1645 results about "Heat carrier" patented technology

The present invent provides improved rapid thermal conversion processes for efficiently converting wood, other biomass materials, and other carbonaceous feedstock (including hydrocarbons) into high yields of valuable liquid product, e.g., bio-oil, on a large scale production. In an embodiment, biomass material, e.g., wood, is feed to a conversion system where the biomass material is mixed with an upward stream of hot heat carriers, e.g., sand, that thermally convert the biomass into a hot vapor stream. The hot vapor stream is rapidly quenched with quench media in one or more condensing chambers located downstream of the conversion system. The rapid quenching condenses the vapor stream into liquid product, which is collected from the condensing chambers as a valuable liquid product. In one embodiment, the liquid product itself is used as the quench media.

The present invention is directed to the upgrading of heavy petroleum oils of high viscosity and low API gravity that are typically not suitable for pipelining without the use of diluents. It utilizes a short residence-time pyrolytic reactor operating under conditions that result in a rapid pyrolytic distillation with coke formation. Both physical and chemical changes taking place lead to an overall molecular weight reduction in the liquid product and rejection of certain components with the byproduct coke. The liquid product is upgraded primarily because of its substantially reduced viscosity, increased API gravity, and the content of middle and light distillate fractions. While maximizing the overall liquid yield, the improvements in viscosity and API gravity can render the liquid product suitable for pipelining without the use of diluents. This invention particularly relates to reducing sulfur emissions during the combustion of byproduct coke (or coke and gas), to reducing the total acid number (TAN) of the liquid product, and to reducing the hydrogen sulfide content of one, or more than one component of the product stream. The method comprises introducing a particulate heat carrier into an up-flow reactor, introducing the feedstock at a location above the entry of the particulate heat carrier, allowing the heavy hydrocarbon feedstock to interact with the heat carrier for a short time, separating the vapors of the product stream from the particulate heat carrier and liquid and byproduct solid matter, regenerating the particulate heat carrier in the presence of the calcium compound, and collecting a gaseous and liquid product from the product stream.

Low melting ionic compounds of the general formula (cation) (R′SO₄) in which R′ is a branched or linear, saturated or unsaturated, aliphatic or alicyclic functionalized or non-functionalized hydrocarbon chain with 3-36 carbon atoms are provided. These compounds can serve as ionic liquids, e.g. as solvents or solvent additives in chemical reactions, as extraction agents or as heat carriers. The compounds comprise a cation and anionic sulfate ester.

The present invention relates to a process and system for gasifying biomass or other carbonaceous feedstocks in an indirectly heated gasifier and provides a method for the elimination of condensable organic materials (tars) from the resulting product gas with an integrated tar removal step. More specifically, this tar removal step utilizes the circulating heat carrier to crack the organics and produce additional product gas. As a benefit of the above process, and because the heat carrier circulates through alternating steam and oxidizing zones in the process, deactivation of the cracking reactions is eliminated.

The present invention relates to a kind of integrated heat pipe and a method of heat exchange. The heat pipe includes a tank (1-2) as a heating potion and a lot of heat carriers (1-4) as a radiating portion. The tank (1-2) and the heat carriers (1-4) have same cavity in which a coolant (1-3) is partially filled. The tank (1-2) is held in close contact with a heat source (such as electronic elements). The heat carriers (1-4) are arranged at an interval so that the radiating channels (1-4a) are formed between them. The coolant (1-3) in the tank (1-2) is heated by the heat sources, vaporized coolant moves to the heat carriers (1-4) and condenses in there. According to the invention, the heat pipe can be increased its radiating surface significantly with the varied arrangement of the heat carriers (1-4).

The present invention is directed to the upgrading of heavy petroleum oils of high viscosity and low API gravity that are typically not suitable for pipelining without the use of diluents. The method comprises introducing a particulate heat carrier into an up-flow reactor, introducing the feedstock at a location above the entry of the particulate heat carrier, allowing the heavy hydrocarbon feedstock to interact with the heat carrier for a short time, separating the vapors of the product stream from the particulate heat carrier and liquid and byproduct solid matter, collecting a gaseous and liquid product mixture comprising a mixture of a light fraction and a heavy fraction from the product stream, and using a vacuum tower to separate the light fraction as a substantially bottomless product and the heavy fraction from the product mixture.

The invention provides a method and a device for preparing biological oil by biomass cracking. Biomass material is prepared into the biological oil after being smashed, dried, thermally cracked, secondarily condensed and separated. The device mainly comprises a feeding system, a fluidized bed reactor, a heat carrier separator, a gas-solid separator, a heat carrier heating device, a condenser, and the like, wherein the heat carrier heating device is divided into two layers which are partitioned by a heat insulated board and evenly distributed with a plurality of ceramic heat pipes used as a heating carrier of a heat transfer element. The invention not only utilizes subsidiary product of thermal cracking, namely carbon and non-condensable gas as energy sources for thermal cracking liquification, but also effectively utilizes the smoke discharged by the heat carrier heating device as fluidizing gas, thereby having various advantages of reasonable process, no secondary pollution, energy saving, low cost, and the like. Compared with the prior art, the invention is easier to popularize and apply.

