73 results about "Cracking reaction" patented technology

The present application belongs to the technical field of acetylene preparation, and discloses a method and system for efficiently preparing acetylene and hydrogen from natural gas based on turbine cracking. The method comprises the following steps: obtaining 95%-100% purified methane gas through raw material pretreatment, preheating to 523-823 K, and then feeding into a turbine cracking reaction unit to be heated to 1800-2200 K within 1-10 ms and cracked for 1-10 ms; the cracked gas is quenched to below 800 K within 0.5-3 ms and the waste heat is recovered; finally, carbon black, high-purity acetylene and hydrogen are obtained through gas-solid and gas separation. The system comprises raw material pretreatment, preheating, turbine cracking reaction, quenching and waste heat recovery, gas-solid separation, gas separation units, and a matching monitoring and collaborative control module, and realizes multi-parameter collaborative control and online carbon cleaning. The present application does not introduce oxygen, the conversion rate of natural gas is 92%-95%, the acetylene yield is 83%-87.5%, the energy consumption is low, the products are easy to separate, it is green and environmentally friendly, and it is suitable for industrial continuous production.

The utility model discloses polycrystalline silicon and organic silicon high boiling pyrolysis reactor system of promoting gas solid liquid three -phase mass transfer relates to chemical industry technical field. The polycrystalline silicon and organic silicon high boiling pyrolysis reactor system of promoting gas solid liquid three -phase mass transfer, including reactor main part, catalyst stacking unit, liquid distributor main part and gas distribution unit. The polycrystalline silicon and organic silicon high boiling pyrolysis reactor system of promoting gas solid liquid three -phase mass transfer, gas catalyst passes into the exhaust pipe through the communication groove, and then gas catalyst is evenly sprayed into the catalytic filler of loading net cylinder through the spray head, and the liquid raw material is evenly flowed through the catalytic filler of loading net cylinder through the liquid distribution port, so that the gas and solid catalyst are mixed in the loading net cylinder, the reaction rate is improved, and the uniformity of mixing is ensured, the mixing effect of liquid raw material and gas is improved, and the reaction and product generation are accelerated.

The invention relates to a facility and method for steam cracking using at least one reactor heat exchanger. The heat required for the steam cracking reaction is provided by a working fluid circulating in at least one closed-loop circuit (130), connected to an inlet of the reactor heat exchanger (112) and to the corresponding outlet, and comprising: at least one heating device (131, 132) upstream of the reactor heat exchanger (112) with respect to the circulation of the working fluid, at least one thermal storage system (170) mounted in parallel with or downstream of the at least one heating device, and upstream of the reactor heat exchanger, at least one heat exchanger (134, 135) located downstream of the reactor heat exchanger (112), and upstream of the at least one heating device (131, 132), at least one circulating device (138).

The present invention relates to the technical field of petrochemical cracking furnaces, and in particular to a motor-driven ethylene cracking system integrated with steam recovery and a process. A feed stream is heated, and then mixed with s dilution steam stream; the mixture is fed into a convection section of a cracking furnace to be overheated and then fed into a radiation section of the cracking furnace to be subjected to a cracking reaction to obtain cracked gas; the cracked gas is cooled by a quench cooler to obtain a product; a rotating unit in a cracking method is driven by a motor; and a steam drum generates a medium-pressure steam stream, and the medium-pressure steam stream is fed into the quench cooler to be subjected to heat exchange with the cracked gas and then is fed into a medium-pressure steam pipe network. By means of the described technical solution, the rotating unit of the cracking furnace is changed to be driven by the motor to rotate, so that the control is simpler. Moreover, the demand for high-pressure steam is reduced, and the energy utilization efficiency is improved by changing the process flow and connection mode of the cracking furnace.

