83 results about "Phloroglucinol" patented technology

The invention provides a dye / ion separation membrane with pore diameter and charge coordinated regulation and control as well as a preparation method and application thereof, and belongs to the field of preparation of a double-layer ionic covalent organic framework (COFs) composite membrane. An aromatic polyamide ultrafiltration membrane is used as a base membrane, and a double-layer COFs membrane is constructed on the surface of the aromatic polyamide ultrafiltration membrane through a multi-time interfacial polymerization method. The first layer is a positive charge COFs layer formed by reacting a guanidyl monomer with 1, 3, 5-triformyl phloroglucinol (Tp); and the second layer is a negative charge COFs layer formed by reacting ionic aromatic diamine with Tp. By adjusting the type and concentration of the monomers, the pore diameter and charge distribution of the film layer can be synergistically regulated and controlled, and the double-layer composite film which is stable in structure and orderly stacked is constructed. The obtained membrane has molecular sieve separation and electrostatic regulation functions, can efficiently intercept organic dye molecules in high-salt printing and dyeing wastewater, and has high flux, high selectivity and good chemical stability.

A curcumin nanococrystal composition including curcumin, a coformer, and a stabilizer. The coformer may include at least one of 3,5-dinitrobenzoicacid, gentisic acid, phloroglucinol, 4,4-bipyridine, tartaric acid, citric acid, and gallic acid. The curcumin nanococrystal composition has a particle size less than 10 nm, and the curcumin has a water-solubility between 5 mg / ml and 20 mg / ml.

This invention provides a rapid and visual detection method for D-limonene and its application, belonging to the field of analytical chemistry. The method includes: mixing ethanol and water to form a solvent system, sequentially adding template agents Pluronic P123 and Pluronic F127, phloroglucinol, 1,3,5-trimethylbenzene, and ethylenediamine, and stirring at room temperature until homogeneous; after the reaction is complete, washing, centrifuging, drying, and calcining to obtain DNCzyme; adding TMB, H2O2, and DNCzyme to an acetate-sodium acetate buffer solution HAc-NaAc, and finally adding D-limonene, incubating, and then visually detecting the solution. The colorimetric sensing method for detecting D-limonene provided by this invention is rapid, simple, low-cost, highly sensitive, and selective, and can be visualized using a smartphone.

The present application relates to a kind of high efficiency energy-saving preparation process of phloroglucinol.The preparation process uses phenol as raw material, generates 2,6-dichlorophenol and dichlorophenol isomer through chlorination reaction, then is alkaline hydrolysis and acidification into product phloroglucinol, after the intermediate dichlorophenol is generated in the chlorination reaction of raw material phenol, it is not concentrated and separated, directly add base to carry out alkaline hydrolysis reaction, realize chlorination-alkaline hydrolysis two-step reaction continuous production.The present application uses alkaline hydrolysis reaction to also convert the original dichlorophenol isomer impurity in situ into product phloroglucinol, realizes waste to treasure, improves yield about 8-10%;In the preparation process, 2,6-dichlorophenol intermediate is not separated, it is directly used in the next step alkaline hydrolysis reaction, the operation unit such as the solvent, crystallization, centrifugation, drying, packaging etc. for its concentration replacement is saved, at the same time, the pungent odor generated in the large production process of 2,6-dichlorophenol is fundamentally avoided, and the environmental pollution problem in the production process of phloroglucinol is avoided.

The invention provides an integrated forming method of an MOF / COF membrane, the membrane and mixed gas separation application, and belongs to the technical field of membrane materials, in particular to the integrated forming method of the MOF / COF membrane, which comprises the following steps: S1, mixing 1, 3, 5-triformyl phloroglucinol and octanoic acid to form a solution A; s2, 2, 5-diaminobenzene sulfonic acid and deionized water are mixed, and a solution B is formed; s3, mixing the solution A and the solution B, and reacting to obtain a COF concentrated solution; s4, mixing the COF concentrated solution and the first precursor solution, and reacting to obtain a second precursor solution; and S5, dip-coating a carrier by using the second precursor solution, and reacting the carrier to obtain the MOF / COF membrane. The MOF / COF film is prepared by adopting a one-step method, and the MOF / COF film is uniform in component distribution, free of intercrystalline defects and good in stability and gas separation performance.

