609 results about "Catalytic transformation" patented technology

The invention relates to the technical field of biological catalysis, and discloses an L379A mutant enzyme for preparing rebaudioside I. The enzyme is obtained by the following mutations generated by UGT76G1: leucine of the 379th amino acid sequence is mutated into alanine; the enzyme can be applied to RA in-vitro conversion preparation of RI with higher utilization value, the conversion rate is higher than 50%, and the enzyme activity is remarkably improved by 7 times compared with the original enzyme catalytic conversion enzyme activity. The UGT76G1 mutant disclosed by the invention has the advantages that (1) the blank is filled, and a special enzyme catalyst capable of realizing efficient in-vitro synthesis of rebaudioside I (RI) is provided for the first time; 2) efficiency jump: the catalytic conversion rate is greatly increased from original about 7% to more than 50% (increase gt; and 3) stability and reliability: in the cross-scale reaction of 10mL to 5L, the catalyst has stable catalytic performance, shows excellent industrial application potential, and is suitable for popularization and application.

Method for calculating NH3 and NOx concentrations downstream from an SCR system of an internal combustion engine (E) of a vehicle by means of a statistical module, the method comprising the following steps: using temperature measurements acquired upstream (T1) and downstream (T2) of the Selective Reduction Catalyst (SCR) as first input variables and NOx mass flow measurements acquired upstream (N1) and downstream (N2) of the SCR as second input variables; calculating an NH3 concentration downstream from the SCR catalytic converter as a function of the first and second inputs.

The invention belongs to the technical field of gene engineering, and particularly relates to fusion vitamin D hydroxylase and application thereof in preparation of 25-hydroxy vitamin D2 and 25-hydroxy vitamin D3. The fusion vitamin D hydroxylase comprises a Vdh-K1 heme structural domain of which the amino acid sequence is shown as SEQ ID NO.1, a CYP116B65 redox structural domain of which the amino acid sequence is shown as SEQ ID NO.3, and a linker for connecting the Vdh-K1 heme structural domain and the CYP116B65 redox structural domain. The fusion vitamin D hydroxylase is a self-sufficiency enzyme, and can realize stable catalytic conversion of vitamin D2 and vitamin D3 on the premise of not depending on an Fdx and Fdr assisted electron transfer system.

The invention discloses an integrated hydrogen-ammonia engine tail gas nitrogen pollutant thermocatalytic conversion device, and relates to the technical field of hydrogen-ammonia engine tail gas treatment, the integrated hydrogen-ammonia engine tail gas nitrogen pollutant thermocatalytic conversion device comprises a shell and an electric control unit; the shell comprises a component detection device, an electric heating type mixing plate, a urea solution spraying device, a temperature monitoring device, a purification device and an electric control unit; the purification device comprises a two-section type structure, namely a first-section SCR reaction area and a second-section ASC-NDC integration area; the electric control unit is electrically connected with each electric component; according to the invention, sequencing optimization and integrated design of hydrogen-ammonia engine parts are realized, and the requirements of triple-effect collaborative purification of nitrogen pollutants, high efficiency, energy conservation and stable operation under all working conditions are met.

The invention discloses a process for preparing synthesis gas by non-catalytic and catalytic coupling of hydrocarbon-containing raw material gas. The process comprises the following steps: (S1) dividing preheated raw material gas into first raw material gas and second raw material gas; (S2) introducing the first raw material gas, water vapor and preheated oxygen into a non-catalytic reactor, and carrying out a non-catalytic conversion reaction to generate first synthesis gas; (S3) introducing the second raw material gas and supplemented water vapor into a pre-catalytic reactor, and carrying out pre-catalytic conversion reaction to generate second synthesis gas; (S4) introducing the first synthesis gas and the second synthesis gas into a catalytic reactor, and carrying out catalytic conversion reaction to prepare third synthesis gas; and (S5) carrying out heat recovery on the prepared third synthesis gas to obtain the synthesis gas. According to the invention, the non-catalytic conversion reaction and the catalytic conversion reaction are coupled, so that the material consumption is greatly reduced, and meanwhile, heat is provided for the catalytic conversion reaction through the non-catalytic conversion reaction, so that the heat is recovered to a great extent.

