323 results about "Fluidized bed gasifier" patented technology

The invention provides systems and methods for converting biomass into syngas using a pressurized multi-stage progressively expanding fluidized bed gasifier to eliminate or reduce the formation of methane, volatiles such as BTX, and tars. The gasifier may include a reactive stage that may receive a biomass feed through a feed line and oxygen through an oxygen feed line. The gasifier may also include a fluidized bed section that may be configured to receive the reaction products from the first stage, mix them and perform fluidized bed activity. A gasifier may also have a disengagement section that may be configured to separate fluidized media and particulate matter from syngas product. A gasification system may also include oxyblown catalytic autothermal reactor and a cryogenic air separation unit.

The invention discloses a three-fluidized-bed solid heat carrier coal pyrolysis, gasification and combustion cascade utilization method. The method comprises the following steps of: mixing coal and high temperature circulating ash serving as a solid heat carrier in a fluidized bed pyrolysis furnace, pyrolyzing to separate out volatile, cooling and separating the volatile to obtain tar and pyrolysis gas, conveying pyrolysis semi-coke generated by pyrolyzing the coal to a fluidized bed gasification furnace, performing gasification reaction by using water vapor and O2 as gasification agents to prepare synthesis gas, conveying the semi-coke which is incompletely gasified in the gasification furnace to a circulating fluidized bed combustion furnace, blowing air for the conventional combustion or blowing O2/CO2 for oxygen-enriched combustion, heating the circulating ash serving as the solid heat carrier, and producing gasification agent vapor required by the gasification furnace by using high temperature flue gas generated by combustion. The method has the advantages that: the tar, the pyrolysis gas and the synthesis gas are co-produced through coal pyrolysis, gasification and combustion cascade utilization, the gasification condition of the semi-coke is reduced, and good economic benefits and social benefits are achieved.

The present invention relates to energy source apparatus, and is one kind of simple biomass-coal mixture gasifying method and apparatus capable of producing high heat value gas and no tar. Inside fluidized bed gasifying furnace, biomass and coal as gasified material is burnt and gasified intermittently. In the burning stage, coal and blast are supplied to the furnace, so that coal is burnt in fluidizing state to produce heat; in the gasifying stage, vapor and biomass are supplied to the furnace, so that the high temperature carbon material layer produces water gas reaction in fluidizing state and biomass is dry distilled and pyrolyzed at high temperature to produce high heat value gas, which is cooled and made to enter the gas purifying system. By combining of biomass and coal with different advantages, the present invention produces high heat value fuel gas without tar.

The invention has its object to arbitrarily adjust an amount of particles to be circulated without changing a flow rate of a gasification agent to thereby enhance gasification efficiency in a fluidized bed gasification furnace.

The fluidized bed gasification furnace 107 comprises first and second chambers 113 and 114 in communication with each other in a fluidized bed 105. The hot particles 102 separated in the separator 104 and raw material M are introduced into the first chamber 113. The particles 102 introduced from the first chamber 113 through interior in the fluidized bed 105 to the second chamber 114 are supplied in an overflow manner to the fluidized bed combustion furnace 100. A first pressure controller 121 is provided to control the resultant gas induction means 116 such that the pressure in the first chamber 113 is kept to preset pressure 120; and a second pressure controller 124 is provided to control the exhaust gas induction means 118 such that difference between pressure in the first and second chambers 113 and 114 is equal to the preset differential pressure 123, so that the fluidized bed 105 in the first chamber 113 is controlled in height to control an amount of particles 102 to be circulated.