The invention relates to a heavy oil lightening method and technique. The method comprises steps as follows: raw oil is introduced into a thermal cracking reactor through a feed system, and mixed with a high-temperature solid heat carrier from a combustion (gasifying) reactor, so that the raw oil is subjected to fluidizing heat exchange with the solid heat carrier and carries out thermal cracking reaction on the surface of the solid heat carrier; the cracking gas generated by the thermal cracking reaction and a light component product are subjected to steam stripping by fluidizing medium gas and enter a subsequent absorption and stabilization system and a purification and separation system, heavy coke (petroleum coke) is attached to the surface of the solid heat carrier and enters the combustion (gasifying) reactor via a material returning valve, and an oxidizing (gasifying) and fluidizing gas is introduced to realize combustion (gasifying) reaction in the fluidization elevation process of the petroleum coke; and after the reaction product (fume or gasified gas) and the solid heat carrier are separated by a gas-solid separator, the fume (gasified gas) is led into a waste heat recovery system and a gas purification system, the high-temperature solid heat carrier is distributed by a distribution valve and respectively enters the thermal cracking reactor and the combustion (gasifying) reactor for cyclic use, and the collected fly ash can be used after further processing, thereby complete high-value conversion and use of the heavy oil.

The invention discloses a three-fluidized-bed solid heat carrier coal pyrolysis, gasification and combustion cascade utilization method. The method comprises the following steps of: mixing coal and high temperature circulating ash serving as a solid heat carrier in a fluidized bed pyrolysis furnace, pyrolyzing to separate out volatile, cooling and separating the volatile to obtain tar and pyrolysis gas, conveying pyrolysis semi-coke generated by pyrolyzing the coal to a fluidized bed gasification furnace, performing gasification reaction by using water vapor and O2 as gasification agents to prepare synthesis gas, conveying the semi-coke which is incompletely gasified in the gasification furnace to a circulating fluidized bed combustion furnace, blowing air for the conventional combustion or blowing O2/CO2 for oxygen-enriched combustion, heating the circulating ash serving as the solid heat carrier, and producing gasification agent vapor required by the gasification furnace by using high temperature flue gas generated by combustion. The method has the advantages that: the tar, the pyrolysis gas and the synthesis gas are co-produced through coal pyrolysis, gasification and combustion cascade utilization, the gasification condition of the semi-coke is reduced, and good economic benefits and social benefits are achieved.

The present invention is directed to the upgrading of heavy petroleum oils of high viscosity and low API gravity that are typically not suitable for pipelining without the use of diluents. It utilizes a short residence-time pyrolytic reactor operating under conditions that result in a rapid pyrolytic distillation with coke formation. Both physical and chemical changes taking place lead to an overall molecular weight reduction in the liquid product and rejection of certain components with the byproduct coke. The liquid product is upgraded primarily because of its substantially reduced viscosity, increased API gravity, and the content of middle and light distillate fractions. While maximizing the overall liquid yield, the improvements in viscosity and API gravity can render the liquid product suitable for pipelining without the use of diluents. This invention particularly relates to reducing sulfur emissions during the combustion of byproduct coke (or coke and gas) and to reducing the total acid number (TAN) of the liquid product. The method comprises introducing a particulate heat carrier into an up-flow reactor, introducing the feedstock at a location above the entry of the particulate heat carrier, allowing the heavy hydrocarbon feedstock to interact with the heat carrier for a short time, separating the vapors of the product stream from the particulate heat carrier and liquid and byproduct solid matter, regenerating the particulate heat carrier in the presence of the calcium compound, and collecting a gaseous and liquid product from the product stream.

The invention provides a process and device for carrying out stage dry distillation on oil shale under the state of full recycle, with the gas as the heat carrier. The oil shale is divided into three different sizes (such as 0-6mm, 6-20mm and 20-50mm) through crushing and screening, and the oil shale is firstly dried and heated to the temperature between 50 DEG C and 150 DEG C by the waste smoke exhausted from gas heating furnaces and then enters into the different sizes of furnaces for dry distillation to undergo dry distillation. After being treated by water spraying and an indirect cooling tower, a rotary trapper and an electric trapper for oil collection, the dry distillation oil and gas undergo oil-gas-water separation, and after separation, the oil enters into a storage tank, the water enters into a circulating water tank and the first part of gases serves as the heat carrier and is recycled, the second part of gases is used as the fuels for the heating furnaces and the third part of gases is used as the fuel gases for power generation.