The application discloses a high-performance separator coating for lithium battery positive electrodes and a processing method thereof, and belongs to the technical field of lithium battery materials, aiming to solve the problems of weak inhibition of polysulfides, difficult balance between ion transmission and blocking, poor high-temperature stability and low processing efficiency of the existing separator coating. The separator coating is composed of a composite sulfur carrier, a conductive additive, a functional adhesive and a thermal stability enhancer, adopts a double-layer gradient structure with a low-porosity dense barrier in the inner layer and a high-porosity high-efficiency lithium transmission in the outer layer, and its processing method comprises composite sulfur carrier preparation, double-station alternating coating, gradient temperature vacuum drying and low-temperature plasma activation. The application realizes triple synergy of physical adsorption, chemical anchoring and catalytic conversion, so that the capacity retention rate of lithium-sulfur batteries after multiple cycles still reaches a high level, the thermal shrinkage rate of the coating is low, the product qualified rate is improved, and the application is suitable for high-energy-density lithium-sulfur batteries and high-nickel ternary lithium batteries, and meets the long-cycle and high-safety requirements.

The invention discloses a Pickering IL emulsion microreactor constructed on the basis of temperature-sensitive double-enzyme Janus spheres and application of the Pickering IL emulsion microreactor to enhanced catalysis of conversion of CO2 into formic acid. A Janus emulsion template method is combined with a photocuring technology to synthesize a nano-scale dual-functional temperature-sensitive Janus sphere, one half of the nano-scale dual-functional temperature-sensitive Janus sphere is a hydrophilic hydrocarbon polymer, the other half of the nano-scale dual-functional temperature-sensitive Janus sphere is a hydrophobic fluorocarbon polymer, and rapid inversion of a Pickering emulsion can be realized by utilizing temperature sensitivity. The method comprises the following steps: preparing a Janus particle hydrophilic / hydrophobic hemisphere, selectively immobilizing formate dehydrogenase FDH and carbonic anhydrase CA on the Janus particle hydrophilic / hydrophobic hemisphere to obtain a temperature-sensitive FDH-Janus-CA composite sphere, introducing a fluorine-functionalized ionic liquid to regulate and control the internal microenvironment of a microreactor, and constructing a Pickering IL emulsion microreactor. The CO2 absorption capacity is increased by 47 times compared with that of a pure water system, the formic acid yield reaches 27.5 mM and is higher than the maximum value 22.8 mM of current enzyme electrocatalysis, the storage and catalysis stability is good, and an efficient and sustainable scheme is provided for CO2 recycling.

A process for the synthesis of methanol (MeOH) comprising the following steps: (a) passing a water-containing stream (3) through an electrolysis unit (4) to produce a cathode-side stream (5) comprising hydrogen (H2) and an anode-side stream (6) comprising oxygen (O2); (b) heat-exchanging said cathode-side stream (5) and optionally said anode-side stream (6) in one or more indirect heat exchanger(s) (7, 8, 32, 33) to obtain a cathode-side heat-exchanged stream (9) and optionally an anode-side heat-exchanged stream (10); (c) condensing said cathode-side heat-exchanged stream (9) to separate a liquid condensate product (11) and a syngas (12); said cathode-side stream (5) and / or said syngas (12) comprise carbon dioxide and optional carbon monoxide added through a separate stream (2); (d) compressing said syngas (12) in a compressor (27, 28) and then feeding compressed syngas (13) to a MeOH synthesis loop (14) wherein catalytic conversion of said compressed syngas (13) into MeOH is carried out under methanol synthesis conditions, thus obtaining a crude methanol stream (15); (e) distilling said crude methanol stream (15) in one or more distillation column(s) (16, 17) to give a refined MeOH product (19, 22); (i) recycling as feed to the electrolysis unit (4) at least a portion of at least one of: (A) a portion (31) of said compressed syngas (13); and / or (B) a bottom water stream (20) of a distillation column (16, 17).

