147 results about "Low carbon dioxide" patented technology

Provided is a carbon dioxide capture system using heat pumps for waste heat recovery and utilization. In the system, waste heat recovery and upgrading are performed, by means of a first waste heat recovery heat pump, on a lean solution in a medium-temperature section that has been cooled by means of a lean-rich solution heat exchanger, and / or waste heat recovery and upgrading are performed, by means of a third waste heat recovery heat pump, on reaction waste heat of an absorption solution; and recovered waste heat is used for heating a medium-lean solution at the bottom of a desorption tower to perform carbon dioxide desorption, thereby realizing the recovery and full upgrading of low-grade waste heat, and thus achieving the aim of full utilization of low-grade waste heat. By means of a first coupled heat exchanger and / or a second coupled heat exchanger, the system further makes the working medium, which is obtained after recovered heat energy is reused for carbon dioxide desorption, further exchange heat with a split cold rich solution to preheat the cold rich solution, thereby realizing coupled utilization of energy inside the carbon dioxide capture system, and thus effectively reducing the heat consumption and operating costs of the carbon dioxide capture system.

The invention discloses a system and a method for preparing low-carbon olefin through carbon dioxide adsorption and in-situ oxidative dehydrogenation. The invention provides a system and a method for integrating carbon dioxide capture and in-situ oxidation low-carbon alkane (ethane / propane) dehydrogenation, a bifunctional material is composed of an adsorbent and a catalyst, and capture of carbon dioxide and in-situ oxidation low-carbon alkane dehydrogenation can be realized in the same reaction tower, so that the highest one-way carbon dioxide conversion rate can reach 100%, and the conversion rate of carbon dioxide can reach 100%. And meanwhile, the ethylene yield reaches 26%. According to the method, the problems of additional product separation and product gas recycling caused by low carbon dioxide conversion efficiency in the prior art are avoided, and effective heat management is realized, so that the process of integrating carbon dioxide capture and preparing low-carbon olefin by oxidizing low-carbon alkane has more economic advantages.

The invention provides a coal-based solid waste acid-activated cementing material and a preparation method thereof, and the preparation method comprises the following steps: fully crushing, calcining and ball-milling coal gangue, coal series kaolin and kaolin tailing slag to obtain a ball-milled material; grinding and sieving the sludge incineration ash to obtain screen underflow, and adding an extracting solution into the screen underflow to prepare an acid activator; mixing and stirring an acid activator and the ball-milled material to obtain neat paste; and carrying out pouring molding on the neat paste, and carrying out sealing maintenance to obtain the coal-based solid waste acid-activated gel material. The coal-based solid waste acid-activated cementing material prepared by the preparation method provided by the invention has good cementing property and mechanical property, and the preparation process is low in energy consumption, less in carbon dioxide emission, easily available in raw materials and low in price, so that the resource utilization of solid wastes is effectively realized; an engineering application foundation is laid for replacing cement on a large scale or preparing concrete for buildings, and the method can also be applied to soil remediation of contaminated sites.

The invention provides a supercritical carbon dioxide pipeline and storage well linkage flow control method and device, and relates to the field of carbon dioxide geological storage, the method comprises the following steps: determining the pressure deviation between the reservoir pressure and the configured target pressure based on the obtained pipeline data, bottom hole pressure data and reservoir pressure data; based on the pressure deviation, the first opening degree of an injection control valve of supercritical carbon dioxide and the second opening degree of an injection control valve of a corresponding water injection opening in the water injection pipeline are determined. The pressure deviation can be accurately calculated by acquiring the pressure data of the pipeline, the well bottom and the reservoir and comprehensively considering the influence of the pipeline parameters on the pressure. Based on the deviation, the opening degrees of the carbon dioxide and water injection control valves are determined through scientific methods such as proportional control and flow and opening degree curves, and cooperative control over the carbon dioxide and the water injection control valves is achieved. According to the method, the problem that the reservoir pressure is too high or too low due to improper injection flow can be effectively avoided, the carbon dioxide leakage risk is reduced, and the sealing efficiency is improved.

