40results about How to "Improve reducibility" patented technology

The present application relates to the technical field of soil remediation, and discloses a composite microbial inoculum for activating reverse conversion of oxidized iron in dry land soil and application thereof.The composite microbial inoculum comprises aerobic iron-reducing bacteria and phenazine electron shuttles.The present application mediates the aerobic iron-reducing process of the aerobic iron-reducing bacteria strain through the phenazine electron shuttles, significantly improves the electron transfer efficiency, enhances the iron-reducing capacity, and can efficiently generate high-activity weak-crystalline iron oxide under aerobic conditions, thereby breaking through the limitation of traditional iron reduction relying on anaerobic environment;by promoting the reverse conversion of high-crystalline oxidized iron to weak-crystalline oxidized iron, the mineral interface activity is improved, the fixation capacity for Cd, Pb, As and other multi-metals in dry land soil is significantly enhanced, the biological availability thereof is reduced, the biological toxicity and migration risk thereof are greatly weakened, the remediation process is stable, the risk of secondary pollution is low, and the present application has good application prospect and popularization value in the field of heavy metal contaminated soil remediation.

The invention discloses an anaerobic denitrifying bacterial agent as well as a preparation method and application thereof, and belongs to the technical field of water environment treatment. The anaerobic denitrifying bacterium agent is prepared from the following components in parts by weight: 15 to 30 parts of sterile water, 15 to 60 parts of normal saline, 5 to 10 parts of micro-capsule embedded anaerobic denitrifying bacteria, 5 to 20 parts of a porous composite modified carrier, 10 to 30 parts of a carbon source, 4 to 7 parts of nutrient elements, 2.5 to 4 parts of a buffering agent and 1 to 5 parts of a stabilizer, the micro-capsule embedded anaerobic denitrifying bacteria are obtained by embedding anaerobic denitrifying bacteria with an alginic acid gel solution and a calcium chloride solution; the porous composite modified carrier is obtained by crosslinking modified nano iron oxide, modified nano titanium dioxide, a functional polymer solution and glutaraldehyde. The anaerobic denitrifying bacterial agent provided by the invention can effectively improve the efficiency of treating nitrogen pollution of a water body.

The application discloses a preparation method of a photocatalyst for CO2 reduction and application thereof. The photocatalyst is prepared through the following steps: first, preparation of the photocatalyst bismuth oxysulfate; second, metal loading modification of the photocatalyst bismuth oxysulfate. Thiocyanic acid and bismuth nitrate are used as raw materials to synthesize the photocatalyst bismuth oxysulfate, and copper chloride or silver nitrate reagent is selected as a material for metal loading modification of the bismuth oxysulfate, and the selected materials are inexpensive and easy to purchase, and the economic cost is low. The photocatalyst prepared by the method has the advantages of high selectivity, can accelerate electron movement under light conditions, promotes CO2 reduction degradation, and has high stability, and is an ideal photocatalyst. Compared with existing photocatalyst materials, the material has high catalytic degradation reducibility and selectivity, high stability, and when used as a CO2 photocatalyst, can efficiently reduce and convert CO2 into multi-carbon products.

The application provides a five-degree-of-freedom virtual flight test device based on motion compensation, wherein a test model of the device can complete three-axis rotation motion with the help of a three-degree-of-freedom hinge, the test model and an abdominal support strut can move up and down along the axial direction of a three-pronged suspension support to complete the release of the heave degree of freedom, and the test model and the three-pronged suspension support can realize lateral undamped motion under the support of a pneumatic suspension bearing, so as to achieve the purpose of releasing the lateral translation degree of freedom. A parallel six-degree-of-freedom mechanism base at the bottom is responsible for motion compensation of the lateral translation, heave, roll and pitch degrees of freedom, and based on the above structure, the device can realize the five-degree-of-freedom coupled motion test capability except the forward and backward motion. The realization of the above functions has important significance for improving the restoration capability of the virtual flight test of a wind tunnel to the real dynamic characteristics of an aircraft model.