An ionic liquid according to the invention is substantially halogen-free, has a low viscosity and is stable to hydrolytic degradation under test conditions. The ionic liquid is a compound of the formula (cation) (R′—O—SO₃), (cation) (R′—SO₃), or a mixture of the two compounds. It can be used in processes for the chemical conversion and separation of materials by employing the ionic liquid as a solvent, solvent additive, extraction agent or phase-transfer catalyst. It can also be used in a heat exchange device wherein the ionic liquid serves as a heat carrier or heat carrier additive.

The invention relates to a thermal generator (1) characterised in that it comprises at least one thermal module (10) including N adjacent magneto-caloric members (2) arranged in a circle about a central axis (A) and submitted to a magnetic field variation generated by a magnetic means (3) in order to vary their temperature. The magneto-caloric members (2) are associated with N pistons (40) driven according to a reciprocating translation movement by a control cam (70) in order to move the heat-carrier fluid contained in the thermal module (10) simultaneously in two opposite directions, so that a first fraction of the heat-carrier fluid flows towards a hot exchange chamber (5) through the magneto-caloric members (2) submitted to a heating cycle, and so that a second fraction of the heat-carrier fluid flows towards a cold exchange chamber (6) through the magneto-caloric members (2) submitted to a cooling cycle, and vice versa. The exchange chambers (5, 6) are coupled to outer calorie- and frigorie-consuming circuits, such as heating circuits, air conditioning circuits, tempering circuits, etc.

The invention provides a method that a biomass and coal are pyrolyzed rapidly to prepare liquid fuel, which belongs to the technology field of energy and chemical industry. The reaction system consists of a riser combustion reactor (10) and a biomass/coal rapid co-pyrolysis reactor. The two reactors are linked circularly through a solid heat carrier. A pyrolysis reactor consists of an upper pyrolysis reactor mixing section (5), a middle pyrolysis reactor cocurrent pyrolysis section (6) and a lower pyrolysis reactor gas-solid separation section (7); the quality ratio of the biomass and the coal is 95/5 to 50/50; the byproduct hydrogen rich gas led for circular reuse in the pyrolysis reactor is regarded as carrier gas and quenching gas; the co-pyrolysis char is completely burnt in the riser combustion reactor (10). The beneficial effects of the invention are capable of operating under normal temperature, simple in process, high in heat efficiency, high in liquid fuel yield, good in quality and suitable for the co-pyrolysis liquefaction of the solid biomass and low rank coal.

The present invention is directed to the upgrading of heavy hydrocarbon feedstock that utilizes a short residence pyrolytic reactor operating under conditions that cracks and chemically upgrades the feedstock. The method for upgrading a heavy hydrocarbon feedstock comprises introducing a particulate heat carrier into an upflow reactor, introducing the heavy hydrocarbon feedstock into the upflow reactor at a location above that of the particulate heat carrier so that a loading ratio of the particulate heat carrier to feedstock is from about 15:1 to about 200:1, allowing the heavy hydrocarbon feedstock to interact with the heat carrier with a residence time of less than about 1 second, to produce a product stream, separating the product stream from the particulate heat carrier, regenerating the particulate heat carrier, and collecting a gaseous and liquid product from the product stream.

Heat flow management device for motor vehicles has a refrigerant circulation, a power train coolant circulation and a heating line heat carrier circulation. The refrigerant circulation includes a compressor, an indirect condenser, an expansion element, an ambient heat exchanger, an evaporator and a chiller. The power train coolant circulation includes a coolant pump, the chiller, an electric motor heat exchanger and a power train coolant radiator, wherein the heating line heat carrier circulation comprises a coolant pump, the indirect condenser and a heating heat exchanger, wherein the refrigerant circulation and the power train coolant circulation are directly thermally coupled with one another across the chiller. Refrigerant circulation and heating line heat carrier circulation are directly thermally coupled with one another across the indirect condenser. Power train coolant circulation and the heating line heat carrier circulation are only indirectly thermally coupled with one another across the refrigerant circulation.

The invention relates to a device for storing heat, comprising a heat storage medium which absorbs heat in order to store heat and releases heat in order to use the stored heat, and a container for holding the heat storage medium, the container being closed by a gastight cover, and the device comprising volume compensation means in order to compensate for a volume increase of the heat storage medium (3) due to a temperature rise and a volume decrease due to a temperature reduction. The invention furthermore relates to a method for storing heat, in which heat is transferred to a heat storage medium in order to store heat or heat is discharged from the heat storage medium to the heat carrier in order to use the heat, the heat storage medium being held in a container which is closed by a gastight cover, wherein a volume expansion of the heat storage medium (3) is compensated for by a volume increase of the container (1) or by heat storage medium (3) flowing out of the container (1) into a buffer container (21; 63, 65), and a volume decrease of the heat storage medium (3) is compensated for by a volume decrease of the container (1) or by heat storage medium (3) flowing out of the buffer container (21; 63, 65) into the container (1).

