1396 results about "Catalytic transformation" patented technology

The present invention provides a method and apparatus for heating a catalytic converter at least to a light off temperature. In accordance with the invention, the catalytic converter may be heated using a novel monolith construction, electrical heating, catalytic combination of a fuel and oxygen or combinations of these methods. Heating or thermally conditioning a catalyst in accordance with the invention rapidly brings the catalyst up to the light off temperature for the efficient conversion of pollutant gases, such as unacceptable emissions emanating from an internal combustion engine, into water, carbon dioxide and other acceptable emissions. In particular, the invention provides efficient heating of the catalytic converter despite the potential presence of water on the catalyst during startup.

A process and plant for the thermocatalytic conversion of waste materials into reusable fuels and a fuel produced by the process, involving the steps of delivering melted waste material (11) to one or more pyrolysis chambers (26) via heated and valved manifolds (22) and effecting pyrolysis of the waste material into a gascous state in an oxygen purged and pressure controlled environment. Pyrolytic gases are, then transferred to a catalytic converter (29) where the molecular structure of the gaseous material is altered in structure and form, with gases then transferred to one or more condensers (30a) to distil and cool gases in to their respective fractions. After post pyrolysis treatment, fuel fractions thon form a useable fuel. Includes the melting of waste (plastic) material (11) before delivery into any of the pyrolysis chambers (26), making the movement of material into the catalytic tower (29) a semi-continuous operation, directing melted waste material into one or more, but preferably four, pyrolysis chambers (26a, b, c, d), making each chamber capable of independent operation, optionally mechanically removing waste char from the pyrolysis chamber (107) by use of an internet auger (112) or other suitable means.

The invention discloses a catalytic conversion method for preparing ethylene, propylene and aromatic hydrocarbon. Hydrocarbon raw material with different cracking performances is contacted with a catalytic cracking catalyst, and cracking reaction is carried out in a fluidized bed reactor under the conditions that the temperature is 550 DEG C to 800 DEG C, the weight hourly space velocity is 0.1-800h<-1>, the reaction pressure is 0.10MPa to 1.0MPa, the weight ratio of the catalytic cracking catalyst and the raw material is 10-150, and the weight ratio of steam and the raw material is 0.15-1.0.Then a spent catalyst and reaction oil gas are separated, the spent catalyst returns to the reactor after regeneration, and the target products comprising low carbon olefin and the aromatic hydrocarbon are obtained by separating the reaction oil gas, wherein, fraction with the temperature to be 160 DEG C to 260 DEG C returns for catalytic cracking as circulating material, and the ethylene and the propylene are further obtained by cracking of ethane, propane, butane, and the steam entered. Low carbon olefin such as ethylene, propylene, and the like, is produced from heavy feedstock to the utmost extent in the method, and the yield of the ethylene and the propylene is over 20% by weight, in addition, the aromatic hydrocarbon such as toluene, xylene, and the like, are produced in an integrated way.

The invention relates to a catalytic conversion method for preparing lower olefins and aromatics. Raw oil with different cracking performances enters different reaction zones of a first riser reactor to contact with a catalytic cracking catalyst for cracking reaction to separate a spent catalyst from reaction oil gas, wherein the reaction oil gas is separated to obtain a product containing lower olefins, gasoline, distillates with distillation range of 180-250 DEG C and catalytic wax oil, wherein the gasoline is extracted by light aromatics to obtain light aromatics and gasoline raffinate; the raw materials are cracked to be sent into a second riser reactor to contract with a hot regenerated catalyst for catalytic conversion; and the spent catalysts of the two riser reactors are burned and regenerated in the same one regenerator and then returns to the two riser reactors. The method uses heavy raw materials to furthest produce the lower olefins, such as propylene, ethylene, and the like, particularly the propylene, the production rate can exceed 40 wt%, and at the same time the method can coproduce the aromatics, such as toluene, xylene, and the like.

An exhaust gas post treatment system for nitrogen oxide and particle reduction of internal combustion engines operated with excess air. An oxidation catalytic converter is disposed in the exhaust gas stream of the engine for converting at least a portion of the nitric oxide in the exhaust gas into nitrogen dioxide. The first particle separator or filter is disposed in the exhaust gas stream downstream of the oxidation catalytic converter for converting carbon particles accumulated in the separator or filter into carbon monoxide, carbon dioxide, nitrogen and nitric oxide with the aid of nitrogen dioxide contained in the exhaust gas. A partial exhaust gas stream is branched off from the exhaust gas stream upstream of the first separator or filter. A metering device adds reduction agent to the partial exhaust gas stream in the form of ammonia or a material that releases ammonia downstream of the supply location due to hot exhaust gas. A second particle separator or filter is disposed in the partial exhaust gas stream downstream of the supply location. The partial exhaust gas stream returns to the exhaust gas stream downstream of both particle separators or filters. An SCR catalytic converter is disposed downstream of the return location for reducing nitrogen oxides in the exhaust gas to nitrogen and water vapor with the aid of ammonia or released ammonia by way of selective catalytic reduction.