The invention relates to the technical field of carbon dioxide capture, and discloses a carbon dioxide capture system and a method for reducing energy consumption in the carbon dioxide capture process. The system comprises an absorption tower, a rich and lean liquid heat exchanger, a regeneration tower, a waste heat recovery refrigeration device, a regeneration gas cooler, a regeneration gas separator and a compressor which are sequentially arranged in the circulation direction of raw material flue gas containing CO2, wherein the absorption tower is used for enabling raw material flue gas containing CO2 to be in contact with an absorbent to obtain a rich solution; the lean and rich solution heat exchanger is used for carrying out heat exchange on the rich solution and a lean solution obtained at the bottom of a regeneration tower; and the waste heat recovery refrigerating device is used for carrying out waste heat recovery on regenerated gas at the top of the regeneration tower and uncondensed gas at the outlet of the compressor. According to the system, the waste heat recovery refrigerating device is adopted, so that power consumption and absorbent loss of the carbon dioxide system are reduced.

Provided are a method for controlling the amount of scale formation of a metal material, an apparatus for controlling the amount of scale formation, and a method for operating a heating furnace, for controlling the amount of scale formation within an appropriate range when it is desired to reduce the amount of carbon dioxide emission by using hydrogen and ammonia as fuel gas for a heating furnace for heating a metal material. A method for controlling the scale generation amount of a metallic material in a heating furnace, in which a hydrogen-based gas having hydrogen and / or ammonia as the total amount is used as a fuel, the metallic material is heated by a burner, and the flow rate of the hydrogen-based gas used for the fuel heated by the burner is set as an operating parameter of the heating furnace. The amount of scale generated on the surface of the metal material is controlled on the basis of the set flow rate of the hydrogen-based gas. Furthermore, it is preferable that at least one of the heating time and the heating temperature of the metal material in the heating furnace be further set as the operating parameters of the heating furnace.

The invention discloses a device and method for evaluating the sealing performance of a shaft under the geological storage in-situ condition of carbon dioxide, and the device comprises a corrosion shaft test module, a carbon dioxide displacement module, a gas channeling simulation module, a shaft temperature and pressure control module and a stratum temperature and pressure control module. The shaft assembly is arranged in the testing shell in a penetrating mode, closed cavities are formed between the top end of the shaft assembly and the top end of the testing shell and between the bottom end of the shaft assembly and the bottom end of the testing shell, and a gas flow meter is installed at the top end of the testing shell. And a confining pressure bin and a heating bin are sequentially arranged in the test shell in the radial direction away from the shaft assembly. The device can simulate the lithology-temperature-pressure-carbonic acid environment in the geological storage process of carbon dioxide, and the sealing capacity of a shaft under the in-situ service condition is evaluated; therefore, the purposes of optimizing the formula of the cement paste, optimizing the material of the sleeve and reducing the risk of carbon dioxide leakage are achieved.

The invention discloses application of a carbon dioxide adsorption catalytic material in capturing carbon dioxide in air and catalytically converting the carbon dioxide into synthesis gas, relates to a preparation method and application of a material for directly capturing and preparing green synthesis gas in situ, and belongs to the field of carbon dioxide adsorption catalytic bifunctional materials. The preparation method of the material comprises the following steps: manufacturing a large number of point defects on silver-loaded graphene aerogel through thermal reduction and plasma treatment, grafting an ionic liquid, synthesizing a novel bifunctional catalyst, and carrying out direct air trapping and catalysis in an adsorption column, so as to obtain the silver-loaded graphene aerogel. The synthesized novel catalyst can be used for capturing at low carbon dioxide concentration, and then catalyzing carbon dioxide into synthesis gas through electro-catalysis, so that a product with a high additional value is obtained.

The invention discloses an energy-saving environment control system for cultivating low-carbon-dioxide valuable and rare bacteria, and relates to the technical field of fungus cultivation equipment. A multi-gear frequency conversion fan is arranged in a power cabin, an HEPA filter screen and an activated carbon layer are sequentially arranged in a filter cabin, a spiral water-cooling coil pipe and a wet curtain device are arranged in a cooling cabin, an ultraviolet lamp and a photocatalyst coating are arranged in a disinfection cabin, and a fin type heat exchanger and a phase change energy storage module are arranged in a heat recovery cabin; the dynamic ventilation pipeline comprises a main air duct which is telescopic and heat-insulating, an electric air valve array is arranged at the tail end of the dynamic ventilation pipeline, a bypass mechanism is provided with a bypass pipeline and a switching valve, and air ports are formed in the tail ends of a plurality of branches; the monitoring and control unit comprises a PLC (Programmable Logic Controller) and is electrically connected with a temperature and humidity sensor, a CO / O concentration sensor, a wind speed sensor, an air quality sensor, a built-in timer and a logical operation module; precise control over the cultivation environment of the rare bacteria and efficient utilization of heat energy are achieved.