The invention discloses an IGCC (Integrated Gasification Combined Cycle) poly-generation device and method based on pyrolysis and gasification of low metamorphic powdered coal. The device comprises a pyrolysis/gasification system, a coal gas purifying system, a circulating fluidized bed boiler and a gas turbine/steam turbine system. The method comprises the steps as follows: carrying out low temperature pyrolysis and partial air gasification on the low metamorphic powdered coal, grading and converting into coal gas, tar and semi-coke, and carrying out the IGCC poly-generation process by the semi-coke and the coal gas with high calorific value. According to the device and the method, the tar, sulphur and other chemical products can be produced while clean power is generated, the products obtained by grading and converting the low metamorphic powdered coal are fully utilized, the material conversion and energy conversion functions are integrated, the resource utilization rate is high, and the heat energy efficiency is high. The device and method are suitable for the low metamorphic powdered coal such as peat, brown coal, jet coal, non-sticking coal and the like, and the particle size of raw materials is 0-8 mm. The high-temperature coal gas generated in a fluidized bed gasification furnace contains a large amount of hydrogen, so that the powdered coal can be subjected to hydropyrolysis, and the tar recovery rate can reach more than 12%.

The invention provides a system and a method for gasification melting of household refuse and treatment of household refuse leachate. The system comprises a household refuse pretreatment system, a refuse energy recovering system and a refuse leachate concentration and flue gas treatment system, wherein the household refuse pretreatment system comprises a household refuse stock bin, a household refuse crusher, a household refuse sieving machine and a household refuse extrusion dehydrator which are sequentially connected; the refuse energy recovering system comprises a fluidized-bed gasifier, a cyclone melting furnace, a waste heat boiler and an air-supplying and oxygen-enriching system matched with the fluidized-bed gasifier, the cyclone melting furnace and the waste heat boiler; the refuse leachate concentration and flue gas treatment system comprises a leachate concentrating system, a flue gas purifying device and a wastewater treatment device. According to the system, the heat value of the refuge is increased by a pretreatment process; an oxygen-enriching gasifier and a high-temperature cyclone melting furnace technology are used as a recovering system of refuge energy; the refuge leachate is concentrated by using medium-temperature flue gas exhausted by the waste heat boiler; the concentrated leachate is sprayed into the high-temperature cyclone furnace for harmless treatment.

A method and apparatus for gasifying a plasma and calcium oxide cooperating with gasified rubbish biomass, relating to the rubbish processing and new energy resource field, characterized in that, the rubbish biomass is fed into a suspending fluidized bed thermal decomposition furnace, meanwhile, the heated fluidization material is circularly fed into the thermal decomposition furnace and is mixed with the raw materials to transfer heat, so that the rubbish biomass raw material is heated to decompose, and then the thermal decomposed gas and solid carbocoal is fed into a turbulent fluidized bed gasification furnace, the water vapor is heated over 3100 DEG C and is sprayed into the gasification furnace by a plasma spray gun, the water vapor is reacted with the solid carbocoal to generate carbon monoxide and hydrogen gas, the required heat of the gasification reaction in the gasification furnace can be provided by the plasma spray gun and an exothermal reaction of the calcium oxide absorbing the carbon dioxide. According to the invention, synthesis gas can be produced by rubbish and biomass raw materials under the condition without air or oxygen, the main ingredients of the synthesis gas are hydrogen gas and carbon monoxide which can be directly used for city gas or producing hydrogen gas, methanol and dimethyl ether and so on clean energies.

The invention relates to a method and a device for coupling gasification of a fixed bed and a fluid bed, wherein the method comprises the following steps: 1) connecting the fluidized bed gasifier with the top of a fixed bed gasifier through a hollow throat; 2) adding a gasification raw material with the particle size of between 10 and 50 millimeters to the fixed bed gasifier from the upper part of the fixed bed gasifier, and inputting a gasification agent to the fixed bed gasifier from the lower part of the fixed bed gasifier simultaneously; 3) raising coal gas generated through gasification reaction and introducing the coal gas into the fluidized bed gasifier through the hollow throat; 4) adding the gasification raw material with the particle size of less than 10 millimeters to the fluidized bed gasifier from a dense phase zone of the fluidized bed gasifier, and inputting water vapor and pure oxygen or enriched oxygen to the fluidized bed gasifier from the lower part thereof simultaneously; and 5) exhausting coal gas generated through the mixing gasification of the high temperature coal gas, the gasification raw materials, the water vapor and the pure oxygen or the enriched oxygen in the fluidized bed gasifier from a coal gas outlet of the fluidized bed gasifier. The method and the device have the advantages of simplified gas producing process, short flow, compact equipment, small occupied area, reduced amount of sewage emission, low cost and the like, and can be widely applied to medium and small-sized coal chemical enterprises in China.

