The invention discloses a high-efficiency clean low-carbon coal graded utilization method and a device thereof. The invention aims at realizing coal graded conversion and high-efficiency clean utilization. With the method and the device, fuel (especially solid fuel and coal powder) high-efficiency utilization and high-concentration CO2 enrichment can be ensured; fuel comprehensive utilization value can be improved; poly-generation of electricity, gas, and tar can be realized; and the discharge of CO2 and other pollutants (such as NOx and SOx) can be reduced. According to the method provided by the invention, a coal crude product processing (coal pyrolysis) process and a coal combustion (chemical chain oxygen decoupling) process are coupled. The device mainly comprises a coal feeder, a pyrolyzer reactor, a cyclone separator, a primary cooler, a secondary cooler, a tar collector, a fuel reactor, a mobile sealing valve, an air reactor, a condenser, a coal dust collector, and an oxygen carrier collector. The device and the method are suitable for various solid fuels such as petroleum coke, biomass, municipal solid waste, and sludge, and different coal types.