This invention primarily relates to the field of ammonia cracking reaction technology. It discloses an ammonia cracking reaction testing system, comprising a temperature control module, an ammonia supply module, an ammonia cracking reaction module, and an analysis module. The temperature control module controls the target temperature for the ammonia cracking reaction. The ammonia cracking reaction module is used to crack the ammonia gas supplied by the ammonia supply module at the target temperature to obtain a mixed gas. The analysis module is used to analyze the composition of the mixed gas and obtain ammonia cracking reaction test data. This application enables detailed testing and analysis of the performance and stability of ammonia cracking reaction devices and catalysts, thereby generating a large amount of low-cost ammonia cracking experimental data.

The present application relates to the field of oil and gaseous hydrocarbon preparation by microwave-driven polyolefin pyrolysis reforming. More particularly, it relates to a process method of microwave-driven catalytic polyolefin pyrolysis reforming. The polyolefin pyrolysis reforming is carried out by using a microwave reaction device with a PLC control unit, a carrier gas adjusting unit and a reaction unit; the polyolefin raw material is located at the bottom of the reaction unit, the catalyst is stacked on the polyolefin raw material to form a catalyst bed, and the bottom of the catalyst bed is in contact with the polyolefin raw material to form a horizontal material contact surface; the process method comprises: under the action of microwave, the polyolefin raw material undergoes a pyrolysis reaction at the material contact surface to generate primary pyrolysis products; as the polyolefin raw material is consumed, the catalyst sinks under gravity and maintains the horizontal material contact surface; the primary pyrolysis products pass through the catalyst bed from bottom to top and are gradually pyrolyzed into oil components and / or gaseous hydrocarbon components, thereby realizing the catalytic reforming of the polyolefin raw material.

A natural gas zero-carbon heating and carbon material co-production system based on liquid metal catalytic cracking and a control method thereof. The present application belongs to the technical field of energy chemical industry and clean heating. The present application solves the problems of low utilization rate, high carbon emission and poor economy of traditional heating equipment. The present application uses pipeline natural gas as raw material, which is cracked into hydrogen and solid carbon in a high-temperature liquid metal catalytic cracking reactor; the hydrogen is fed into a double-loop combustion chamber, a part of which is combusted to provide zero-carbon heating for the terminal, and the other part of which is combusted to provide heat energy back to the cracking reactor to form an energy closed loop; the solid carbon is separated and post-processed into high-value carbon material products. The present application is provided with a dynamic carbon management device and an arc-shaped flow guide inner wall to ensure long-term continuous operation of the reactor, and can also realize heat, electricity and cold combined supply through valve switching. The present application realizes the collaborative conversion of natural gas into clean heat energy and high-value carbon materials, has the characteristics of zero-carbon environmental protection, severe cold adaptation and economic profitability, and meets the demand for composite energy.

This invention discloses a method and apparatus for preparing aromatics from methanol. The method includes: sequentially performing a hydrocarbonation reaction and an aromatization reaction on methanol under the action of a hydrocarbonation catalyst to obtain an aromatization product; performing preliminary separation on the aromatization product to obtain a light component, mixed aromatics, and water, with the light component returned to the aromatization reaction step; separating the mixed aromatics to obtain light aromatics and heavy aromatics; and performing a cracking reaction on the heavy aromatics under the action of a cracking catalyst, with the cracking product returned to the preliminary separation step. The process flow, catalyst selection, and three-stage reaction conditions of this application for preparing aromatics from methanol achieve gradient separation and directional conversion of the reaction products, effectively suppressing side reactions and improving the purity and yield of the target product.

This invention discloses a method for recycling and reusing off-grade BPA, comprising the following steps: 1) simultaneously feeding off-grade BPA and alkaline solution into a dissolving tank for mixing and dissolution to obtain a raw material solution; 2) heating the raw material solution and feeding it into a cracking reactor packed with a solid alkaline catalyst, where a cracking reaction yields a cracked liquid containing phenol base / phenol / acetone; 3) feeding the cracked liquid into a distillation column for distillation separation, obtaining acetone as a side stream and a phenol base / phenol solution as the bottom of the column; 4) feeding the phenol base / phenol solution and an inorganic acid together into a static mixer for neutralization reaction to obtain a neutralized reaction liquid; 5) feeding the neutralized reaction liquid into a separator for separation to obtain a phenol oil phase and an aqueous phase containing phenol; 6) feeding the aqueous phase containing phenol into a resin bed for adsorption to remove phenol, and discharging the wastewater after it meets the standards. This method can efficiently decompose off-grade BPA and obtain phenol and acetone in high yield.