The invention discloses a second-level high-temperature gasification incineration system for rubbish. The second-level high-temperature gasification incineration system comprises a fluidized bed gasification furnace and an incinerator. The fluidized bed gasification furnace comprises a gasified gas outlet formed in the top wall of a fluidized bed furnace body, a primary air inlet formed in the bottom of the fluidized bed furnace body, a first-level rubbish inlet and a first-level auxiliary fuel inlet. The interior of the fluidized bed furnace body is divided into a gasification room and an air room through an air distribution plate. The incinerator comprises a second-level rubbish and second-level auxiliary fuel feeding opening formed in the top wall of an incinerator body, a high-temperature smoke outlet formed in the side wall of the incinerator body, a first burning spray pipe arranged in the incinerator body and a secondary air inlet formed in the bottom wall of the incinerator body. The gasified gas outlet of the fluidized bed furnace body is communicated with the first burning spray pipe through a pipeline, and therefore gasified gas generated by first-level rubbish and first-level auxiliary fuel in the gasification room is conveyed into the incinerator, and second-level rubbish from the second-level feeding opening is incinerated at a high temperature under the assistance of second-level auxiliary fuel.

The invention belongs to the field of energy utilization of a solid fuel, and relates to a method and gasifier for jet/preoxidation/pyrolysis/fluidized bed gasification of a carbon-containing solid fuel. The method provided by the invention comprises steps as follows: by using oxygen-containing gasifying agent gas as a carrier, carbon-containing solid fuel particles are fed into a fluidized bed gasification furnace in a high-speed jet mode, so that the fuel particles are previously subjected to oxidation and pyrolysis in the high-speed jet and are highly dispersed; and the carbon-containing solid fuel particles are subjected to intensified pyrolysis in a dilute-phase region of the fluidized bed gasification furnace, and then, the formed semicokes of the carbon-containing solid fuel particles are moved into a dense-phase bed of the fluidized bed gasification furnace to participate in burning gasification reaction so as to generate crude gas or synthetic gas accompanied with fine semicoke particles and hot ash of the carbon-containing solid fuel. The method provided by the invention can be widely applied to various kinds of coal. The body of the fluidized bed gasification furnace ofthe jet/preoxidation/pyrolysis/fluidized bed gasification device is provided with fuel nozzles which are arranged at the circumference of the fluidized bed gasification furnace in an opposition, diagonal opposition or tangential circle mode.

A second stage gasification unit in a staged gasification integrated process flow scheme and operating methods are disclosed to gasify a wide range of low reactivity fuels. The inclusion of second stage gasification unit operating at high temperatures closer to ash fusion temperatures in the bed provides sufficient flexibility in unit configurations, operating conditions and methods to achieve an overall carbon conversion of over 95% for low reactivity materials such as bituminous and anthracite coals, petroleum residues and coke. The second stage gasification unit includes a stationary fluidized bed gasifier operating with a sufficiently turbulent bed of predefined inert bed material with lean char carbon content. The second stage gasifier fluidized bed is operated at relatively high temperatures up to 1400° C. Steam and oxidant mixture can be injected to further increase the freeboard region operating temperature in the range of approximately from 50 to 100° C. above the bed temperature.

