161 results about "Primary alcohol" patented technology

The invention relates to the technical field of astragalus polysaccharide, in particular to an extraction method of astragalus polysaccharide. An extraction method of astragalus polysaccharide comprises the following steps: primary water extraction, secondary water extraction, vacuum concentration, primary alcohol precipitation, secondary alcohol precipitation and purification, specifically, the primary water extraction comprises the following steps: soaking astragalus with a weakly alkaline solution, heating until boiling, extracting, and filtering to separate primary precipitate and primary extract; the weakly alkaline solution is used in the primary water extraction step, so that cell walls are damaged, the solubility of the polysaccharide is improved, the release of the polysaccharide is promoted, and the extraction rate of the astragalus polysaccharide is remarkably improved.

The invention relates to a self-crosslinking flame-retardant insulating material and a preparation method thereof, and belongs to the technical field of insulating material preparation. The self-crosslinking flame-retardant insulating material comprises the following raw materials: polyethylene, modified vinyl silane, an epoxy flame retardant, a water producing agent, a catalyst and an initiator, the modified vinyl silane is prepared from a ring-opening reaction product and a diamine compound through a condensation reaction; the ring-opening reaction product is prepared from an epoxy silane coupling agent and a 2, 2-dimethylolpropionic acid derivative through a reaction; the 2, 2-dimethylolpropionic acid derivative is prepared from 2, 2-dimethylolpropionic acid and acrylic acid through esterification reaction; the epoxy flame retardant is prepared from a hydroxyl-terminated dendritic compound and an epoxidation agent through an epoxidation reaction; the hydroxyl-terminated dendritic compound is prepared from hexachlorocyclotriphosphazene and alkyl binary primary alcohol through a substitution reaction. By introducing the modified vinyl silane and the epoxy flame retardant, a bi-crosslinking interpenetrating network is formed in the obtained material, so that the problems in the background technology are solved.

This application relates to the technical field of astragalus polysaccharides, and specifically relates to a method for extracting astragalus polysaccharides. A method for extracting astragalus polysaccharides includes the following steps: primary water extraction, secondary water extraction, vacuum concentration, primary alcohol precipitation, secondary alcohol precipitation, and purification. Among them, in the primary water extraction: soak astragalus with a weak alkaline solution, then heat to boiling and carry out extraction, and filter to separate the primary precipitate and the primary extract. By using a weak alkaline solution in the primary water extraction step, this application destroys cell walls, increases the solubility of polysaccharides, and promotes the release of polysaccharides, significantly improving the extraction rate of astragalus polysaccharides.

The invention provides alcohol amine liquid, a device and a method for decarburization of high-dust gas, and belongs to the technical field of low-carbon metallurgical decarburization in the metallurgical industry. Wherein the alcohol amine liquid comprises alcohol amine, an activating agent, a flocculating agent, a defoaming agent and water; the alcohol amine is selected from one or more of primary alcohol amine, secondary alcohol amine, tertiary alcohol amine or sterically hindered alcohol amine; the activating agent is selected from one or more of piperazine, diethanol amine, diethylenetriamine and diisopropanolamine; the flocculating agent is an inorganic flocculating agent, an organic flocculating agent or a composite flocculating agent composed of the inorganic flocculating agent and the organic flocculating agent; the defoaming agent is a composite defoaming agent consisting of one or more of a non-silicon type, an organic silicon type, a polyether type and a polyether modified organic silicon type. According to the developed alcohol amine liquid, the high-dust gas is carried into the alcohol amine liquid, dust is removed, and the influence of the dust on bubbles is eliminated, so that decarburization treatment on the high-dust gas by using an alcohol amine decarburization method is realized.

The present invention relates to the technical field of the preparation of polyols. Disclosed are a method for preparing a bio-based polyol and a use of the bio-based polyol. In the present invention, a tartrate is selected as a first ring-opening reagent to carry out a first ring-opening reaction on an epoxy group, a second ring-opening reagent containing a secondary alcohol is then used to carry out a second ring-opening reaction, and finally, a primary alcohol is used to carry out a third ring-opening reaction on the rest epoxy group to obtain a bio-based polyol product having an epoxy value close to 0. The bio-based polyol prepared in the present invention is moderate, has a uniform distribution and a relatively low viscosity, and can replace traditional petrochemical polyols. A polyurethane coating prepared from the bio-based polyol prepared by the method of the present invention has remarkably improved performance.