The application belongs to the technical field of organic chemical synthesis and heterogeneous catalysis, and particularly relates to a catalyst for preparing 2,4-dimethyl-3-pentanone from isobutyric acid or isobutyric anhydride and a preparation method thereof. The application overcomes key technical bottlenecks in the existing gas-phase ketonization reaction, such as serious cracking side reactions, quick deactivation of the catalyst due to carbon deposition, and low selectivity of the target product. The application provides a method for efficiently preparing 2,4-dimethyl-3-pentanone from isobutyric acid or isobutyric anhydride. The method innovatively constructs a modified HZSM-5 molecular sieve catalyst with a micropore-mesopore multi-level pore structure, and introduces specific metal oxide active components to construct acid-base synergistic active centers, thereby realizing directional regulation of the reaction path. The method not only significantly inhibits the competitive monomolecular cracking reaction, greatly improves the selectivity of the bimolecular coupling ketonization reaction for generating 2,4-dimethyl-3-pentanone, but also effectively eliminates the diffusion resistance of macromolecular products by using mesoporous channels, thereby fundamentally solving the problem of easy carbon deposition and deactivation of the catalyst, and having excellent industrial application prospects and technical progress.

The application belongs to the technical field of tobacco preparation, and particularly relates to a tobacco extract, a preparation method thereof and a tobacco product, which comprises the following steps: S1: adding a first extraction solvent to tobacco powder, performing extraction, and obtaining a tobacco extract; S2: adding a second solvent to the tobacco extract, heating, and performing a hydrothermal cracking reaction under a closed condition to obtain a tobacco intermediate product; and S3: adding an alcohol solution to the tobacco intermediate product, stirring, alcohol precipitation, solid-liquid separation, and obtaining the tobacco extract. The preparation method is characterized in that the tobacco powder is extracted, the extract is subjected to a hydrothermal cracking reaction under a closed condition, and all the products after the reaction are subjected to alcohol precipitation treatment without solid-liquid separation, so that the number of flavor substances and the content of part of the flavor substances of the obtained tobacco extract are obviously higher, the tobacco extract has obvious tobacco original flavor characteristics and smoke state, the aroma is coordinated, the aroma richness is better, and the tobacco aroma is clean.

A process for upgrading a hydrocarbon feed comprises contacting the hydrocarbon feed with steam in the presence of a cracking catalyst composition at reaction conditions sufficient to cause at least a portion of hydrocarbons in the hydrocarbon feed to undergo one or more cracking reactions to produce a steam catalytic cracking effluent comprising light olefins, light aromatic compounds, or both, where: the cracking catalyst composition comprises a cracking additive comprising a ZSM-5 zeolite, a first metal species, and a second metal species, where the first metal species and the second metal species are impregnated onto the ZSM-5 zeolite, the first metal species comprises a metal or metal oxide comprising a first metal, the second metal species comprises a metal or metal oxide comprising a second metal, and the second metal is different from the first metal.

The present application relates to the field of poor quality aromatic-rich distillate oil hydroprocessing, and discloses a preparation method of light aromatic hydrocarbon. The method comprises the following steps: (1) contacting aromatic-rich distillate oil and hydrogen with a hydrofining catalyst to perform a hydrofining reaction, to obtain a hydrofining product; (2) contacting the hydrofining product and hydrogen with a hydrocracking catalyst to perform a hydrocracking reaction, to obtain a hydrocracking product; (3) performing gas-liquid separation on the hydrocracking product, to obtain a gas phase product and a liquid phase product, wherein the content of methane in the gas phase product is not higher than 1 wt%; (4) separating the gas phase product to obtain recycled hydrogen, and then returning the recycled hydrogen to the hydrocracking reaction in step (2) for recycling. The method provided by the present application can achieve high BTX yield and long-period stable operation of the device.