This invention belongs to the field of traditional Chinese medicine treatment, specifically relating to an anti-cold and detoxifying capsule pharmaceutical composition, its preparation method, and its application. The composition comprises the following components in parts by weight: 25-35 parts Angelica dahurica, 40-50 parts Scutellaria baicalensis, 2-5 parts flavonoids, 0.5-2 parts Imperatorin, 1-5 parts Artemisia capillaris, 1-5 parts phloroglucinol compounds, and 0.1-0.5 parts organic acids. The component-based composition provided by this invention has a good effect in preventing and treating wind-heat colds, and the components exhibit good synergistic effects.

The invention relates to a preparation method and application of a sulfonated covalent organic framework modified perfluorinated sulfonic acid resin composite proton exchange membrane, and the sulfonated covalent organic framework modified perfluorinated sulfonic acid resin composite proton exchange membrane is prepared from the following raw materials: perfluorinated sulfonic acid resin, 2, 4, 6-triformyl phloroglucinol and 2, 5-diaminobenzene sulfonic acid. The sulfonated covalent organic framework in the sulfonated covalent organic framework modified perfluorosulfonic acid resin composite proton exchange membrane has a rigid framework, and has relatively strong intermolecular interaction with perfluorosulfonic acid resin, so that the swelling problem can be effectively relieved while the hydrophilicity of the proton exchange membrane is improved; rich sulfonic acid groups in the sulfonated covalent organic framework structure can be used as additional proton transmission sites, so that the proton conductivity, the electrochemical performance, the mechanical strength, the antioxidant stability and the thermal stability of the composite membrane are improved.

The invention relates to phloroglucinol meroterpenoid compounds Hypercm A and B and a preparation method and application thereof, and belongs to the field of medical chemistry, the phloroglucinol meroterpenoid compounds Hypercm A and B are extracted and separated from Hypericum acalyx branches and leaves for the first time, and the structural formulas of the phloroglucinol meroterpenoid compounds Hypercm A and B are formula (I) and formula (II). The phloroglucinol meroterpenoids Hypericmoses A and B and pharmaceutically acceptable auxiliary materials have the advantages that the phloroglucinol meroterpenoids Hypericmoses A and B have obvious inhibition effects on HepG2 cells induced by oleic acid (OA) and have application potential in the field of lipid-lowering medicines, and the invention further relates to a pharmaceutical composition which comprises the phloroglucinol meroterpenoids Hypericmoses A and B and pharmaceutically acceptable auxiliary materials and has lipid-lowering effects.

The invention discloses a method for inducing dispersion of a two-dimensional covalent organic framework through nanocellulose, an obtained suspension and application, and belongs to the field of two-dimensional covalent organic framework disperse.The method comprises the steps that 2, 3, 5-trialdehyde phloroglucinol and 2, 5-diaminobenzene sulfonic acid are dissolved in dimethyl sulfoxide, then standing is conducted, then dimethyl sulfoxide and small molecule by-products are removed, and the nanocellulose-induced two-dimensional covalent organic framework is obtained; a suspension of the 2D COFs nanosheets connected with the imine bonds is obtained; the preparation method comprises the following steps: uniformly mixing an imine bond connected 2D COFs nanosheet suspension and a sulfonated nano-cellulose suspension to obtain a sulfonated nano-cellulose / imine bond connected 2D COFs nanosheet suspension, further forming by utilizing a vacuum suction filtration mode, and then performing vacuum drying to obtain the nano-cellulose-based composite membrane with ultrahigh proton conductivity. Through hydrogen-bond interaction, electrostatic interaction, pi-pi stacking and Van der Waals force interface synergistic effect, a multi-dimensional proton transport network is constructed, and a proton migration energy barrier is effectively reduced.

The invention discloses a covalent organic framework membrane with an asymmetric structure as well as a preparation method and application thereof, and the preparation method comprises the following steps: preparing a trialdehyde phloroglucinol solution as an aldehyde solution, preparing a 2, 5-diaminobenzene sulfonic acid solution as an amine solution, and dripping the aldehyde solution into the amine solution under stirring to obtain a COF nanosheet mixed solution; diluting with deionized water to obtain a diluent, and dialyzing to obtain a COF nanosheet dispersion liquid; adding the COF nanosheet dispersion liquid into ethanol to obtain a second dispersion liquid; carrying out vacuum filtration on the second dispersion liquid to deposit the COF nanosheets on the nylon base membrane, and drying to obtain a Primary COF membrane; carrying out vacuum filtration on a gamma-cyclodextrin aqueous solution, depositing gamma-cyclodextrin on a Primary COF membrane, and drying to obtain a covalent organic framework membrane with an asymmetric structure; through a mixed solution nanofiltration test experiment, the membrane disclosed by the invention has the capability of separating dye molecules and salt ions in salt-containing wastewater or dye-containing wastewater.