The application discloses a method for preparing direct reduced iron from iron-containing raw materials with near-zero carbon, and belongs to the technical field of steel metallurgy. The method comprises the following steps: uniformly mixing iron-containing raw materials, an organic-inorganic composite binder, biomass carbon and water, and then sequentially performing high-pressure forming and drying and solidification to obtain cold briquetting; and the cold briquetting is reduced by pure hydrogen to obtain direct reduced iron. The method can prepare cold briquetting suitable for the performance requirements of a shaft furnace for direct reduction at a relatively low temperature (<300 DEG C), and further prepares direct reduced iron by pure hydrogen reduction. The method has a short process flow, near-zero carbon emission, and provides a new technical route for the green and low-carbon transformation of the steel industry.

The invention provides a high-precision reconstruction method for a three-dimensional global sound field in a deep ground space, and the method comprises the following steps: S1, sound field collection: collecting sound signals through a microphone array disposed in a target space; s2, model construction: an equivalent sound source and virtual sound source mixed model is constructed based on the sound signals collected in S1, the equivalent sound source and virtual sound source mixed model performs virtual extrapolation on a physical boundary of a target space to form an equivalent sound source surface, the equivalent sound source surface is dispersed into a plurality of equivalent sound sources, and the plurality of equivalent sound sources are subjected to virtual extrapolation; arranging at least one layer of virtual sound source outside the equivalent sound source surface; s3, sound field reconstruction: reconstructing and outputting a three-dimensional sound field in the target space based on the construction of the equivalent sound source and virtual sound source mixed model; according to the method, the original sound signals are directly collected in the target space, the authenticity of sound field data used for reconstruction is ensured, a reliable data foundation is laid for subsequent high-precision physical reconstruction, and compared with a traditional method depending on a database or artificially synthesizing a sound source, the method is extremely high in reduction degree.

The present disclosure relates to a Corynebacterium genus microorganism in which an exogenous nicotinamide nucleotide transhydrogenase protein or a polynucleotide encoding the same is expressed, whereby the microorganism exhibits improved productivity of an L-amino acid or a derivative thereof.

A system and method for reducing sulfur dioxide-containing gas by a binary method. The system for reducing sulfur dioxide-containing gas by a binary method includes a gasifier, which is used for performing a gasification reaction of a carbon-based solid fuel and a gasifying agent, and is used for reducing SO2 in the sulfur dioxide-containing gas by a binary method using the coal gas and semicoke generated by the gasification reaction. The present invention innovatively uses the gasifier as a reduction reactor for sulfur dioxide-containing gas, and uses the two binary products, namely semicoke and coal gas, generated by gasifying the carbon-based fuel in the gasifier to perform binary reduction of SO2 in the sulfur dioxide-containing gas, strengthening the reduction effect and improving the SO2 conversion rate.

This utility model discloses an atomizer that uses a 3D ceramic cup to precisely control the temperature of heated e-liquid, comprising a ceramic shell, a heating element, a conductive ring, a base, and a terminal assembly. The ceramic shell has a stepped interior cavity. The heating element includes a ceramic inner shell and a heating wire integrally formed with the inner shell. The inner shell is divided into two chambers: an atomization chamber and a temperature controller mounting chamber. The heating wire and temperature controller share a common negative electrode design to simplify the circuit. The conductive ring defines the heating element and conducts the negative current. The base connects to the battery via a protruding connecting post. The terminal assembly uses a "linear-to-circular" electrical contact structure, forming a three-point conductive connection with a circular electrode, a solid cylindrical electrode, and the connecting post to ensure a stable connection. The differences between this atomizer and other atomizers on the market are: temperature regulation via a temperature controller; better flavor; longer heating wire lifespan; and better flavor reproduction in the atomized vapor.

The utility model belongs to Hismelt ironmaking technical field, concretely relates to a kind of Hismelt ironmaking coal gas pipeline. Coal gas pipeline includes the lead-out pipe connected with reduction furnace, riser, downcomer and diffusion valve, the downcomer is connected with gravity dust collector;At least one branch of coal powder spray gun is equipped on the coal gas pipeline, the coal powder spray gun is inserted into pipeline by passing through coal gas pipeline wall, and is connected with coal gas pipeline by flange;The cooling water pipe is arranged in the form of membrane wall in the inner wall of the coal gas pipeline;The diffusion valve is arranged at the connecting place of riser and downcomer, for balancing the pressure in coal gas pipeline, prevent pressure from suddenly rising.The realized effect is: CO2 content in coal gas reduces 3.7%, CO content increases 5.1%, and the calorific value of coal gas increases 26%;Increase the outlet angle of coal gas pipeline lead-out pipe, it is favorable for slag iron in coal gas pipeline to flow back into SRV, solve the problem of lead-out pipe accumulated slag iron.