The present application relates to the field of SAPO-5 molecular sieve, discloses a kind of metal-containing SAPO-5 molecular sieve catalyst and its preparation method and application and the method for preparing p-tert-butyltoluene.The catalyst includes SAPO-5 molecular sieve and active metal, the active metal is at least one selected from group VIII metal element and IB group metal element;M XPS / M XRF The value of not more than 0.15.The metal-containing SAPO-5 molecular sieve catalyst provided by the present application has simple preparation method, can promote m-tert-butyltoluene to transform into p-tert-butyltoluene in m-tert-butyltoluene isomerization reaction, effectively improves isomerization reaction performance, reduces side chain cracking reaction, further improves the yield of p-tert-butyltoluene, and realizes continuous production of p-tert-butyltoluene in fixed bed reaction, which has good industrial application prospect.

This disclosure relates to a method for producing aromatics from naphtha, the method comprising the following steps: (1) cutting naphtha to obtain light naphtha and heavy naphtha; the cutting point temperature between the light naphtha and the heavy naphtha is 85~105℃; (2) contacting the light naphtha with a first reforming catalyst to carry out a first reforming reaction, and contacting the product of the first reforming reaction with an aromatization catalyst to carry out an aromatization reaction to obtain an aromatization reaction product; (3) contacting the heavy naphtha with a second reforming catalyst to carry out a second reforming reaction to obtain a second reforming reaction product; separating the aromatization reaction product and the second reforming reaction product to obtain an aromatic product. The method of this disclosure organically combines reforming reaction and aromatization reaction, improving the effective utilization rate of light alkanes, reducing cracking reaction, and increasing aromatic yield.

Title: Process for exchanging a packed bed from a pre-cracking reactor Process for exchanging a packed bed from a pre-cracking reactor (201) of an installation (200) for producing a hydrogen product from an ammonia feedstock stream, comprising the following steps: ● unloading (4) the packed bed from the pre-cracking reactor (201), ● loading (5) a new packed bed inside the pre-cracking reactor (201), ● opening (6) the pre-cracking reactor inlet valve and the pre-cracking reactor outlet valve, the process being performed while: - providing (100) an ammonia feedstock stream, - in the main ammonia cracking reactor (203), performing (101) an endothermic reaction of ammonia cracking for producing said hydrogen product with said provided ammonia feedstock stream as a feed.

This invention relates to the field of catalyst technology, specifically a molybdenum-modified hierarchical ZSM-5 molecular sieve catalyst, its preparation method, and its application. The molybdenum-modified hierarchical ZSM-5 molecular sieve catalyst is obtained by the following method: First, a silicon source, a structure-directing agent, an alkali source, and water are mixed to obtain a mixed solution. Then, the mixed solution and an aluminum source are added to a molybdenum salt solution, stirred evenly, and subjected to a dynamic hydrothermal reaction to obtain a molecular sieve intermediate. Finally, the molecular sieve intermediate is separated, dried, and calcined. This invention's molybdenum-modified hierarchical ZSM-5 molecular sieve catalyst is prepared in one step through a combination of molybdenum metal ligand protection and a dynamic hydrothermal reaction. It exhibits good thermal stability, uniform metal particle distribution and size, and high catalytic activity. The application of this molybdenum-modified hierarchical ZSM-5 molecular sieve catalyst in the heavy oil catalytic cracking reaction for the production of low-carbon olefins (ethylene and propylene) demonstrates significant catalytic performance.