The application belongs to the technical field of medicines, and specifically discloses an anti-depression m-hydroxybenzoic acid compound and a preparation method and application thereof; the m-hydroxybenzoic acid compound Hyperioxides A-F provided by the application has not been reported; the six compounds have good anti-depression effects, and further research shows that the compounds Hyperioxide A, Hyperioxide D, Hyperioxide E and Hyperioxide F have significant protective effects on SH-SY5Y cells induced by corticosterone, and are superior to positive drugs fluoxetine and Luoyoutei, and can be used for developing drugs for treating depression.

Methods are provided for the synthesis of cannabinoids, including cannabidiol (CBD), cannabinol (CBN), cannabichromene (CBC), cannabidiolic acid (CBDA), cannabigerol (CBG), cannabigerolic acid (CBGA), cannabidivarin (CBDV), cannabidibutol (CBD-C4), dihydrocannabidiol (DCBD), tetrahydrocannabivarin (THCV), analogs thereof, and precursors to the foregoing. One method employs phloroglucinol or a phloroglucinol analog as a starting material. The syntheses are stereospecific, efficient, selective, and cost-effective, with little or no potential for generation of THC ((−)-trans-Δ9-tetrahydro-cannabinol) or any other psychoactive side product. Telescoped syntheses are also provided, as are new cannabinoids, pharmaceutical formulations, and methods of use.

This invention provides methods for the synthesis of cannabidiol and its analogues, as well as related compounds, formulations, and methods of use. [Solution] Methods are provided for the synthesis of oliveitol, oliveitol analogs, cannabidiol (CBD), CBD analogs, and other cannabinoids. One method uses phloroglucinol or phloroglucinol analogs as starting materials. The synthesis is stereospecific, efficient, selective, cost-effective, and THC((-)-trans-Δ 9 There is little to no possibility of generating (tetrahydro-cannabinol) or any other psychoactive by-products. Shortened synthesis is also provided, as well as new cannabinoids, pharmaceutical formulations, and methods of use.

This invention provides a method for preparing carbon quantum dots, their application in the detection of 4-nitrophenol and curcumin, a concentration detection method, and a visualization detection method. The method involves mixing tris(hydroxymethyl)aminomethane and phloroglucinol in a solvent, followed by heating in a reaction vessel to obtain the carbon quantum dots. This invention provides a simple and low-cost method for preparing carbon quantum dots, enabling rapid and low-cost detection of 4-NP and curcumin, thus meeting the detection needs for both.

The application relates to the technical field of natural medicines, and discloses a polycyclic multi-isopentenyl phloroglucinol compound as well as a preparation method and application thereof. The polycyclic multi-isopentenyl phloroglucinol compound is a compound shown in formula I. The polycyclic multi-isopentenyl phloroglucinol compound has significant reverse tumor drug resistance activity, has great potential application value, and provides a new thought and way for development of a new type of preparation for preventing or treating tumors.

The invention discloses a magnetic amide functionalized covalent organic framework material and a preparation method and application thereof, the preparation method comprises the following steps: S1, uniformly dispersing Fe3O4 nanoparticles and ammonia water, adding tetraethyl orthosilicate, and reacting; s2, a product obtained in the step S1 and 3-aminopropyltriethoxysilane are uniformly dispersed and subjected to a reaction, and aminated magnetic nanoparticles Fe3O4 (at) SiO2-NH2 are obtained; and S3, uniformly dispersing the Fe3O4 (at) SiO2-NH2 and trialdehyde phloroglucinol in a mixed solution of o-dichlorobenzene and N, N-dimethylformamide, adding 4, 4 '-diaminobenzanilide, uniformly mixing, then adding an acetic acid solution, and reacting at the temperature of 100-120 DEG C for 3-5 days to obtain the magnetic covalent organic framework Fe3O4 (at) Am-COFs material. The Fe3O4atAm-COFs prepared by the preparation method disclosed by the invention has a large specific surface area, rapid magnetic separation capability and abundant active sites, so that the adsorption performance of the material on a target object is effectively improved.