An oven appliance includes a housing defining a discharge vent, a cooking chamber positioned within the housing, an exhaust duct providing fluid communication between the cooking chamber and the discharge vent, an air handler operably coupled with the exhaust duct for urging a flow of heated air from the cooking chamber, through the exhaust duct, and out of the discharge vent, and a catalytic converter assembly. The catalytic converter assembly includes a catalytic element positioned within the exhaust duct for lowering volatile organic compounds from the flow of heated air and a catalyst heater positioned upstream of the catalytic element for selectively heating the flow of heated air.

The invention discloses a lithium battery positive electrode high-performance diaphragm coating and a processing method, belongs to the technical field of lithium battery materials, and aims to solve the problems of weak polysulfide shuttling inhibition, difficulty in balancing ion transmission and barrier properties, poor high-temperature stability and low processing efficiency of an existing diaphragm coating. The diaphragm coating consists of a composite sulfur carrier, a conductive additive, a functional adhesive and a thermal stability enhancer, and adopts a double-layer gradient structure with low porosity of an inner layer for compact blocking and high porosity of an outer layer for efficient lithium transmission; the processing method comprises the steps of preparation of the composite sulfur carrier, double-station alternate coating, gradient heating vacuum drying and low-temperature plasma activation. According to the invention, triple synergy of physical adsorption, chemical anchoring and catalytic conversion is realized, so that the capacity retention ratio of the lithium-sulfur battery after multiple cycles still reaches a relatively high level, the thermal shrinkage rate of the coating is relatively low, the product percent of pass is improved, and the method is suitable for high-energy-density lithium-sulfur batteries and high-nickel ternary lithium batteries, and meets the requirements of long cycle and high safety.

According to the nickel-based catalyst and the preparation method and application thereof, through Ga modification, the methane cracking depth can be reduced, and then carbon deposition is effectively inhibited; ceO2 oxygen vacancies can effectively activate CO2, the generated intermediate oxygen species O further reacts with deposited carbon so as to achieve the purpose of carbon cleaning, the GaxNi / CeO2 catalyst is prepared by adopting a urea homogeneous precipitation method, 1000-hour long-term stable catalytic conversion of the nickel-based catalyst in a carbon dioxide methane dry reforming reaction is achieved, and the catalyst has the advantages of simple process, low cost and high efficiency. The nickel-based catalyst prepared by the method can keep good catalytic stability.

The invention discloses a method for synthesizing N, N-dimethylformamide through electrochemical catalytic conversion of dimethylamine. The synthesis method provided by the invention comprises the following steps: by taking dimethylamine as a single substrate, carrying out in-situ electrochemical oxidation reaction to obtain N, N-dimethylformamide; a working electrode used in the in-situ electrochemical oxidation reaction is a composite electrode loaded with a co-oxide Cr2WO6 crystal. According to the synthesis method provided by the invention, only dimethylamine is used as a substrate, and the substrate is few in variety and low in concentration, so that the raw material cost is greatly reduced, and the damage of the high-concentration substrate to a catalyst and reaction equipment is reduced; in addition, the method is high in Faraday efficiency, has important practical application value for efficient resource utilization of dimethylamine, and has far-reaching significance in the aspect of carbon neutralization at present.