The utility model belongs to the technical field of refractory metal preparation, and particularly relates to a device for preparing refractory metal powder through layered reduction, which comprises a reactor, a heater and a tray, diluted salt and a reducing agent are laid in the reactor, refractory metal oxide raw materials are contained in the tray, and the tray can be submerged in the reducing agent or the diluted salt in a lifting mode. The top of the reactor is connected to vacuum equipment through a vacuumizing pipe; a gas inlet and a gas outlet which are used for introducing inert gas into the reactor and discharging inert gas from the reactor are also formed in the top of the reactor. The device also provides a new preparation mode for tantalum powder, reduction is carried out for a certain time in the upper magnesium melt, the influence of diluted salt in the reduction process is eliminated, and the product structure is not damaged; and then entering a lower layer diluted salt molten salt system, and preserving heat for a period of time, so that the surface activity of tantalum powder particles can be improved, the impurity content is reduced, the growth and sintering of small particles are promoted, and the particle uniformity and pore structure are improved.

This invention relates to the field of database backup and recovery technology, and more particularly to a rapid backup and recovery system for user databases in SaaS website building systems. The system includes a message queue module for maintaining data integrity; an encryption algorithm for generating hash values ​​to verify data integrity; a real-time communication module for updating the data backup status in real time; and an anomaly detection module for detecting and troubleshooting problems in the system. By combining the message queue module with the real-time communication module, this invention effectively improves the efficiency of the user backup and recovery process, enabling real-time monitoring during backup and recovery. Furthermore, the encryption algorithm, by generating hash values, ensures database consistency, which helps prevent errors that may occur during data recovery. Additionally, the encryption algorithm enhances system security, ensuring database security and mitigating potential security risks.

The application belongs to the technical field of mineral processing, and discloses a tin-containing iron ore suspension magnetization roasting treatment method. After dry grinding of tin-containing iron ore, decomposition roasting and magnetization roasting are carried out, efficient and reasonable separation of iron and tin in the tin-containing iron ore is realized, and tin metal can be recycled. The method has the advantages of simple process, high separation efficiency, low cost, environmental friendliness and the like.

The invention discloses an ultrahigh time resolution flow field reconstruction method based on time sequence-space joint coding ViT, belongs to the field of fluid mechanics flow field prediction and reconstruction, and aims to solve the problems of insufficient time sequence feature modeling, limited key region precision and poor dynamic consistency of traditional flow field reconstruction. The method comprises the following steps: firstly, collecting multi-time-period sparse pressure field data, carrying out time sequence construction, and carrying out key region mask weighting preprocessing; constructing a ViT model fusing time sequence-space two-dimensional position coding, and cooperatively extracting time sequence dependence features and space local features of the pressure field; secondly, designing a multi-component loss function containing key region weighted MSE, flow field continuity constraint and structural similarity, and ensuring numerical value consistency, dynamic rationality and visual structural integrity of a reconstructed flow field; and finally, improving the high-frequency flow field feature capture capability through output layer optimization combining hierarchical attention aggregation and convolutional projection. According to the method, complete ultrahigh time resolution flow field data can be reconstructed, and the method is suitable for high-precision flow field prediction and engineering fluid mechanics analysis scenes.

The application discloses a preparation method and application of a low-particle-size platinum-carbon catalyst. The preparation method comprises the following steps: drying a carbon carrier under vacuum conditions, adding the dried carbon carrier into a mixed solvent of ethylene glycol and water, and performing ultrasonic dispersion to obtain a uniform carbon carrier slurry; dissolving a platinum precursor in ethylene glycol, performing ultrasonic dispersion to obtain a platinum precursor solution; adding the platinum precursor solution into the carbon carrier slurry drop by drop, and performing ultrasonic dispersion after dropwise addition is completed; subsequently, adding a sodium hydroxide solution drop by drop, and performing ultrasonic dispersion to obtain a precursor mixed slurry; heating the precursor mixed slurry, and performing heat preservation reaction under magnetic stirring reflux for 1h-3h, and naturally cooling to room temperature to obtain a catalyst mixed liquid; performing solid-liquid separation on the catalyst mixed liquid, washing the solid product, and performing vacuum drying and grinding to obtain the low-particle-size platinum-carbon catalyst. The platinum-carbon catalyst has controllable particle size and can be highly dispersed.