The invention relates to fluidized bed plasma garbage-gasifying equipment and a gasifying process thereof. A gasifying furnace of the gasifying equipment is a plasma gasifying fluidized bed. The gasifying equipment comprises a fluidized bed gasifying furnace, wherein a plasma torque is arranged at a smoke outlet at the top of the fluidized bed; the inner layer of the wall of the fluidized bed gasifying furnace is a corundum cast material layer; an ash plasma processing cabin is arranged on the tail part of a slag discharging system; and the inner layer of the fluidized bed gasifying furnace is a corundum cast material layer. The gasifying process comprises the following steps of: (a) generating mixed gas; (b) discharging slag and returning the materials; and (c) purifying and filtering gas. In the process, the mixed gas generated in the fluidized bed furnace is re-heated to more than 1,000 DEG C through plasma to perform tar recombination and eliminate dioxin on the surface of a part of ash, and the mixed gas is cooled from 800 DEG C to 180 DEG C within 0.6 second under the action of quenching, so a re-polymerization interval of the dioxin is completely avoided. The fluidized bed plasma garbage-gasifying equipment has the characteristics of harmlessness, environment friendliness, energy conservation and consumption reduction.

A direct carbonaceous material to power generation system integrates one or more solid oxide fuel cells (SOFC) into a fluidized bed gasifier. The fuel cell anode is in direct contact with bed material so that the H₂ and CO generated in the bed are oxidized to H₂O and CO₂ to create a push-pull or source-sink reaction environment. The SOFC is exothermic and supplies heat within a reaction chamber of the gasifier where the fluidized bed conducts an endothermic reaction. The products from the anode are the reactants for the reformer and vice versa. A lower bed in the reaction chamber may comprise engineered multi-function material which may incorporate one or more catalysts and reactant adsorbent sites to facilitate excellent heat and mass transfer and fluidization dynamics in fluidized beds. The catalyst is capable of cracking tars and reforming hydrocarbons.

In this process for working up RESH or shredder light fractions, the RESH or shredder light fractions are charged into a fluidized bed gasifier. Hot wind or combustion offgases having a temperature above 450° C. are blown into the fluidized bed through nozzles while forming a counterflow grinding space. CaCO3 is introduced into the fluidized bed and calcined in the grinding space to effect disintegration.

The invention belongs to the field of energy. Biomass is used as a raw material, and is added with catalyst calcium carbonate/magnesium carbonate of a carbonate system to react in a fluidized bed; a biomass gasification process is divided into two processes, namely a biomass burning process and a biomass pyrolysis and gasification process, and the two processes work alternately in turn, wherein the burning process comprises that catalyst calcium carbonate/magnesium carbonate granules are added into the fluidized bed, simultaneously air is supplied to the fluidized bed, the air supply to the furnace is stopped when the temperature of the bed layer is raised to a predetermined temperature, and the burning process is finished; then the biomass burning process turns to the gasification process, namely vapor and biomass are supplied to the fluidized bed to obtain hydrogen-rich gas with extremely low tar content; and after the hydrogen-rich gas is washed and purified by coal gas, the hydrogen-rich gas is converted into H2 and CO2 in a CO conversion device, then the gas is desulfurized and compressed, and the H2 is extracted from the gas in a variable pressure adsorption device. The method achieves that the gasification and burning two processes and the cyclic regeneration of a catalyst are finished in the same fluidized bed gasification furnace, the investment is saved, and the running cost is low.

The invention relates to a fluid bed biological mass gasification furnace employing heat pipe for heat supply, wherein superheated steam is loaded into a fluid bed as gasifying agent, a heat pipe is employed to supply the reaction heat needed by the reduction reaction between the biological mass and the steam, one segment of the heat pipe is arranged in the reactor as a heat output section, the other segment is arranged in the combustion chamber as a heat adsorption segment, and the residual heat of the fuel can produce gasifed steam.