The application discloses a P450 enzyme mutant for degrading herbicides and application thereof, and the P450 enzyme mutant is named P450 BSβ -F46A, P450 BSβ -F46A-CPR; the amino acid sequences are shown in SEQ ID NO. 2 and 4 respectively. The application also discloses application of the P450 enzyme mutant in degrading pyridine oxycarboxylic acid herbicides or aryloxyphenoxypropionic acid herbicides and related genes in cultivating herbicide-resistant transgenic crops. Experiments prove that the highest conversion rate of the P450 enzyme mutant for degrading pyridine oxycarboxylic acid herbicides reaches 86%, and the total conversion number of catalyzing flumiclorac can reach 7443 at most, and the highest catalytic conversion rate of degrading aryloxyphenoxypropionic acid herbicides reaches 89%. The P450 enzyme mutant provided by the application has the advantages of high catalytic efficiency, high protein expression amount and low industrial cost, and the whole operation process for degrading herbicides is simple, the process is mature, the cost is low, and the application prospect is wide.

Deterioration diagnostic device for an exhaust gas control catalyst, wherein the deterioration diagnostic device is configured to diagnose deterioration of the exhaust gas control catalyst which is provided in an exhaust port of an internal combustion engine and is configured to store oxygen, and wherein the deterioration diagnostic device comprises: a downstream air-fuel ratio sensor (43) configured to detect an air-fuel ratio of an exhaust gas that has flowed out of the exhaust control catalyst; and a control device (31) configured to control an air-fuel ratio of an exhaust gas flowing into the exhaust control catalyst and to diagnose deterioration of the exhaust control catalyst based on an output from the downstream air-fuel ratio sensor (43), wherein the control device (31) is configured in a deterioration diagnostic process to diagnose deterioration of the exhaust control catalyst to alternately and repeatedly perform a rich process and a lean process, wherein the rich process is a process in which the air-fuel ratio of the exhaust gas flowing into the exhaust control catalyst is controlled to a rich air-fuel ratio that is richer than a stoichiometric air-fuel ratio, and wherein the lean process is a process in which the air-fuel ratio of the exhaust gas flowing into the exhaust control catalyst is controlled to a lean air-fuel ratio that is leaner than the stoichiometric air-fuel ratio. to switch from the rich process to the lean process when the amount of oxygen released by the exhaust gas control catalyst since the start of the rich process equals the first amount of oxygen, and to switch from the lean process to the rich process when the amount of oxygen stored in the exhaust gas control catalyst since the start of the lean process equals the second amount of oxygen, which is lower than the first amount of oxygen, and to determine that the exhaust gas control catalyst has deteriorated when the lean process is carried out and a frequency at which an output air-fuel ratio of the downstream air-fuel ratio sensor (43) is equal to the lean air-fuel ratio is equal to or greater than a predetermined frequency.

The invention discloses a catalyst for preparing a C4 + oxygen-containing compound through catalytic conversion of ethanol and a preparation method and application thereof, and belongs to a catalyst technology. The catalyst is composed of a carrier and an active component, the carrier is spinel metal oxide AB2O4, and has high specific surface area, rich pore structure and uniform particle size; the active component is high-dispersion metal M, and the metal M accounts for 0.1-5% of the total mass of the catalyst. The preparation method of the catalyst comprises the following steps: preparing the carrier, and anchoring the active component on the carrier in a highly dispersed manner in a molten salt in-situ loading manner, so that the active component of the catalyst and the carrier form a strong synergistic catalysis effect, and the catalyst has the characteristics of high activity and high stability. Under the reaction conditions that the pressure is 3.0 MPa, the temperature is 250 DEG C and the air speed is 3.0 h <-1 >, the selectivity for preparing the C4 < + > oxygen-containing compound through ethanol conversion is as high as 97.6%, and obvious inactivation can be avoided after 200 hours of stable operation.

The invention discloses a sulfur-resistant and water-resistant catalyst for efficiently removing CVOCs as well as a preparation method and application of the sulfur-resistant and water-resistant catalyst, and belongs to the field of air pollution purification. The preparation method of the sulfur-resistant and water-resistant catalyst for efficiently removing the CVOCs comprises the following steps: S1, carrying out high-temperature roasting on a molecular sieve, and cooling; s2, a precious metal precursor and a transition metal precursor are weighed according to the proportion, and a mixed aqueous solution is prepared; and S3, mixing the molecular sieve treated in the step S1 with the mixed aqueous solution, exchanging, washing, carrying out suction filtration, and drying and roasting a solid to obtain the sulfur-resistant and water-resistant catalyst for efficiently removing the CVOCs. The catalyst prepared by the invention has excellent water resistance and SO2 poisoning resistance, has efficient low-temperature catalytic activity, and can be used for efficient catalytic conversion of chlorobenzene.