The application discloses application of a zwitterionic covalent organic framework solid-phase microextraction fiber in neurotransmitter analysis, wherein the zwitterionic covalent organic framework material is prepared by Schiff base reaction condensation with ethidium bromide, 2,5-diaminobenzoic acid and triformylphloroglucin as functional monomers and acetic acid as a catalyst to obtain the zwitterionic covalent organic framework material. The coating of the zwitterionic covalent organic framework solid-phase microextraction fiber prepared in the application has good hydrophilicity, and the structure is rich in functional groups such as hydroxyl groups, carboxyl groups, phenyl groups and quaternary ammonium groups, which can interact with target analytes through ion exchange, pi-pi stacking, hydrogen bonding and hydrophilic-hydrophobic interaction, thereby showing strong specific adsorption and high enrichment capacity for neurotransmitters. The zwitterionic covalent organic framework solid-phase microextraction fiber prepared in the application realizes efficient enrichment and extraction analysis of neurotransmitters with different polarities in complex biological sample matrices.

The invention discloses an aliphatic beta-keto-enamine bond covalent organic framework material based on pyrrolidine catalytic synthesis, the skeleton structure of the covalent organic framework material comprises a beta-keto-enamine bond formed by condensation reaction of 1, 3, 5-trialdehyde phloroglucinol and an aliphatic ammonia monomer, and the preparation method comprises the following steps: adding 1, 3, 5-trialdehyde phloroglucinol and an aliphatic amine monomer into a reaction kettle, and reacting to obtain the covalent organic framework material. The preparation method comprises the following steps: mixing 1, 3, 5-trialdehyde phloroglucinol, an aliphatic ammonia monomer, a solvent and a catalyst for reaction, washing and drying to obtain the covalent organic framework material containing the beta keto-enamine bond. According to the invention, pyrrolidine is adopted as a high-efficiency catalyst and is matched with a green mixed solvent system with specific composition, so that ordered connection of flexible aliphatic ammonia monomers is effectively guided, the problem that low polymers are easy to generate under the catalysis of traditional acetic acid is overcome, and the crystallization quality of the material is remarkably improved.

This application relates to the field of materials technology, providing a chitosan-polyacrylonitrile composite material, its preparation method, and its application. The general structural formula of the chitosan-polyacrylonitrile composite material is as follows: This application uses inexpensive chitosan and polyacrylonitrile fiber as raw materials to develop a novel chitosan-polyacrylonitrile composite material, overcoming the solubility limitation of chitosan under acidic conditions and simultaneously enhancing its adsorption capacity for phenolic compounds and heavy metals. It exhibits higher selectivity for target pollutants, especially among eight different phenolic compounds (phenol, 4-methylphenol, 4-chlorophenol, 4-nitrophenol, hydroquinone, catechol, resorcinol, and phloroglucinol), showing excellent adsorption performance for hydroquinone, with an adsorption capacity as high as 316.84 mg·g⁻¹. ‑1 Furthermore, this application addresses the soft metal ion Hg. 2+ Its adsorption capacity is outstanding, with a maximum adsorption capacity of 237.18 mg·g⁻¹. ‑1 .

This application belongs to the technical field of mycotoxin detection technology, specifically relating to a Raman beacon COF nanoflower, its preparation method, and its application. The method involves dissolving trialdehyde phloroglucinol, o-toluidine, and polyvinylpyrrolidone in methanol, ultrasonically mixing, adding a catalyst for reaction, adding benzaldehyde after the reaction, allowing the mixture to stand, centrifuging, washing, and redissolving to obtain TpDBD-COF nanoflowers. These nanoflowers are then dissolved in a mixed solution of ethanol and water, followed by the addition of AgNO3 and ultrasonic adsorption. After adsorption, trisodium citrate is added for heating reaction, centrifuging, washing, and redissolving to obtain the Raman beacon COF nanoflowers. The COF nanoflowers prepared by this invention exhibit a highly enhanced and stable Raman signal, and their surface groups have the advantage of being directly used for biomolecule coupling, specifically for the sensitive detection of T-2 toxin in samples.