The invention relates to the technical field of radioactive pollution treatment and provides zero-valent iron particles with shells as well as a preparation method and application of the zero-valent iron particles, aiming at solving the problem of low pertechnetate fixing efficiency caused by easy agglomeration and passivation and weak anti-interference capability of traditional nano zero-valent iron in the prior art. The prepared zero-valent iron particles with the shells have the characteristics of excellent dispersity, high reaction activity and high groundwater chemical interference resistance. When the technetium dioxide is applied to treatment of water-soluble technetate, on one hand, the technetate can be reduced into water-insoluble technetium dioxide, and the removal rate of the technetate exceeds 98% within the pH range of 5.0-8.0; on the second aspect, good reduction performance is still kept in a high-organic-matter interference environment; and thirdly, the stability of reducing and fixing technetium dioxide under the anoxic condition can reach 150 days or above, and the problems in the prior art are effectively solved.

The utility model discloses an electric furnace for integrally reducing and separating multiple metals of lead, zinc and iron in slag, which comprises a furnace body, the furnace body is provided with a slag inlet and a slag outlet, and the inner cavity of the furnace body is divided into a lead reducing and separating area, a zinc reducing and separating area and an iron reducing and separating area along the flowing direction of the slag; electrode holes and feeding holes are formed in the top of the furnace body corresponding to the lead reduction separation area, the zinc reduction separation area and the iron reduction separation area; the furnace body is provided with a lead liquid siphon discharge port in the lead reduction separation area, a zinc flue gas discharge port in the furnace body, and an iron liquid discharge port in the iron reduction separation area in the furnace body; a plasma gun is installed on the side wall of the furnace body, and the installation height position of the plasma gun is the height position of the slag surface. According to the utility model, lead, zinc and iron are reduced and separated in one furnace body, different temperature ranges are controlled for each functional area according to the boiling point of metal, unnecessary energy consumption is reduced, and the speed and efficiency of reduction reaction are improved by adopting a mode of combined action of the electrode and plasma electric action and the reducing agent.

The application discloses a kind of metal modified covalent organic framework composite catalytic materials and preparation method thereof, the method is first prepared by solvent thermal method through Schiff base condensation reaction and enol-keto tautomerism β-ketoenamine type DAAQ-TP-COF;With β-ketoenamine type DAAQ-TP-COF and soluble copper salt as raw material, with aliphatic alcohol as solvent, copper ion functionalization Cu-DAAQ-TP-COF catalytic material is prepared by post-modification method.The preparation process of the application is simple, the production cost is low, the obtained Cu-DAAQ-TP-COF catalytic material has the advantages of structural stability, large specific surface area, strong visible light response ability, high carrier separation efficiency and rich catalytic active site.

The present application relates to the field of optical microscopic imaging technology, and provides a three-dimensional differential phase contrast refractive index tomographic reconstruction method, system, device and program, the method comprising: collecting multi-mode intensity data; the multi-mode intensity comprises a three-dimensional intensity image stack and a focus and defocus angle change intensity set; determining a transfer function according to the three-dimensional intensity image stack, and obtaining an initial scattering potential spectrum by using a deconvolution algorithm; based on the focus and defocus angle change intensity set, performing a loop single LED intensity constraint update on the initial scattering potential spectrum to obtain a scattering potential estimate; using the three-dimensional intensity image stack, performing a linear gradient constraint update on the scattering potential estimate, and executing the linear gradient constraint update cyclically until a convergence condition is met, performing a three-dimensional inverse Fourier transform according to the final obtained scattering potential spectrum, and outputting a three-dimensional refractive index distribution result. The present application substantially improves the accuracy and quality of three-dimensional refractive index reconstruction while keeping the advantages of non-interference and label-free imaging and the simplicity of system hardware.