To make three of generation of negative pressure for a brake booster, ignition timing retard for warming up a catalyst, and securing of torque for maintaining idle operation coexist to the maximum.SOLUTION: An engine required torque to be generated for maintaining an idle operation is calculated (S1), a net target air amount required for the engine required torque is calculated when an ignition timing is MBT (S2), a required ignition timing retard amount required for warming up a three way catalytic converter is determined (S3), a retard target air amount required for realizing the engine required torque under an ignition timing according to the required ignition timing retard amount is calculated (S4, S5), and an upper limit differential pressure securing target air amount required for securing a negative pressure is calculated (S6). The retard target air amount and the differential pressure securing target air amount are compared with each other (S7), and when the retard target air amount is equal to or less than the differential pressure securing target air amount, the throttle valve is controlled according to the retard target air amount, and the ignition timing retard according to the required ignition timing retard amount is performed (S8 to 10).SELECTED DRAWING: Figure 2

A control signal is issued to a turbo shaft actuator to rotate a turbine at a first turbine speed in response to an ignition turn on signal. The first turbine speed is different from a default turbine speed. The rotation of the turbine at the default turbine speed results in exhaust gas having a first exhaust gas temperature after the exhaust gas passes through the turbine to a catalyst brick of the vehicle. The rotation of the turbine at the first turbine speed results in the exhaust gas having a second exhaust gas temperature after the exhaust gas passes through the turbine to the catalyst brick. The second exhaust gas temperature is higher than the first exhaust gas temperature. When the catalyst temperature is greater than a catalyst light-off temperature a control signal is issued to the turbo shaft actuator to rotate the turbine at the default speed.

The invention discloses application of a carbon dioxide adsorption catalytic material in capturing carbon dioxide in air and catalytically converting the carbon dioxide into synthesis gas, relates to a preparation method and application of a material for directly capturing and preparing green synthesis gas in situ, and belongs to the field of carbon dioxide adsorption catalytic bifunctional materials. The preparation method of the material comprises the following steps: manufacturing a large number of point defects on silver-loaded graphene aerogel through thermal reduction and plasma treatment, grafting an ionic liquid, synthesizing a novel bifunctional catalyst, and carrying out direct air trapping and catalysis in an adsorption column, so as to obtain the silver-loaded graphene aerogel. The synthesized novel catalyst can be used for capturing at low carbon dioxide concentration, and then catalyzing carbon dioxide into synthesis gas through electro-catalysis, so that a product with a high additional value is obtained.

The invention belongs to the technical field of CO2 catalytic conversion, and discloses an in-situ reduction efficient CO2 methanation catalyst as well as a preparation method and application thereof. The efficient CO2 methanation catalyst NiA (CO3) xRe is formed by in-situ reduction of Ni and A coupled carbonate NiA (CO3) x, wherein A is selected from one of Mg, Ce and Al. NiA (CO3) xRe is prepared by a coprecipitation method. According to the present invention, the reaction equilibrium conversion is achieved at 300 DEG C in the reaction atmosphere with the CO2: H2: N2 volume ratio of 1: 4: 5 and the air speed of 150000 mL.gcat <-1 >. H <-1 >, the methane selectivity reaches 100%, the methane yield reaches 677.8 mmol.gcat <-1 >. H <-1 >, and the methane selectivity is still not reduced after the operation is performed for 100 h under the condition; compared with the prior art, the prepared catalyst greatly improves the high efficiency and stability of methanation catalytic reaction, the preparation process is simple, large-scale production is easy to achieve, the catalyst is matched with the temperature of coal-fired flue gas, energy does not need to be input again, efficient conversion can be completed, carbon emission is effectively reduced, and high-value products are obtained for use; and a favorable way is provided for realizing a carbon neutralization target.