The utility model discloses a radial thermal cracking reactor, it includes reactor shell and sets up in the gas outlet pipe, manifold, gas distribution cylinder, first tube plate, second tube plate, gas inlet pipe, a plurality of heat exchange pipes and a plurality of heating elements in reactor shell, be provided with first connecting hole and second connecting hole on first tube plate, be provided with third connecting hole on second tube plate, and the gas outlet pipe, manifold, gas distribution cylinder are coaxial from center to outside along the radial direction of reactor shell and set gradually. The radial thermal cracking reactor of the utility model is low in energy consumption, and the heat loss of high temperature area section is reduced through the heat exchanger, and the temperature of the import gas of cracking catalyst bed layer is improved. Through setting up the heating element in the space of filling catalyst, the cracking reaction temperature of any one area of catalyst bed layer reaches or is higher than the catalyst activation temperature, so that the catalyst in the reactor is fully utilized.

The invention relates to a steam cracking installation and process employing at least one heat exchanger reactor. The heat required for the steam cracking reaction is supplied by a working fluid circulating in at least one closed-loop circuit (130), connected to an inlet of the heat exchanger reactor (112) and to the corresponding outlet, and comprising: at least one heating device (131, 132) upstream of the heat exchanger reactor (112) with respect to the working fluid circulation, at least one thermal storage system (170) mounted in parallel or downstream of at least one heating device, and upstream of the heat exchanger reactor, at least one heat exchanger (134, 135) located downstream of the heat exchanger reactor (112) and upstream of at least one heating device (131, 132), at least one circulation device (138). Figure for the abbreviation: Figure 1

The present application relates to adsorption separation of bisphenol A and 2,4-bisphenol A adsorbent and its adsorption separation process; the adsorbent is a high-silicon Y molecular sieve containing rare earth, the molar ratio of the contained silicon oxide and aluminum oxide is 2.5:1-15:1, the contained rare earth metal is one or a combination of multiple of lanthanum, cerium, scandium and yttrium, the content of rare earth metal is 10:1-1000:1 in terms of the molar ratio of silicon and rare earth metal, and the rare earth metal exists in the form of metal ions. The adsorption separation process is to contact the mixture containing bisphenol A, 2,4-bisphenol A, triphenol and chroman in the crystallization mother liquor with the adsorbent in the adsorption separation reactor to carry out adsorption separation, and the obtained bisphenol A and 2,4-bisphenol A after adsorption separation enter the isomerization reaction unit; the obtained triphenol and chroman after adsorption separation enter the cracking reaction unit. Phenol is used as the eluent, has strong affinity with the adsorbent, and the elution efficiency reaches more than 95%.

This invention relates to the field of methane catalytic cracking for hydrogen production, and particularly to a glucose-modified activated carbon composite material, its preparation method, and its application. In this invention, activated carbon and glucose are used as the main raw materials, and a glucose-modified activated carbon catalyst is prepared through an impregnation-carbonization process. During carbonization, glucose gradually melts, dehydrates, and cracks to form carbonaceous intermediates. Simultaneously, gases such as H2O, CO, and CO2 are released. These gases activate the pore structure of the activated carbon, promoting the development of micropores and mesopores. Furthermore, the intermediates interact with the activated carbon surface, increasing the content of oxygen-containing functional groups, especially C=O-related functional groups. The resulting fluffy carbon black after glucose carbonization further enhances the initial activity during the methane catalytic cracking reaction and extends the catalytic life.

The application provides a high-throughput and high-conversion-rate continuous growth method of carbon nanotube assemblies. The growth method comprises inputting process gas, carbon source, catalyst, co-catalyst and morphology regulator selected from precursors of aluminum element and / or magnesium element; generating a cracking reaction, the oxide particles of the morphology regulator prevent the agglomeration of the catalytic particles through steric hindrance, and a rotating gas flow control device is arranged to make the gaseous reaction system have rotating motion and radial forced gas flow in the catalyst nucleation zone; forming the carbon nanotube assemblies, and then continuously outputting from the pipe opening. The application adopts the synergistic strategy of rotating gas flow control and oxide steric hindrance isolation, blocks the agglomeration trend of the catalyst, promotes uniform nucleation, avoids the different step problems caused by different decomposition temperatures, fully plays the blocking function of the morphology regulator, realizes the continuous growth of the large-diameter, high-throughput and high-conversion-rate gas phase, and significantly improves the yield and quality.