The present invention is directed to the upgrading of heavy hydrocarbon feedstock that utilizes a short residence pyrolytic reactor operating under conditions that cracks and chemically upgrades the feedstock. The process of the present invention provides for the preparation of a partially upgraded feedstock exhibiting reduced viscosity and increased API gravity. This process selectively removes metals, salts, water and nitrogen from the feedstock, while at the same time maximizes the yield of the liquid product, and minimizes coke and gas production. Furthermore, this process reduces the viscosity of the feedstock in order to permit pipeline transport, if desired, of the upgraded feedstock with little or no addition of diluents. The method for upgrading a heavy hydrocarbon feedstock comprises introducing a particulate heat carrier into an upflow reactor, introducing the heavy hydrocarbon feedstock into the upflow reactor at a location above that of the particulate heat carrier so that a loading ratio of the particulate heat carrier to feedstock is from about 15:1 to about 200:1, allowing the heavy hydrocarbon feedstock to interact with the heat carrier with a residence time of less than about 1 second, to produce a product stream, separating the product stream from the particulate heat carrier, regenerating the particulate heat carrier, and collecting a gaseous and liquid product from the product stream. This invention also pertains to the products produced by the method.

The primary purpose of the present invention is to provide an fluid circulating installation adapted with a temperature equalization system and fluid transmission duct disposed in a heat carrier existing in solid or liquid state in the nature where presents comparatively larger and more reliable heat carrying capacity. The fluid passes through the solid or gas state semiconductor application installation to regulate the semiconductor application installation for temperature equalization, and flows back to the heat equalization installation disposed in the natural heat carrier of heat for the heat equalization installation providing good heat conduction in the natural heat carrier to provide the operation of temperature equalization regulating function on the backflow of the fluid.

The invention relates to a process method for low temperature carbonization on a fluidized bed. The process method uses the principle of a lift pipe fluid catalytic cracker, uses a lift pipe reactor of the lift pipe fluid catalytic cracker as a carbonization reactor, uses a catalyst regenerator of the lift pipe fluid catalytic cracker as a high-temperature water gas generator, and uses high-temperature water gas as a fluidizing medium and a heat carrier of a carbonization raw material. The carbonization method comprises the following steps that: a carbonizing raw material is conveyed to the lift pipe fluidized bed reactor for a carbonization reaction of the raw material; the reacted oil and gas are separated to produce a carbonized product; carbonized carbocoal enters the water gas regenerator; carbon in the carbonized carbocoal, oxygen and water vapour in air are subjected to oxidation reaction and water gas reaction; the water gas obtained in the reaction is used as the fluidizing medium and the heat carrier during the carbonization process; and solid clinkers produced after the carbonized carbocoal is subjected to the water gas reaction are discharged. Compared with the prior art, the method has the advantages of simple process, high production capacity, less equipment and so on, and can be used in oil shale, oil sand, coal and other substances to produce liquid petroleum products.

The invention discloses a method for preparing semicoke, empyreumatic oil and coal gas by pyrolyzing coal. The method is characterized in that a heating mode of solid thermal carriers is adopted in the pyrolysis process; the semicoke generated in the pyrolysis process and large-particle semicoke in a heat carrier mixture are separated as products by a size grading method, and the empyreumatic oiland coal gas with a medium heat value are produced as byproducts, wherein a pyrolysis system mainly comprises a heat carrier storage bin, a mixer, a pyrolysis reactor, a solid grading separator and araising pipe burning reactor. In the invention, the heating rate of coal is improved, the destructive distillation time is shortened, the single burner production capacity is improved, and the coal of combination grain is taken as production raw materials, the raw material adaptability and the utilization factor are high and the method provided by the invention is suitable for various lignite andbitumite.

The present invention relates to the method of extracting hydrogen from biomass, and is especially the solid heat carrier catalyzing and gasifying method of preparing hydrogen-rich gas from biomass.The method includes mixed heating of solid heat carrier catalyst and biomass, fast thermolysis of biomass, catalytic gasifying and regeneration circulation of solid catalyst grain. The catalyst as solid heat carrier has accumulated heat for gasifying biomass. The technological apparatus consists of mobile bed reactor, material feeder, regenerating riser tube, catalyst storage tank, etc. The present invention makes the hydrogen in biomass converted into hydrogen gas at most, and the continuous switch-less regeneration of catalyst solves the problem of fast deactivation of catalyst. The present invention has low tar content, simple operation and high gas product purity, and is new technological process with great potential.