The application provides an industrial tail gas carbon monoxide catalytic conversion device, and belongs to the technical field of industrial tail gas treatment.The device comprises a catalytic conversion tank, a plurality of layers of catalytic carriers are arranged in the catalytic conversion tank, the catalytic carriers have radial honeycomb channels and axial honeycomb channels, the inner walls of the radial honeycomb channels and the axial honeycomb channels are coated with a catalyst coating for catalytically converting carbon monoxide into carbon dioxide, a flow guide is connected to each layer of catalytic carriers, a flow guide channel is formed between the inner annular surface and the bottom surface of the catalytic carrier, the flow guide channel is communicated with the radial honeycomb channels and the axial honeycomb channels and forms a gas flow path of the catalytic carrier, the peripheral wall of the catalytic conversion tank is provided with a plurality of gas inlet rings, and the gas flow paths of the layers of catalytic carriers are sequentially connected in series from bottom to top through the gas inlet rings.The industrial tail gas carbon monoxide catalytic conversion device can avoid the high energy consumption problem of catalytic combustion treatment of carbon monoxide tail gas and reduce the cost of industrial tail gas treatment.

The invention relates to a method and device for preparing low-carbon olefins, and the method comprises the following steps: S1, contacting raw oil with a catalytic conversion catalyst in a catalytic conversion reactor for catalytic conversion reaction to obtain a catalytic conversion reaction product; s2, separating the catalytic conversion reaction product to obtain ethylene and propylene as well as a first circulating olefin flow containing butene and / or a second circulating olefin flow containing C5 + olefin; s3, enabling the olefin material to enter an etherification unit, and contacting the olefin material with an alcohol raw material under an etherification condition to obtain a circulating ether material and etherified olefin; and S4, enabling at least one part of etherified olefin to enter an isomerization unit, and carrying out isomerization reaction in the presence of an isomerization catalyst to obtain isomerized olefin. According to the method disclosed by the invention, the conversion of ethers into low-carbon olefins can be realized, the yield and selectivity of ethylene and propylene are improved, the yield of methane is reduced, the content of methanol in the product is reduced to the greatest extent, and the conversion of low-cost methanol into low-carbon olefins is realized.

The invention discloses a low-odor reinforced polypropylene composite material and a preparation method thereof. The low-odor reinforced polypropylene composite material is prepared from 55-90 parts by weight of polypropylene resin, 5-40 parts by weight of glass fibers, 2-5 parts by weight of polypropylene grafted glycidyl methacrylate, 0.5-3 parts by weight of a composite adsorbent and 0.5-2 parts by weight of other auxiliary agents. Wherein the composite adsorbent is formed by compounding an inorganic carrier with an adsorption function and an organic component with an adsorption or catalytic conversion function. Through a whole-process solution integrating'source reduction-process adsorption / catalysis-deep desorption ', the odor and the VOCs content of the glass fiber reinforced polypropylene composite material are remarkably reduced, and meanwhile, the core mechanical properties of high strength and high toughness of the glass fiber reinforced polypropylene composite material are completely kept.

This invention belongs to the field of catalyst technology, specifically relating to a modified activated carbon material for catalyst support and its preparation method. The preparation method of the modified activated carbon material for catalyst support includes the following steps: adding pretreated activated carbon and a thiol-containing silane coupling agent to an ethanol-water solution, stirring and reacting, then adding functionalized onion carbon and a catalyst to continue the reaction, filtering, washing, and drying to obtain activated carbon loaded with onion carbon; under the action of an acidic catalyst, reacting the onion carbon-loaded activated carbon and N-hydroxyethylimine diacetic acid in N,N-dimethylformamide to obtain the modified activated carbon material. The modified activated carbon material prepared by this invention, when used as a catalyst support, exhibits excellent active material immobilization effect and long-term stability, which is beneficial for improving catalytic conversion rate.