The present invention relates to shale oil processing procedure, which includes the steps of hydrogenating shale oil to obtain hydrogenated shale oil; separating into heavy hydrogenated shale oil and light product; catalytically converting the heavy hydrogenated shale oil to obtain dry gas, liquefied gas, gasoline, diesel oil and catalytic heavy oil; and returning the diesel oil to the hydrogenating step. The shale oil processing procedure has the advantages of high light product yield and high product quality.

A combined catalytic converting process for preparing low-carbon olefin with high output includes such steps as contacting between heavy oil as raw material, regenerated catalyst and carbon deposited catalyst in flow-down tube reactor, cracking reaction, separating the cracked product from the catalyst to be regenerated, separating low-carbon olefin from cracked product, contacting between rest of said product and regenerated catalyst in flow-up tube reactor, reaction, separating oil gas from catalyst, separating low-carbon olefin from oil gas, and regenerating the catalyst.

The invention provides a method for catalytic conversion production of propylene and light aromatics, which is characterized in that a hydrocarbon raw material and a catalytic cracking catalyst are contacted in a composite reactor for reacting under the catalytic cracking condition, the reaction products and the to-be-regenerated catalyst are separated, the separated to-be-regenerated catalyst is circularly used through stripping and performing coke burn-off regeneration, the separated reaction products is fractionated to obtain low carbon olefin, gasoline containing light aromatics and the like, and separated to obtain the light aromatics further; the composite reactor comprises a riser reactor and a fluidized bed reactor, an outlet of the riser reactor is communicated with a lower part of the fluidized bed reactor, a stripper is positioned at the lower part of the fluidized bed reactor, an upper part of the stripper is communicated with the bottom of the fluidized bed reactor, and the outlet of the fluidized bed reactor is communicated with the inlet of a gas solid separation device in a settler though a conveying pathway, a catalyst outlet of the settler is communicated with the lower part of the fluidized bed reactor. According to the invention, propylene and light aromatics enable high yield by using the method.

The present invention generally relates to processes for the chemocatalytic conversion of a glucose source to an adipic acid product. The present invention includes processes for the conversion of glucose to an adipic acid product via glucaric acid or derivatives thereof. The present invention also includes processes comprising catalytic oxidation of glucose to glucaric acid or derivative thereof and processes comprising the catalytic hydrodeoxygenation of glucaric acid or derivatives thereof to an adipic acid product. The present invention also includes products produced from adipic acid product and processes for the production thereof from such adipic acid product.

The invention relates to a catalytic conversion method for preparing lower olefins and aromatics. Raw oil with different cracking performances enters different reaction zones of a first riser reactor to contact with a catalytic cracking catalyst for cracking reaction to separate a spent catalyst from reaction oil gas, wherein the spent catalyst after stripping enters a first regenerator and returns to a first riser after scorching regeneration, the reaction oil gas is separated to obtain a product containing lower olefins, gasoline, distillates with distillation range of 180-250 DEG C and catalytic wax oil, wherein the gasoline is extracted by light aromatics to obtain light aromatics and gasoline raffinate; the raw materials are cracked to be sent into a second riser reactor to contract with a hot regenerated catalyst for catalytic conversion; and the spent catalyst is burned and regenerated in a second regenerator and then returns to a second riser reactor. The method uses heavy rawmaterials to furthest produce the lower olefins, such as propylene, ethylene, and the like, particularly the propylene, the production rate can exceed 40 wt%, and at the same time the method can coproduce the aromatics, such as toluene, xylene, and the like.

The catalytic hydrocarbon converting process for preparing low carbon olefin cracks hydrocarbon material catalytically to obtain C2-C4 olefin, gasoline, diesel oil, heavy oil and other low molecular saturated hydrocarbons. The catalyst therefor contains zeolite mixture in 1-60 wt%, heat resistant inorganic oxide in 5-99 wt% and clay in 0-70 wt%. The zeolite mixture contains phosphorus and transition metal M modified beta- zeolite in 1-75 wt% and other kinds of zeolite, and the phosphorus and transition metal M modified beta- zeolite has the anhydrous chemical expression of (0-0.3)Na2O.(0.5-10)Al2O3.(1.3-10)P2O5.(0.7-15)MxOy.(64-97)SiO2, where, M is one or several selected from Fe, Co, Ni, Cu, Mn, Zn and Sn, x is the atom number of M and y is atom number of O in the oxide of M. The process of the present invention has high hydrocarbon converting capacity, and high low carbon olefin yield, especially high propene yield.

The invention provides a method for using plants to control and restore soil and to generate a biological fuel. The method comprises: planting fast-growing economic crops abundant in cellulose and lignin in polluted metal mine soil, wherein the crops are capable of absorbing and gathering heavy metals in the soil in the rapid growth process; after harvesting, moving away the economic crops, employing technologies such as thermochemistry, catalytic transformation and the like to transfer the economic crops into a biological ethanol fuel; at the same time extracting the heavy metals absorbed and gathered by the crops for separate treatment; and performing pyrolysis and charring on the residual solid residue to form biological charcoal for recycling in the mine soil and absorption of heavy metals and organic pollutants in the soil so as to gradually make the polluted soil restored and improved. The method of the invention helps to substantially reduce soil restoration cost, and reaches the purposes of cascade utilization, cyclic utilization and ecological environment protection.