The utility model provides a natural gas decarburization system, which comprises an absorption tower with a gas inlet at the lower part, a liquid inlet at the upper part, a gas outlet at the top and a liquid outlet at the bottom; the gas inlet is used for receiving raw material gas, the liquid inlet is used for receiving alcohol amine liquid, the raw material gas is arranged from bottom to top in the absorption tower, the alcohol amine liquid is arranged from top to bottom in the absorption tower, the liquid outlet is used for outputting rich liquid, and the gas outlet is used for outputting purified gas outwards; the cooler is arranged at the upper part in the absorption tower and is positioned below the gas outlet; the upper part of the regeneration tower is provided with a liquid inlet communicated with the liquid outlet to receive rich liquid, the bottom of the regeneration tower is communicated with the liquid inlet, and the top of the regeneration tower is provided with a gas output port for outputting carbon dioxide; the reboiler is arranged at the lower part in the regeneration tower and is used for heating liquid in the regeneration tower to release carbon dioxide and obtain barren liquor; and the condenser is arranged at the upper part in the regeneration tower and is positioned below the gas output port so as to reduce the temperature of the carbon dioxide gas.

The invention belongs to the technical field of natural gas treatment, and discloses a process and a system for recovering ethane and other light hydrocarbon components from oilfield associated gas. A washing tower is arranged before dehydration, heavy hydrocarbon components in the oilfield associated gas are removed, the influence of the heavy hydrocarbon components on a molecular sieve dehydration device is reduced, the service life of a molecular sieve is prolonged, and a liquid phase separated by a low-temperature separator is cooled by a cold box to be cooled and throttled to enter the top of a demethanizing tower; and the low-temperature freezing blockage influence of the carbon dioxide component on the demethanizer can be well reduced.

The utility model discloses a kind of ammonia mixed combustion's cyclone combustor. Among them, cyclone combustor includes: first shell, with combustion chamber intercommunication;Center primary air pipe, setting in first shell, center primary air pipe with combustion chamber intercommunication;First grade ammonia gas passage, setting in center primary air pipe;Secondary air duct, with first shell intercommunication, and secondary air duct with combustion chamber intercommunication;Second grade ammonia gas passage, with first shell intercommunication, and second grade ammonia gas passage outer sleeve in secondary air duct outside. Such setting can reduce the emission of carbon dioxide and other harmful substances, with lower carbon emission and higher combustion efficiency;While it can also reduce the emission of furnace outlet nitrogen oxides, protect environmental quality.

The invention belongs to the technical field of solid oxide batteries and electrolytic cells, and relates to the field of carbon dioxide reduction and methane oxidative coupling, in particular to a solid oxide electrolytic cell anode material, a solid oxide electrolytic cell and a preparation method and application of the solid oxide electrolytic cell anode material. The general formula of the chemical formula of the anode material is Ln < 0.6 > Sr < 0.4 > Mn < 1 + x > O < 3-delta >, x is-0.05 to 0.05, and Ln is one of Pr and Sm; and delta represents the non-stoichiometric ratio of oxygen in the material. According to the solid oxide electrolytic cell anode material, the potential during preparation of ethylene and ethane through coupling of carbon dioxide and methane oxide can be reduced, the selectivity of ethane and ethylene in oxidative coupling of methane can be improved on the basis of stoichiometric regulation and control on Mn, and the economical efficiency of a product on one side of an anode is improved.

The invention provides a gasification method and device for coking fly ash solid waste. According to the device, a multi-reaction-zone coupling principle is adopted, a local high-temperature zone (gt, 2500 DEG C) is created in a gasification furnace through material blending and reactor structure design, the gasification reaction rate is increased, and the adaptability of gasification raw materials is improved; through partitioned combination of high-temperature gasification, slag solidification and chilling deslagging, the requirement of a traditional gasification furnace for the viscosity-temperature characteristic of slag is met, the raw material fluctuation resistance of the gasification furnace is improved, the slag blocking risk of a deslagging opening is reduced, and efficient gasification of unconventional carbon-containing raw materials of coking fly ash is achieved; and the CO-rich gasified gas and the H2-rich coke oven gas are further co-supplied and co-produced, the carbon-hydrogen ratio of the synthesis gas is flexibly adjusted, and cross-system hydrogen-carbon complementation between coal coking and coal gasification is realized, so that the energy efficiency of the coupling system is improved, and the emission of carbon dioxide is reduced.