This invention provides a catalytic converter that can stably improve the purification rate of a three-way catalytic converter. [Solution] The catalytic converter 2 comprises a three-way catalytic converter 5 for purifying engine exhaust gas, a baffle plate 6 having a plurality of holes through which exhaust gas passes, and a case 3 that houses the three-way catalytic converter 5 and the baffle plate 6. The case 3 has an inlet 31 for introducing exhaust gas discharged from the engine, an expanding 32 for expanding the flow path cross-sectional area of ​​the exhaust gas that has entered from the inlet 31, a housing 33 for housing the three-way catalytic converter 5, a contracting 34 for reducing the flow path cross-sectional area of ​​the exhaust gas that has passed through the three-way catalytic converter 5, and an outlet 35 for releasing the exhaust gas that has passed through the contracting 34. The outlet 35 has a mounting portion 351 to which an oxygen sensor 4 for detecting the oxygen concentration contained in the exhaust gas flowing through the outlet 35 is attached. The baffle plate 6 is provided inside the case 3 between the three-way catalytic converter 5 and the mounting portion 351.

The invention belongs to the technical field of tert-butylamine preparation, and particularly relates to a preparation process for synthesizing tert-butylamine by adopting methyl tert-butyl ether. The preparation process comprises the following steps: preparing calcium alginate microspheres; preparing an SAPO precursor solution; performing composite crystallization; preparing an SAPO-11 carrier; preparing an ammonium type SAPO-11 carrier; preparing a metal supported catalyst; preparing an activated catalyst; methyl tert-butyl ether and liquid ammonia are used as raw materials, and tert-butylamine is prepared under the catalysis of an activated catalyst. According to the preparation process for synthesizing the tert-butylamine by adopting the methyl tert-butyl ether, the process of catalytically synthesizing the tert-butylamine by taking the methyl tert-butyl ether and the ammonia as raw materials follows an acid catalytic cracking nucleophilic addition coupling mechanism, and the prepared hierarchical pore CuZn / HSAPO11 catalyst remarkably reduces the reaction activation energy through the synergistic effect of B acid, L acid and metal active sites; high-activity and high-selectivity catalytic conversion at low temperature is realized, and high-purity tert-butylamine is prepared.

A fuel-cell exhaust system for a fuel cell system includes a water separation arrangement for separating water contained in fuel-cell exhaust gas and a hydrogen catalyst arrangement for catalytically converting hydrogen contained in the fuel-cell exhaust gas downstream of the water separation arrangement. The fuel-cell exhaust system is especially suited for a fuel cell system in a vehicle.

The invention relates to the technical field of vehicle preheating, in particular to a preheating control method and device for a catalyst, a vehicle and a storage medium, and the method comprises the steps that the SOC of a battery, the allowable power of the battery and starting state data of an engine are obtained; if the SOC of the battery is larger than or equal to the allowable power of the battery, the preheating grade of the catalyst is determined according to the starting state data, and the preheating strategy of the catalyst is determined according to the preheating grade; and acquiring a preset ignition temperature limit value of the catalyst, and preheating the catalyst based on the ignition temperature limit value and the preheating strategy until the temperature of the catalyst is greater than the ignition temperature limit value. Therefore, the problems that in the related technology, due to the fact that a complex air device is adopted at the exhaust end of the vehicle, the repeated starting frequency is high, emissions are increased, and the catalytic conversion efficiency is low are solved.

In accordance with the present invention, there is provided a process for producing hydrogen and graphitic carbon from a hydrocarbon gas comprising: contacting at a temperature between 600° C. and 1000° C. the catalyst with the hydrocarbon gas to catalytically convert at least a portion of the hydrocarbon gas to hydrogen and graphitic carbon, wherein the catalyst is a low grade iron oxide.