The application belongs to the technical field of water treatment agents, and particularly relates to a multifunctional composite water purifying agent and a preparation method thereof, which comprises the following raw materials in parts by weight: multifunctional water purifying powder 90-100 parts, bentonite 8-10 parts, sodium carboxymethyl cellulose 0.5-1.5 parts, sodium percarbonate 0.5-1 part and sodium citrate 0.5-1 part; the multifunctional water purifying powder comprises core layer material and shell layer slurry; the multifunctional water purifying agent of the application takes the multifunctional water purifying powder with a core-shell structure as a core, cooperates with bentonite, sodium carboxymethyl cellulose, sodium percarbonate and sodium citrate, realizes efficient and synchronous removal of heavy metals, organic matters, colority and microorganisms, and has the advantages of wide spectrum, stability and easy recovery.

The application discloses a process for treating dyeing wastewater by a membrane method, and comprises the following steps: pretreating the dyeing wastewater, including grating, adjusting pool, coagulation and sedimentation, and filtration, to obtain filtered wastewater; the filtered wastewater enters a security filter to be subjected to secondary filtration, to obtain secondary filtered wastewater; the secondary filtered wastewater enters an NXF membrane system, and the wastewater is divided into two streams, one of which is a concentrated solution which does not reach a set concentration, and the other of which is a permeate; the concentrated solution which does not reach the set concentration returns to a front end inlet to be subjected to filtration in the NXF membrane system again; when the concentration reaches the set concentration, the concentrated solution enters a concentration storage tank to be subjected to other treatment; and the permeate enters subsequent treatment. The application aims at solving the technical problem of poor treatment effect of dyeing wastewater.

The application discloses an image processing method and device, electronic equipment and storage medium. Embodiments of the application relate to the technical field of machine learning of artificial intelligence and cloud technology, and can be applied to various scenes such as cloud technology, artificial intelligence, intelligent travel and auxiliary driving. The method comprises the following steps: determining a damaged image with a missing area according to a target image, and the pixel value of a pixel point in the missing area is a target value; inputting the damaged image into a target encoder to obtain an encoding result; inputting the encoding result into a target decoder to obtain a filled image; and performing filling processing on the missing area of the damaged image according to the filled image to obtain a filled image. The target encoder and the target decoder are trained by using a first loss value and a second loss value, so that the filled image obtained according to the target encoder and the target decoder is more real, and the recognition effect of a part detection model obtained by training the filled image is improved.

The invention discloses a Qinghai-Tibet Plateau global climate mode rainfall downscaling method based on double attention, and relates to the technical field of rainfall downscaling, and the method comprises the following steps: obtaining coarse resolution global climate mode CMIP6 rainfall data, high resolution reference rainfall data and multi-source auxiliary data, and carrying out the standardization preprocessing of all data; a generative adversarial network model is constructed, and a generator of the generative adversarial network model adopts a dual attention mechanism embedded with a channel attention module and a space attention module and is connected in series with a dense block to form a feature extraction main body; training the generative adversarial network model by adopting a two-stage sequential downscaling strategy; and inputting to-be-downscaled CMIP6 rainfall data into the final model, and outputting to obtain a high-resolution downscaled rainfall product. According to the method, the generative adversarial network fusing dense connection and a double attention mechanism is combined with the multi-scale discriminator, so that high-precision downscaling of the CMIP6 rainfall data is realized.

The invention provides a Fe-Mn bimetallic loaded supramolecular carbon nitride photocatalyst, a preparation method thereof and application of the Fe-Mn bimetallic loaded supramolecular carbon nitride photocatalyst in uranium-containing wastewater treatment, and belongs to the technical field of radioactive element treatment. According to the catalyst, iron (Fe) and manganese (Mn) are loaded on the surface of a supramolecular carbon nitride material to form a composite material with excellent photocatalytic activity. In the preparation process, firstly, the supramolecular carbon nitride substrate is synthesized through a solvothermal method, then Fe and Mn bimetals are loaded, and the photocatalytic performance of the catalyst is enhanced through calcination and surface modification. In the uranium-containing wastewater treatment process, the photocatalyst can effectively adsorb uranium ions and reduce the uranium ions under the irradiation of visible light, and the uranium removal effect is remarkable. The catalyst not only has a good uranium removal rate (gt; 99%), but also shows excellent ion interference resistance, stability and cyclic utilization.

The application discloses a kind of UN powder's quick preparation method, solve the carbon-thermal reduction-nitriding reaction method in prior art difficult to obtain high-purity UN powder, arc smelting method high cost, long cycle problem.A kind of UN powder's quick preparation method of the application, UO2 powder is reduced into metal uranium using metal reduction method, then using reaction heat makes metal uranium and nitrogen gas nitriding reaction, obtains UN powder.The application is more efficient, the reaction process is faster, more sufficient, UN production cycle is compared with arc smelting method greatly shortened, even shorter than carbon-thermal reduction method, can realize the batch preparation of high-purity UN powder in very short time.