The application discloses a petroleum cracking reaction equipment and relates to the technical field of petroleum cracking treatment. The petroleum cracking reaction equipment comprises a base, a lower reaction tank is fixedly installed on the inner ring of the base, a middle reaction tank is fixedly connected to the top of the lower reaction tank, an upper reaction tank is fixedly connected to the top end of the middle reaction tank, a feeding pipe is installed on the top of the upper reaction tank, a reactant discharge pipe is fixedly connected to the bottom end of the lower reaction tank, a discharge pipe is symmetrically installed at the bottom of the lower reaction tank, and a partitioning and purging mechanism is installed in the middle reaction tank and the upper reaction tank. The partitioning and purging mechanism can realize the partitioning between the feeding pipe and the reaction tanks and the on-off regulation of the air inlet pipe and the air outlet pipe through the cooperative control of the first electromagnetic valve, the second electromagnetic valve and the third electromagnetic valve, can accurately control the feeding rhythm and can avoid the influence of the disordered flow of the reactants on the reaction effect.

The application relates to the technical field of industrial waste acid treatment, and particularly discloses an intelligent cracking reactor for alkylated waste sulfuric acid and a safety control system thereof, which comprises a composite hearth, a combustion zone, a cracking zone, a turbulent reaction zone and a quenching outlet zone in sequence along a material flow direction; an intelligent atomization unit is in communication with the cracking zone and used for spraying the atomized alkylated waste sulfuric acid into the cracking zone; an intelligent safety control unit is in signal connection with the composite hearth and the intelligent atomization unit; wherein the cracking zone is of a conical contraction structure, a gradient composite lining is arranged on the inner wall of the cracking zone, the gradient composite lining comprises a corrosion-resistant layer, a heat-conducting layer and a heat-insulating layer from inside to outside, and a guide plate is arranged in the turbulent reaction zone. The application can guarantee the uniformity and stability of liquid drop particle sizes, thereby improving the cracking reaction efficiency and reducing the risk of organic carbonization and coking.

The application provides a catalytic cracking and catalytic cracking reaction settler stripping system, and belongs to the technical field of petroleum refining and coal chemical industry. The system has an inner ring annular vapor baffle, an outer ring annular vapor baffle and a middle ring annular vapor baffle. The middle ring annular vapor baffle is in a herringbone shape. One side of the middle ring annular vapor baffle forms an S-shaped inner ring flow path with the inner ring annular vapor baffle. The other side of the middle ring annular vapor baffle forms an S-shaped outer ring flow path with the outer ring annular vapor baffle. In the case of increasing the diameter of the stripping system, the length of the stripping system does not need to be increased, the catalyst, oil and steam can be more fully contacted, and the requirements of large processing capacity of catalytic cracking and catalytic cracking reaction can be met.

The invention relates to a steam cracking facility and method using at least one reactor heat exchanger. According to the invention, the heat required for the cracking reaction is provided by a working fluid circulating in at least one closed-loop circuit (130), this circuit being connected to an inlet of the at least one reactor heat exchanger and to the corresponding outlet. This circuit (130) comprises: at least one device (131, 132) for heating the working fluid located upstream of the at least one reactor heat exchanger (112) with respect to the circulation of the working fluid, at least one heat exchanger (134, 135) located downstream of the at least one reactor heat exchanger (112) and upstream of the at least one heating device (131, 132), at least one device (138) for circulating the working fluid.