Ligands, compositions, and metal-ligand complexes that incorporate phenol-heterocyclic compounds are disclosed that are useful in the catalysis of transformations such as the polymerization of monomers into polymers. The catalysts have high performance characteristics, including high comonomer incorporation into ethylene/olefin copolymers, where such olefins are for example, 1-octene, propylene or styrene. The catalysts particularly polymerize styrene to form polystyrene.

A method for metering ammonia into the exhaust-gas region of an internal combustion engine and a device for implementing the method. The ammonia storage capacity of an SCR catalytic converter situated in the exhaust-gas region of the internal combustion engine is utilized. After the internal combustion engine has been switched off, ammonia is introduced into the exhaust-gas region in front of the SCR catalytic converter. Thus, following a renewed start-up of the internal combustion engine, the ammonia required in the SCR catalytic converter for reducing the nitrogen oxides contained in the exhaust gas of the internal combustion engine are already available before an ammonia source is ready for operation. The procedure eliminates the need for a pressure storage of ammonia in the switched-off state of the internal combustion engine.

The present invention relates to a catalytic conversion process for producing more diesel and propylene, comprising contacting the feedstock oil with a catalyst having a relatively homogeneous activity in a reactor, wherein the reaction temperature, weight hourly space velocity and weight ratio of the catalyst/feedstock oil are sufficient to obtain a reaction product containing from 12 to 60% by weight of a fluid catalytic cracking gas oil relative to the weight of the feedstock oil; the fluid catalytic cracking gas oil is fed into the fluid catalytic cracking gas oil treatment device for further processing. Catalytic cracking, hydrogenation, solvent extraction, hydrocracking and process for producing more diesel are organically combined together, and hydrocarbons such as alkanes, alkyl side chains in the feedstocks for catalysis are selectively cracked and isomerized. Meanwhile, aromatics in the feedstocks, which enter into the diesel fraction, are minimized, and the retention of other components in the diesel fraction by the production of aromatics via the reaction such as aromatization and the like is avoided. While the feedstocks are converted into high cetane number diesel and propylene, the yields of dry gas and coke are significantly reduced, and the breaking tendency and consumption of the catalyst are decreased.

Apparatus and method for NOx reduction. A reducing catalyst is provided on a monolith or other suitable catalytic converter element. A multi-mode fuel processor of liquid hydrocarbon fuel is capable of delivering a required quantity and composition of a reducing agent while operating in a desired sequence of the following modes: partial oxidation, incomplete pyrolysis, evaporation, combustion, and atomization. Temperature sensors detect the catalyst temperature and means are provided to introduce the reducing agent into the exhaust stream at a rate correlated to the measured temperature. Means also provided to implement a predetermined control algorithm.

An exhaust-gas purification system and method are provided for an internal combustion engine having an NOx storage catalytic converter and a downstream SCR catalytic converter. The NOx storage catalytic converter can be supplied in a first operating mode with an oxidizing exhaust gas and in a second operating mode with a reducing exhaust gas. A third operating mode is provided between the first operating mode and the second operating mode, in which an exhaust gas which has a lower content of oxidizing constituents than the first operating mode and a lower content of reducing constituents than the second operating mode can be supplied to the NOx storage catalytic converter to improve NH₃ production at the start of converter regeneration.

The invention provides a preparation method and application of allulose. The preparation method comprises the following step: by adopting glucose as a raw material and adopting molybdate as a catalyst, performing catalytic conversion, separation and purification to obtain allulose with corresponding configuration. The method provided by the invention mainly comprises the following step: by adopting a chemical method, preparing a crystal allulose product by virtue of working procedures such as chemical differential phase isomerism, refined chromatography separation and purification, concentration and crystallization and the like by adopting glucose as the raw material. The preparation method provided by the invention is simple in process, short in time consumption, high in reaction speed and high in efficiency, and the problems that a conventional enzymatic method for preparing D-allulose products is poor in enzyme stability and low in efficiency and the like can be solved.

The subject invention refers to a muffler comprising a muffler housing (1, 2) and generally a catalytic converter element (13) mounted in the housing, which muffler has at least one inner outlet (4) through which exhaust gases cleaned by the catalytic element (13) are intended to pass. Furthermore, according to the invention an outlet duct (30, 31) is arranged in connection to the outside of the housing, comprising a first section (30) for leading exhaust gases in a first direction (A) in parallel with the outside of the housing, and a second section (31) for leading exhaust gases in a second, opposite direction (B), whereby said first and second sections (30, 31) have an essentially equally large cross-sectional area. By way of this outlet duct an improved cooling of the exhaust gases before they are brought in contact with fresh air rich in oxygen can be achieved. A back-pulsation of fresh air into the muffler can also be prevented.