This invention discloses a metal nanocluster composite electrocatalyst, its preparation method, and its application, belonging to the field of electrocatalyst preparation technology. This invention loads atomically precise Cu8 nanoclusters onto a NiFeS support and innovatively applies a reduction potential in an alkaline solution containing nitrate ions for in-situ electrochemical reconstruction. This achieves precise design and optimization of the catalyst's active interface, overcoming the limitation of traditional sulfide materials relying on oxidation conditions to form the active phase. By utilizing the reduction potential to induce surface reconstruction, the composite material is directly transformed into a highly active and stable catalytic interface under reaction conditions. The prepared metal nanocluster composite electrocatalyst exhibits significantly enhanced nitrate reduction performance in alkaline media, not only greatly improving the selectivity and yield of ammonia and effectively suppressing the hydrogen evolution side reaction and the formation of byproducts such as nitrite, but also maintaining excellent structural and catalytic stability at high potentials.

This invention provides a low-temperature sintering bonding method for nano-copper materials. The method includes sintering in a catalyzed formic acid gas atmosphere. During sintering, the temperature is first raised to 80-200℃ and held for 5-10 minutes, then sintered further for 3-30 minutes under a pressure of 0-30 MPa and a temperature of 0-280℃. The formic acid gas is catalyzed using a catalyst film loaded on the surface of a porous heated ceramic sheet. This invention utilizes a nano-film catalyst to catalyze formic acid, enabling low-temperature sintering bonding of nano-copper materials within a specific sintering process window. This method solves the problems of weak mechanical and electrical properties in nano-copper materials. Furthermore, this sintering bonding method exhibits significant reduction effect, is economical and environmentally friendly, and highly efficient.

This invention relates to the field of metal production or refining technology, specifically to a method for preparing composite alkaline pellets with reduced adhesion rate. The method includes the following steps: 1) preparation of homogeneous pellet batching and determination of homogeneous pellet adhesion rate; 2) preparation of composite pellet batching; 3) staged pelletizing; 4) oxidative calcination; and 5) performance testing and qualification judgment of the finished pellets. This method effectively reduces the adhesion rate of composite alkaline pellets, thereby improving the yield of composite alkaline pellets.

This application provides a road network trajectory generation method, apparatus, and storage medium. The method includes: initializing a target sequence; performing a reverse iterative denoising step based on a denoising network trained through a discrete diffusion forward process. The iterative denoising step includes: if the current time step is not 0, inputting the current time step and the corresponding target sequence into the denoising network so that the denoising network outputs probability distribution data of each mask position in the target sequence corresponding to the current time step corresponding to a preset set of road signs; sampling each mask position in the target sequence corresponding to the current time step according to the probability distribution data to obtain the target sequence corresponding to the previous time step, and updating the current time step; if the current time step decreases to 0, determining the target sequence corresponding to the time step as the road network trajectory sequence. This application can improve the topological compliance of the generated trajectory, ensure the rationality of the generated result, avoid quantization errors, and generate high-fidelity trajectory data.

This invention discloses a method for preparing a ruthenium bipyridine-anchored photocatalyst, and also relates to its application in the conversion of biomass-based oil into alkane fuels, belonging to the field of photocatalysis technology. The preparation method involves using a sulfonated semiconductor material in combination with divalent tripyridine ruthenium, wherein the divalent tripyridine ruthenium couples with sulfonic acid groups on the surface of the sulfonated semiconductor through secondary ion exchange to form a ruthenium bipyridine-sulfonic acid ligand structure. The photocatalyst prepared by this invention has the following characteristics: it can significantly improve the separation efficiency of photogenerated carriers, enhance the absorption performance of the catalyst in the visible light band, and achieve comprehensive enhancement of catalytic performance through optimized oxidation and reduction capabilities. The photocatalyst prepared by this invention exhibits excellent light energy utilization efficiency and product yield in the photocatalytic conversion of biomass-based oil into alkane fuels, overcoming the limitations of single photocatalytic materials, and possesses significant technological advancements and broad practical application prospects.