This invention discloses a method for producing isopentenene by cracking methyl tert-amyl ether. The method includes: mixing the methyl tert-amyl ether cracking reaction product with a certain amount of water to obtain a mixture; separating the mixture into oil and water, with the separated aqueous phase entering a methanol recovery tower and the separated crude isopentenene phase entering a water washing tower for washing; the washed crude isopentenene phase entering an isomerization reactor from the top of the water washing tower to convert 2-methyl-1-butene to 2-methyl-2-butene, and then entering an isopentenene refining tower for product refining to produce qualified isopentenene product; the bottom material of the water washing tower entering the methanol recovery tower; the methanol at the top of the methanol recovery tower being reused, and the fresh water obtained at the bottom being reused. This invention removes most of the methanol from the reaction product through oil-water separation, reducing the amount of subsequent water used for washing, thereby reducing the throughput of the methanol recovery tower and achieving the goal of reducing the operating cost of the equipment.

This invention provides a method and apparatus for continuous hydrogen production via methane catalytic cracking based on a carbon-based circulating carrier, comprising the following steps: selecting a carbon-based material as a circulating carrier and feeding it into a cracking reactor; introducing methane into the cracking reactor, where it undergoes a cracking reaction with the circulating carrier under anaerobic conditions, generating deposited carbon that is at least partially deposited on the surface and within the pores of the circulating carrier, forming a carbon-carrying carrier; drawing the gas generated from the cracking reactor outlet, removing the carbon-carrying carrier after gas-solid separation; introducing the carbon-carrying carrier into a regeneration reactor; introducing a regeneration medium into the regeneration reactor to cause the deposited carbon on the carbon-carrying carrier to undergo a gasification reaction to obtain a regenerated carrier, adjusting the deposited carbon removal ratio and solids removal ratio, and then returning the regenerated carrier to the cracking reactor to participate in the cracking reaction. This invention has a reasonable structure, ensuring the circulating flow of the carrier to participate in the cracking reaction, and can meet the requirements for long-term stable industrial operation.

This invention relates to the field of pyrolysis, disclosing a pyrolysis reactor, a method for pyrolysis to produce olefins, and its applications. The pyrolysis reactor includes: a feedstock inlet, a product outlet, and sequentially connected pressurization section, preheating section, lightening section, vacuum gasification section, pyrolysis section, and quenching section. The feedstock inlet is located in the preheating section, and the product outlet is located in the quenching section. Each of the preheating section, lightening section, vacuum gasification section, pyrolysis section, and quenching section is equipped with a temperature control device to regulate the temperature of each section during operation. A pressure-reducing device is installed between the lightening section and the vacuum gasification section to lower the pressure of the feedstock entering the vacuum gasification section. The preheating section has a double-layered tube structure, with spiral protrusions on the inner wall of the inner tube and / or the inner wall of the outer tube. This pyrolysis reactor can effectively improve crude oil pyrolysis efficiency and reduce coking and blockage in the radiant section of the pyrolysis unit, thereby reducing operating costs and extending the unit's operating time.

This invention proposes a coaxial sleeve-type integrated ammonia cracking and selective catalytic reduction reaction device, comprising: an exhaust pipe, a reaction sleeve, an ammonia inlet pipe, and a heat exchange sleeve. The exhaust pipe is filled with an SCR catalyst. The reaction sleeve is coaxially sleeved outside the exhaust pipe, with a first annular gap between the reaction sleeve and the exhaust pipe, and the first annular gap is filled with the ammonia cracking catalyst. The ammonia inlet pipe is connected to the inlet of the reaction sleeve. The heat exchange sleeve is coaxially sleeved outside the ammonia inlet pipe, with a second annular gap between the heat exchange sleeve and the ammonia inlet pipe, and the inlet of the heat exchange sleeve is connected to the exhaust port of the reaction sleeve. This invention can fully utilize the waste heat of the internal combustion engine exhaust gas, and through the heat conduction effect of the inner and outer pipe walls, transfer the heat of the exhaust gas in the inner pipe to the ammonia cracking reaction channel in the outer pipe, reducing the energy consumption of ammonia cracking, significantly improving the system integration, and reducing the complexity of the system layout.