The invention discloses a cyclodextrin-based antibacterial inclusion compound containing phloretin and a preparation method of the cyclodextrin-based antibacterial inclusion compound, and belongs to the technical field of antibacterial compositions.The preparation method comprises the steps that hydroxypropyl-beta-cyclodextrin is used as a ligand, under the ultrasonic assistance and potassium ion anchoring action, hydroxypropyl-beta-cyclodextrin MOF composite powder is prepared, and the cyclodextrin-based antibacterial inclusion compound containing phloretin is prepared; the preparation method comprises the following steps: dispersing hydroxypropyl-beta-cyclodextrin MOF composite powder with deionized water to obtain a nano-carrier stock solution, adding an inclusion stock solution containing phloretin, eugenol and thymol into the nano-carrier stock solution, carrying out stirring inclusion, carrying out centrifugal filtration, and drying a precipitate to obtain a cyclodextrin-based antibacterial inclusion compound containing phloretin; hP-beta-CD with the substitution degree of 3.15-6.98 is selected as a raw material, the hydrophobicity and hydrophilicity of a cavity of the HP-beta-CD can be balanced, and the prepared hydroxypropyl-beta-cyclodextrin MOF composite powder has a better inclusion effect on antibacterial inclusions.

This invention belongs to the field of antibacterial chemical drug technology, specifically relating to a resorcinol compound, its preparation method, and its application. Using resorcinol as the parent core, this invention introduces acyl side chains with different substituents at the 2 and 4 positions of the benzene ring of resorcinol, designing and synthesizing resorcinol compounds with novel structures. Experiments have demonstrated that these resorcinol compounds exhibit significant antibacterial activity against Gram-positive bacteria. Some of these compounds achieve antibacterial effects that are 2 to 4 times stronger than the positive control drug vancomycin. They can be used as novel antibacterial drugs to treat diseases caused by drug-resistant bacteria, possessing significant medicinal value and broad application prospects.

The application provides a method and equipment for extracting alkali metal from lithium precipitation waste. In the field of alkali metal extraction, 0.0003 mol of ethidium bromide and 0.0002 mol of 1,3,5-triformylphloroglucinol are added in 7.5 mL of dimethyl sulfoxide, respectively, and ultrasonic treatment is carried out for 10 min to obtain an aldehyde monomer solution and an amine monomer solution; S2: the aldehyde monomer solution is slowly added to the amine monomer solution and stirred until it becomes dark red, and then it is left to stand for 24 h to obtain a porous organic framework nanosheet. The artificial cation-chloride co-transporter membrane has weak surface charge, a narrow-pore porous organic framework and high selectivity, can identify basic ions and halogen ions Cl- and reject other cations and anions, and has size-induced ion selectivity: Cl-≈K+>Na+>Li+>>Ca2+>Mg2+, has low permeability to Rb and Cs, uses the rich chloride ions in the lithium precipitation mother liquor to improve lithium ion permeability and lithium extraction performance, and is not prone to produce too much waste liquid, has good selectivity, a fast process and low cost.

This invention relates to the field of sound-absorbing materials technology, and more particularly to a COF aerogel-fabric composite material, its preparation method, and its applications. The COF aerogel-fabric composite material provided by this invention comprises a spacer fabric and COF aerogel filling the gaps in the spacer fabric; the COF aerogel is formed by stacking COF sheets of different sizes; the COF aerogel contains micron-sized macropores and nano-sized micropores formed by the COF itself; the COF is formed by covalently linking trialdehyde phloroglucinol monomer and 4,4-diaminostilbene-2,2-disulfonic acid monomer. The composite material provided by this invention exhibits a high sound absorption coefficient across the entire frequency range, with a high and stable sound absorption coefficient in the high-frequency region, and also shows better sound absorption performance in the low-frequency region compared to other sound-absorbing materials.