The invention provides a circulating fluidized bed and pyrolysis bed combined gasification process and device, and relates to a coal gasification technology. The gasification process is characterized in that a fluidized bed technology is used for pyrolysis and gasification, and coal free of tar and other pollutants is converted into gas; semicoke coal and the like are gasified and burnt out by a pyrolysis bed; coal-containing fly ash is removed from the gas with a precipitation separation method and is returned to fluidized bed gasifier by a screw conveyor to be pyrolyzed and gasified circularly. The fluidized bed gasifier, a cyclone separator, the pyrolysis bed and a sedimentation chamber which are connected are used for combustion and transport of raw coal, the gas, the semi-coke and the coal-containing fly ash, and accordingly, the purpose of the invention is achieved. The gasification process and device have the beneficial effects that the gasification rate of the raw coal is high, and tar and other pollutants are not produced; the circulating fluidized bed is applicable to equipment with large, medium and small gasification rates, and regulation range of gas production capacity in unit time is broad.

Disclosed are cooling and depressurization system equipment, arrangement and methods to cool solid particles from a coal gasifier operating at high temperature and pressure. Ash from the coal needs to be continuously withdrawn from a circulating fluidized bed gasifier to maintain the solids inventory in the gasifier. The system disclosed enables use of conventional materials of construction for heat transfer surfaces. The supports for the cooling surfaces are located on the lower temperature upper section of the primary cooler. The cooled solids along with the fluidizing gas exits the primary cooler to a secondary receiving vessel where the solids can be further cooled by conventional means. The fluidizing and entrained gas entering the secondary vessel is filtered and vented through a vent pressure control valve. The column of cooled solids in the secondary vessel is depressurized by a continuous depressurization system to low pressures which are sufficient for conveying the solids to silos for disposal. The system and methods proposed are equally applicable to many high temperature, high pressure processes that require cooling and depressurization of process solids.

The invention discloses a method for generating power by gasifying integrated straws in a supercritical coal-fired generator set. The method comprises the following steps of: packing and forming biomass straws serving as a gasification raw material of a gasifier of a bubbling fluidized bed, wherein primary wind-heat air surplus in a power station and tail gas fume of a boiler are used as gasifying agents. A biomass gasifier is effectively integrated by simply modifying the conventional supercritical unit to make biomass gasified, combusted and generate power, so that the defect that the biomass is directly blended and combusted is effectively overcome, the influence of biomass ash on fly ash is avoided, and the problem that the conventional auger feeding equipment is easy to damage is solved; therefore, biomass energy can be efficiently utilized and pollutant emission of coal-fired power stations is further reduced.

The invention discloses a low activity dust coal catalytic gasifying method which consists of, spraying industrial alkali waste liquid to low active powered coal or coal carbonization coal coke, mixing and drying, then entering fluid bed gasification stove for catalyzed gasification with air / aqueous vapor or aqueous vapor, basic ash and slag can be automatically discharged from the bottom or lateral surface or the gasification furnace.

The invention provides method and equipment for gasifying coal, relating to a coal chemical industry technique and gasification furnace equipment. The invention is characterized in that a fluidized bed gasification furnace is designed into a three-section working mode, the upper section is a suspended preheating section, the middle section is a turbulent flow pyrolyzing section, the lower section is a bubbled gasifying section, a plasma torch is arranged at the bubbled gasifying section, and water vapor is heated to be greater than 4000 DEG C in the plasma torch, is decomposed into active chemicals H., O., H2., HO., O2. and then is directly sprayed to carbon coke of the bubbled gasifying section for chemical reaction to generate synthesis gas of CO and H2 and release heat; and pyrolysis gas, the water vapor and fluidized gas in the furnace are mixed, are discharged out of the furnace through an outlet of the suspended preheating section and then return the bubbled gasifying section of the gasification furnace through a fluidized air pipe and a fluidized fan, and soot, gaseous tar, CmHn and CH4 in the pyrolysis gas react with the water vapor to generate the synthesis gas of the CO and the H2. Compared with the conventional coal gasification technique, the invention reduces the consumption of coal resources and the discharge of greenhouse gases.