Compound coal tar hydrogenation catalyst and preparation method thereof

Abstract

The invention relates to a compound coal tar hydrogenation catalyst and a preparation method thereof. The catalyst comprises a high-activity component of water-soluble salts of molybdenum, nickel, cobalt or tungsten and comprises a low-activity component of iron oxide ore or iron sulfide ore, wherein the mass ratio of the metals in the high-activity component to the metals in the low-activity component is 1:1,000 to 1:10; iron accounts for more than or equal to 40 weight percent of the ore; and water accounts for less than 2 weight percent of the catalyst. The catalyst is used for the coal tar hydrocracking technical process in a suspension bed, has higher hydrogenation activity and the lightweight oil yield of over 94 percent, and can be recycled; the preparation and use cost of the catalyst can be greatly reduced, the consumption of the catalyst is reduced in the process, the coke deposition of the reaction system is avoided simultaneously and the operation cycle is prolonged.

Description

technical field [0001] The present invention relates to a catalyst for the hydrogenation process of coal tar, in particular to a composite coal tar hydrogenation catalyst for producing engine fuel and / or chemical raw materials through hydrogenation and cracking reactions using coal tar as a raw material and its preparation method. Background technique [0002] Coal tar is an important by-product in the coal pyrolysis and carbonization process. It is a complex mixture of various substances. According to the different coal pyrolysis and carbonization temperatures and process methods, coal tar can be divided into low-temperature coal tar, medium-temperature coal tar and high-temperature coal. Tar, its composition varies greatly. [0003] At present, the conventional processing process of coal tar in my country is to cut various fractions concentrated in components through pretreatment distillation, and then use physical or chemical methods (such as acid-base washing, distillat...

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Problems solved by technology

This makes coal tar have the problem of rapid coking and deactivation of the catalyst and short service life when using conventional petroleum hydrogenation catalysts and processes

[0005] In the field of petroleum processing, many heavy oil suspension bed hydrogenation catalysts have been developed. Chinese patents CN1132910C, CN1133727C, and CN1107712C disclose oil-soluble suspension bed hydrogenation catalysts. Although these catalysts have good dispersibility, there are raw materials Disadvantages such as high price and high catalyst preparation cost

[0006] Chinese patents CN1952064A, CN1233798C, CN1243082C, CN1050151C, CN1133725C, CN1482214A, US4637871, US5039392 etc. have proposed the use method of water-soluble dispersed catalyst, the advantage of this class method is that the dispersibility of catalyst active component is good, and its weak point is in During the use process, it is necessary to remove a large amount of water brought in by the catalyst, which increases the dehydration steps and costs

[0008] Coal tar contains a large amount of heteroatoms such as sulfur, nitrogen, oxygen, and polycyclic aromatic hydrocarbons, colloids, and asphaltenes. Its cracking performance is poor, and it is easy to polycondensate under high-temperature hydrogenation reaction conditions to form macromolecular coke. The active components are deactivated and the reaction system is coked. Therefore, if conventional hydrogenation technology is used to process coal tar to produce light engine fuel and / or chemical raw materials, there will be problems such as coking deposition in the reaction system and short service life of the catalyst.

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