbon dioxide separation unit (4) while the carbon dioxide depleted residue stream (12) is withdrawn for further use. The present invention further relates to the use of this process within a hydrogen generation plant to increase recovery of hydrogen and capture equal to or greater than 90% of the carbon dioxide in the syngas stream.

The invention provides a method to decrease emission of carbon dioxide from combustion of fossil fuels or other hydrocarbons and to enhance the efficiency of methane production from anaerobic biodigesters. The invention involves feeding carbon dioxide from the exhaust gas of hydrocarbon fuel combustion to an anaerobic biodigester where biomass is anaerobically fermented to produce methane. Carbon dioxide is an electron acceptor for anaerobic fermentation, and thus some of the carbon dioxide is reduced to methane, which can again be used for fuel. In this way, at least a portion of the exhaust gas CO2 is recycled to form fuel methane instead of being released into the atmosphere. Thus, the net CO2 emission from burning a given amount of fossil fuel is decreased. Adding carbon dioxide to an anaerobic fermentation also increases the efficiency and amount of methane production in the fermentation.

The present invention provides a kind of solar-architectural materials which receive solar radiation and transfer it into heat energy and at the same time works as building finishing and decoration material, and thereof a system of building integrative solar heat utilization in which comprise a kind of heat-energy-conflux-device via metal matching surface impinging on each other without leakage possibility of liquid as heat transfer medium in the system.

A method of the gasification of coal using oxygen and steam is provided wherein the coal is gasified at a temperature of from 1000 to 2500° C. and a pressure of from 1 to 100 kg / cm2 using oxygen generated by electrolyzing water and steam having a temperature of from 300 to 600° C. attained by heat exchange heat with a high temperature gas generated by the coal gasification. In the method, a remarkably higher efficiency and low carbon dioxide emission is attained.

An igniter (20) of a corona ignition system emits a non-thermal plasma in the form of a corona (30) to ionize and ignite a fuel mixture. The igniter (20) includes an electrode (32) and a ceramic insulator (22) surrounding the electrode (32). The insulator (22) surrounds a firing end (38) of the electrode (32) and blocks the electrode (32) from exposure to the combustion chamber (28). The insulator (22) presents a firing surface (56) exposed to the combustion chamber (28) and emitting the non-thermal plasma. A plurality of electrically conducting elements (24) are disposed in a matrix (26) of the ceramic material and along the firing surface (56) of the insulator (22), such as metal particles embedded in the ceramic material or holes in the ceramic material. The electrically conducting elements (24) reduce arc discharge during operation of the igniter (20) and thus improve the quality of ignition.

Carbon dioxide emissions within a refinery are reduced by reforming a hydrocarbon containing feed at low pressure to enhance the conversion of methane to hydrogen and carbon monoxide and thereby reduce methane slip. The hydrocarbon containing feed is composed entirely or at least in part of a refinery off gas. The resulting reformed stream is then subjected to water-gas shift conversion to form a shifted stream from which carbon dioxide is separated. As a result of the separation and the low pressure reforming, hydrogen containing fuel gas streams, that are thereby necessary lean in carbon dioxide and methane, are used in firing the steam methane reformer and other fuel uses within the refinery to reduce carbon dioxide emissions. The carbon dioxide that is separated can be sequestered or used in other processes such as enhanced oil recovery.

Methods for production of carbon black using high temperature feedstock at temperatures exceeding about 300° C. with fouling control are provided. An apparatus for production of carbon black according to these methods also is provided.

Methods for production of carbon black using high temperature feedstock at temperatures exceeding about 300° C. with fouling control are provided. An apparatus for production of carbon black according to these methods also is provided.

A method for efficiently producing energy, carbon, carbon monoxide, synthetic carbonaceous liquid and gaseous fuels and hydrogen from fossil or biomass fuels with minimal carbon dioxide emissions.