The invention discloses a method for preparing polystyrene/conductive polymer composite hollow microspheres, which comprises the following steps of: adding aniline or pyrrole and acid or mixture thereof into polystyrene emulsion under the protection of inert gas, stirring the obtained mixture for at least 10 minutes, and then adding an initiator into the mixture to perform polymerization, whereinthe molar ratio of the aniline or the pyrrole to the acid is 0.2 to 0.8, the weight ratio of the aniline or the pyrrole to the polystyrene is 0.1 to 1.0, and the initiator is ammonium persulfate, potassium persulfate, iron trichloride or ferrous sulfate heptahydrate/ hydrogen peroxide. Different from the traditional method for preparing the hollow polymer microspheres, the method does not need high-temperature calcination or solvent denucleation treatment and can prepare the polymer composite hollow microspheres by one step, and the microspheres have good appearance and monodispersity. The method is simple, has a few operation steps, and is easy for subsequent treatment; and because the used solvent is a green solvent, the method is safe and reliable, and has low cost.