The invention relates to the technical field of organic polymers, in particular to a preparation method of a novel porous organic polymer and application of the novel porous organic polymer in an aqueous zinc ion battery, and the preparation method comprises the following preparation steps: S1, mixing 3, 3-diamino-[1, 1-biphenyl]-4, 4-diol and p-toluenesulfonic acid in a mortar, adding deionized water, and uniformly mixing; s2, adding 1.57 to 1.6 parts of 2, 4, 6-triformyl phloroglucinol, and continuously grinding to obtain white gray powder; and S3, heating the white gray powder under a closed condition, washing, and drying to obtain the novel porous organic polymer. The zinc ion battery prepared from the novel porous organic polymer has high specific capacity and cycle retention rate, the internal resistance of the battery is reduced, the polarization phenomenon is weakened, and the ionic conductivity is improved. Meanwhile, the raw materials used in the method are wide in source and low in price, no toxic solvent is needed in the preparation process, the green chemistry concept is met, and the method has good industrialization prospects.

The present invention relates to a mutant polypeptide comprising an amino acid sequence of phloroglucinol synthase having at least 80% identity with the amino acid sequence of tsukamurella pneumoniae phloroglucinol synthase as shown in SEQ ID NO: 1, with one or more substitutions of one or more amino acid residues. The invention also relates to a nucleic acid molecule encoding the mutant polypeptide, as well as a vector and a host cell comprising the nucleic acid molecule. The invention also relates to a method for producing phloroglucinol.

This invention belongs to the field of natural and chemical medicine technology, and discloses two types of *Symplocos edulis* (a type of plant) from the genus *Symplocos*. Bag Philippians The resorcinol compounds were isolated from [the organism]. The structures of the resorcinol compounds are shown in formula (I) or formula (II). The resorcinol compounds of this invention exhibit significant inhibitory effects on respiratory syncytial virus (RSV) and herpes simplex virus (HSV) even at low concentrations, and show low cytotoxicity and high selectivity, demonstrating promising applications in antiviral drugs and medications for treating diseases caused by RSV and HSV infections.

This invention relates to a polyisoprene-based phloroglucinol compound, its preparation method, and its applications, belonging to the field of pharmaceutical technology. The structural formula of the compound is shown below. The preparation method involves extracting the fruit of *Garcinia macrocarpa* in an aqueous organic solvent solution, followed by extraction with petroleum ether and dichloromethane, and then purifying the compound using silica gel column chromatography, ODS column chromatography, Sephadex LH-20 gel column chromatography, and semi-preparative high-performance liquid chromatography. The above method is simple and easy to implement, and the resulting compound has a novel structure with a [2,4,1]nonane core structure. It can promote the secretion of insulin in palmitic acid-induced pancreatic β-cells, showing promise for the preparation of drugs for the prevention and treatment of hyperglycemia.

The invention belongs to the technical field of environmental analysis chemistry and new material preparation, and particularly relates to a sulfuryl-containing covalent organic framework material as well as a preparation method and application thereof. The sulfuryl-containing covalent organic framework material (TpSD) is shown in the following formula I. The material disclosed by the invention is prepared from 1, 3, 5-trialdehyde phloroglucinol and 4, 4 '-diaminodiphenyl sulfone. The material is novel in structure, and shows the characteristics of large specific surface area, regular pore structure and high stability. In addition, a target object and sulfuryl in the material can form a hydrogen bond, so that the adsorption effect is further enhanced. The material can be applied to quantitative separation and enrichment of tetrabromobisphenol S derivatives in environmental water samples, can solve the problems of complex matrix interference and low sensitivity of detection instruments during analysis of trace organic matters in current environmental water samples, has stable properties, and can be reused.

The application discloses a light-cured resin based on vegetable oil and phloroglucinol and a preparation method and application thereof. The light-cured resin based on vegetable oil and phloroglucinol is prepared through the following steps: S1, hydrolyzing vegetable oil to obtain vegetable oil acid; S2, mixing the vegetable oil acid, phloroglucinol, a catalyst, an additive and an organic solvent, and reacting for 1-5 hours to obtain a fatty acid phenyl ester; S3, mixing the fatty acid phenyl ester, a peroxide and an organic solvent, and reacting for 20-30 hours to obtain an epoxy fatty acid phenyl ester; S4, reacting the epoxy fatty acid phenyl ester, an acrylic compound, a catalyst and a polymerization inhibitor at 100-120 DEG C for 8-12 hours to obtain a vegetable oil-based acrylic ester prepolymer; and S5, adding dilute monomers and a photoinitiator to the vegetable oil-based acrylic ester prepolymer and stirring to obtain the light-cured resin. The light-cured resin has excellent thermal and mechanical properties, and has the advantages of fast curing speed, low penetration depth and small volume shrinkage.