The invention discloses a rectification device and method for separating and purifying normal propyl alcohol-isopropyl alcohol-tetrahydrofuran-water azeotrope, relates to the field of separation and purification, and provides a novel rectification tower which is internally provided with two vertical partition plates, ethylene oxide is used as a reaction solvent, ethylene glycol is used as an extraction agent, and the normal propyl alcohol-isopropyl alcohol-tetrahydrofuran-water azeotrope is separated and purified. The separation and purification of the n-propanol-isopropanol-tetrahydrofuran-water azeotrope are realized in the rectifying tower, the process flow is short, the separation effect is good, the thermal efficiency is high, the energy consumption is low, the emission of carbon dioxide is less, the equipment investment is less, the occupied area is small, the obtained n-propanol, isopropanol and tetrahydrofuran are high in purity, the practicability is strong, and the sustainable development is favorably realized. Compared with the traditional multi-stage extractive distillation, the rectifying tower disclosed by the invention has the advantages that the heat utilization efficiency is improved, the equipment investment is reduced by about 40-50%, the occupied area is reduced by about 50-60%, and the construction cost is effectively saved.

The invention relates to a carbon dioxide reliquefaction method used in the storage and transportation process, which comprises the following steps: monitoring the pressure in a carbon dioxide storage tank in real time, and when the pressure is higher than a preset threshold value, enabling gaseous carbon dioxide to enter a refrigerating unit through a gas connecting pipeline; the liquefied carbon dioxide is stored in a low-temperature container through a pipeline; when the liquid level in the carbon dioxide storage tank reaches a set value, liquefied carbon dioxide is pumped back to the carbon dioxide storage tank through a liquid spraying system; the supercooled carbon dioxide is directly sprayed into the carbon dioxide storage tank, so that the temperature and the pressure in the carbon dioxide storage tank are reduced, the safety of the carbon dioxide storage tank in the transportation process can be guaranteed, meanwhile, high efficiency, energy conservation, labor conservation and environmental protection are achieved, and the transportation cost is reduced. According to the method for re-liquefying and recovering the carbon dioxide overflowed by flash evaporation, the loss of the carbon dioxide in the transportation process is reduced, the transportation cost is reduced, zero leakage is realized, carbon dioxide leakage is avoided, and ship safety and environmental protection are guaranteed.

The utility model relates to a semi-coke dry quenching waste heat recovery system which comprises a dry quenching furnace, a high-temperature-resistant dust remover, a waste heat boiler, a cyclone dust remover and a coal economizer, and a gas outlet in the top of the dry quenching furnace is sequentially connected with the high-temperature-resistant dust remover, the waste heat boiler and the cyclone dust remover through pipelines. The cyclone dust collector is connected with a gas inlet at the bottom of the dry quenching furnace through a pipeline system, and an economizer is mounted on the pipeline system. According to the utility model, heat in the high-temperature semi-coke can be fully recovered, so that the purposes of energy conservation and consumption reduction are achieved; meanwhile, in the process, an inert gas dry quenching mode is adopted, so that the coke strength is improved, the reactivity of the coke is reduced, unorganized exhaust gas is reduced, the emission amount of carbon dioxide is reduced, the use amount of production water is reduced, and the treatment amount of phenol-cyanogen sewage is reduced.

The utility model discloses an integrated mobile platform for a carbon dioxide arc welding machine, which belongs to the technical field of auxiliary equipment for welding operation, and comprises a loading platform and a mobile trolley for loading a carbon dioxide gas cylinder, the moving trolley comprises a main supporting wheel frame and an auxiliary supporting wheel frame, the auxiliary supporting wheel frame is installed on the main supporting wheel frame in a foldable mode, the auxiliary supporting wheel frame has a folded state and an unfolded state which can be switched when stressed, and the auxiliary supporting wheel frame and the main supporting wheel frame are matched to form a movable structure in the unfolded state; in the folding state, the auxiliary supporting wheel carrier is folded and drawn close to the main supporting wheel carrier. The device solves the technical problems that carbon dioxide gas cylinders are tedious to place and operate and low in replacement efficiency, remarkably improves the welding operation efficiency, and has the advantages of being easy and convenient to operate, flexible to use and low in labor intensity.

Low carbon dioxide-emitting processes and systems for steam cracking hydrocarbons to produce products such as ethylene are described. The processes and systems involve cracking the feed in a furnace that is configured to burn a hydrogen-rich fuel, which produces less carbon dioxide than methane, which is typically used as fuel for such furnaces. The hydrogen-rich stream can be isolated and recycled from the cracker tail gas.

A device, method, and system for CO2 capture is disclosed. The method includes receiving a process vapor including water and CO2 into a vessel at an intake pressure, the vessel having a desiccant and a CO2 sorbent material. The method includes passing the process vapor through the desiccant and sorbent, the desiccant absorbing the water resulting in a dry vapor, the sorbent absorbing CO2 from the dry vapor resulting in a CO2-lean dry vapor. The method includes discontinuing the process vapor, desorbing the water from the desiccant by at least one of reducing pressure downstream from the desiccant to below the intake pressure and increasing a temperature of the desiccant, desorbing the CO2 from the sorbent by placing the desorbed water in contact with the sorbent, removing the desorbed CO2 through the product outlet as a product stream, and desorbing a remaining water from the desiccant and the sorbent.

The invention relates to the technical field of oilfield development, and discloses a method for improving carbon dioxide oil displacement effect, which comprises the following steps: (1) injecting a first composition into an oil reservoir, and then injecting carbon dioxide; wherein the first composition comprises xanthan gum, silicate and an optional first solvent; (2) injecting a second composition into the oil reservoir, and then injecting carbon dioxide; wherein the second composition comprises fatty alcohol polyoxyethylene ether sulfate, alkyl hydroxypropyl phosphate betaine, alkyl glycoside, coconut oil diethanolamide and an optional second solvent. By means of the method, the problem that the oil extraction rate is reduced due to gas channeling in an oil field can be effectively solved. According to the method, the fluidity of carbon dioxide gas in a reservoir high-permeability area or a crack can be effectively reduced, and the gas flooding sweep range is expanded, so that the carbon dioxide oil flooding effect is improved.

The present invention relates to a face mask (also called full face) for respiratory therapy, in particular for non-invasive mechanical ventilation, with a low value of CO2 rebreathing. The mask according to the invention is of the type comprising a shaped shell (11) configured so as to cover at least the mouth, the nose and the eyes of a patient when the mask is worn, and is characterised in that it comprises, on said shaped shell (11) an inlet fitting (17) for the connection to a pipe through which a ventilation apparatus supplies the mask with a mixture of air and oxygen, and an outlet fitting (15), separate from said inlet fitting (17), for the discharge of air exhaled by the patient. With this arrangement, the mask according to the invention allows drastically reducing the phenomenon of carbon dioxide rebreathing, very harmful for the patient subjected to ventilation.

The present disclosure relates to a process for the synthesis of methanol with low carbon dioxide emissions. A purge gas stream from the methanol circuit is treated in a purge gas treatment unit by steps of reforming, water gas shift, and carbon dioxide removal to form a hydrogen stream that is used as a fuel, such as a process stream within a heated reforming operation, the methanol circuit, and / or the purge gas treatment unit. The present disclosure also relates to a method of retrofitting a methanol production unit by installing a purge gas treatment unit as described.

The invention discloses a method for producing alkylamines using synthesis gas reaction and a nitrogen compound over a solid catalyst in a single reaction stage. The method results in high alkylamine selectivity with low carbon dioxide and non-nitrogen hydrocarbon production. The invention further discloses a method in which the produced alkylamines are mainly fatty amines with hydrocarbon chains having between 7 and 30 carbon atoms. The invention also discloses a solid catalyst for said method.

The application discloses a kind of carbon dioxide geological storage in situ condition wellbore sealing evaluation device and method, including corrosion wellbore test module, carbon dioxide displacement module, gas channeling simulation module, wellbore temperature and pressure control module and formation temperature and pressure control module, corrosion wellbore test module includes wellbore combination and test shell, wellbore combination is worn in test shell, and the top end between wellbore combination and the top end of test shell and the bottom end between wellbore combination and the bottom end of test shell form closed cavity, the top end of test shell is equipped with gas flowmeter, and test shell is sequentially provided with confining pressure bin and heating bin along the radial direction away from wellbore combination, the lithology-temperature-pressure-carbonic acid environment in the carbon dioxide geological storage process can be simulated by the application, the sealing capacity under the in situ service condition of evaluation wellbore is realized, to play the purpose of optimizing cement slurry formulation, optimizing casing material, reducing carbon dioxide leakage risk.

Provided is a gas recovery device capable of improving gas recovery efficiency while achieving cost reduction. A gas recovery device is provided with: a carbon dioxide separation unit having a carbon dioxide separation material for separating carbon dioxide from a supply gas; a steam supply unit that supplies steam to the carbon dioxide separation unit and reduces the partial pressure of carbon dioxide in the carbon dioxide separation unit; a carbon dioxide recovery unit that recovers the carbon dioxide separated in the carbon dioxide separation unit while removing steam; and a circulation path for delivering the steam removed by the carbon dioxide recovery unit or water condensed from the steam to a steam supply unit.

The utility model relates to a bubble machine technical field, concretely relates to a bubble machine, be equipped with first gas speed reducer, second gas speed reducer and small hole on the small hole in the bubble machine, carbon dioxide gas flows out from the gas cylinder and enters the gas guide pipe, carbon dioxide gas flow is reduced through the first speed reducer, the airflow velocity reduces, carbon dioxide gas flows out the gas guide pipe and enters the extension pipe, is reduced through the second speed reducer, and carbon dioxide gas flow becomes uniform and stable, finally flows out from the small hole of nozzle and enters the water storage bottle, the carbon dioxide gas flow that flows out from the gas cylinder becomes stable, uniform, smaller impact through multistage speed reduction, thereby can generate smaller, more dense and more uniform distribution bubble, and the bubble generation quality is improved, in addition, the airflow of low -speed stable is smaller to the part impact of bubble machine, and the damage that the part receives is smaller, and the service life of equipment is prolonged.

The invention relates to a high-fluidity muck-based filling material and a preparation method and application thereof, the high-fluidity muck-based filling material comprises a gel material, carbon dioxide water-based foam, muck, a composite alkali activator and water, and the gel material comprises fly ash, granulated blast-furnace slag powder and cement. By adopting the synergistic effect of the engineering waste muck, the alkali-activated gel material of the industrial waste and the carbon dioxide water-based foam, the on-site utilization of the engineering waste muck is realized, the material performance is improved and the cement consumption is reduced while the industrial waste is consumed, so that the emission of carbon dioxide is reduced.

The utility model discloses an incinerator beneficial to carbon emission reduction, which relates to the technical field of incinerators and comprises an incinerator body and a treatment cavity. A sealing cover is arranged at the top of the treatment cavity, a smoke outlet pipe is arranged on the sealing cover, and a fan is arranged in the smoke outlet pipe; a smoke inlet is formed in the outer wall of the treatment cavity and communicates with a smoke outlet of the incinerator body through a pipeline. A spraying and filtering frame is arranged in the treatment cavity; the spraying and filtering frame is positioned above the smoke inlet; a water supply tank is arranged on the outer wall of the treatment cavity and is used for supplying water to the spraying and filtering frame; a feeding port and a water adding port are formed in the water supply tank, and a stirring paddle is arranged in the water supply tank; a flow guide pipe is arranged at the bottom of the treatment cavity, a control valve is arranged on the flow guide pipe, and a settling tank is arranged below the flow guide pipe; and the incinerator flue gas treatment quality is improved, and the emission of carbon dioxide is reduced.

To provide a liquid nitrogen engine having higher efficiency and longer life. [Solution] The present invention is a liquid nitrogen engine comprising: a cylindrical cylinder body 10 having a ring groove 104, a shaft hole 103, an explosion chamber 100, a nitrogen gas chamber 101, and a spark plug 102; and a cylindrical flywheel 11 pivotally attached to the cylinder body 10, located on the side of the cylinder body 10 that does not have the ring groove 104, and having a ring-shaped groove 111, a rotating shaft 110, an inner guide hole 112, and an outer guide rail 113. Because the present invention uses liquid nitrogen, it has very low carbon dioxide emissions, and because nitrogen gas is non-flammable, it can be stored as a safe fuel for carriers (vehicles or aircraft). The present invention can operate at a lower, controlled temperature (below 100°C), resulting in higher efficiency and a longer lifespan.