The invention discloses a production method of hexachlorotrisiloxane. Production devices mainly comprise a reaction synthesizer, a condensation system, a rectification system, a final-stage condensation system and a storage system. The method comprises the following steps: reacting raw materials silicon tetrachloride and primary alcohol according to a certain ratio under the catalytic action of a boron Lewis acid catalyst in an environment that the reaction temperature is controlled to be 650-800 DEG C and the reaction pressure is controlled to be 0.6-0.8 MPa to obtain a mixed gas of hexachlorotrisiloxane and a by-product; and the high-purity hexachlorotrisiloxane is obtained after cooling of the condensation system and separation of the rectification system. The invention breaks through the blank of the production process of the hexachlorotrisiloxane in China, thereby eliminating the dependence of the demand of the hexachlorotrisiloxane product in China on foreign import, providing a stable production process, expanding the productivity of the hexachlorotrisiloxane, and realizing the production of the high-purity hexachlorotrisiloxane product. The problems of high-end industries in China are solved, and sustainable development of related industries in China is promoted.

The invention discloses a photosensitive polyimide, a negative photoresist and an application of the photosensitive polyimide in preparation of a film, the structure of the photosensitive polyimide is shown in the specification, X is a tetravalent organic group and is a residue X of a polyimide polymerization monomer tetracarboxylic dianhydride; y is a divalent organic group and is a residue Y of a polyimide polymerization monomer diamine; r1 and R2 are monovalent organic groups and are residues of primary alcohol forming side chain ester bonds of side chain polyamic acid ester; side chains R1 and R2 at least contain tertiary amine structures, and at least one of the side chains R1 and R2 containing the tertiary amine structures can form ammonium salt with phosphate containing an allyl structure; and n is an integer from 2 to 150. The invention provides a photosensitive polyimide which can be developed by adopting an alkaline aqueous solution, can be cured at low temperature and can form a negative pattern, a preparation method of a photoresist composition of the photosensitive polyimide, and a photoetching curing film, which can be applied to display industry or semiconductor industry as an insulating layer, a passivation layer or an interlayer dielectric layer and the like.

The invention discloses low-endotoxin macromolecule PDRN, a preparation method and application. A freeze-dried white powder sample is obtained through fish testis pretreatment, fish sperm cell enzymolysis, deproteinization, ultrasonic pretreatment, nuclease enzymolysis, primary alcohol precipitation, redissolution and filtration, endotoxin control, secondary alcohol precipitation, alcohol washing and freeze-drying. Fragmentation is carried out by combining ultrasonic waves with nuclease enzymolysis, the use amount of enzyme can be effectively reduced, the molecular weight of the product can be accurately controlled, operation is easy, and the industrialization cost is low. The method comprises the following steps: carrying out enzymolysis on protamine cells through protease K, releasing protamine DNA, carrying out fragmentation on a PDRN sample by using ultrasonic waves and nuclease, and carrying out deep filtration and triton 114 washing to obtain the protamine with the molecular weight controllable interval of 500bp-4000bp; the content of endotoxin is less than or equal to 0.5 EU / mg, and the content of protein is less than or equal to 1.0%. The finished product is obtained by freeze-drying the PDRN wet solid, and the quality and the additional value of the product are improved.

The invention provides polyamide acid ester, photosensitive polyimide resin, a negative photoresist composition and application thereof. A covalent bond on a side chain of the polyamic acid ester contains a benzoylmethyl-containing structure, the structure has an ultraviolet light sensing function and can realize light degradation, so that the polyamic acid ester is converted into polyamic acid and primary alcohol, and the formed polyamic acid can be dissolved in a water-based developing agent, so that the targets of water-based developing and photoetching are realized. Besides, after the polyamic acid ester provided by the invention is imidized, no crosslinking component is left, and the polyamic acid ester has high mechanical property, high resolution, high film thickness and depth-to-width ratio gt; and 2.0, good performance can be achieved even if low-temperature curing is carried out.

The preparation method comprises the following steps: dissolving a boric acid monomer in an organic solvent, adding monomers containing vicinal diol and primary alcohol at the same time, then adding a water removal agent, heating to 60-80 DEG C, and carrying out condensation reflux to obtain a mixed solution containing a boric acid ester chain extender; removing the organic solvent from the mixed solution containing the boric acid ester chain extender, and washing with a low-boiling-point solvent to obtain a chain extender containing a single boric acid ester bond; the preparation method comprises the following steps: reacting a chain extender containing a single boric acid ester bond, an organic metal or tertiary amine catalyst, polyether polyol and diisocyanate to obtain a single-component moisture-cured polyurethane prepolymer with the-NCO reservation amount of 4-8wt.%, and curing. The single-component moisture-curable polyurethane has excellent mechanical properties, the phenomena that the mechanical properties are reduced and the self-repairing efficiency is reduced after repeated damage-repairing are avoided, the safety and reliability of the material are greatly improved, and the service life is prolonged.

The present invention discloses a preparation method for synthesizing α-amino ketone compounds from fatty aldehydes and secondary amines, belonging to the technical field of organic chemical synthesis. The fatty aldehyde, secondary amine, and sodium percarbonate are added to a reaction vessel for mixing, and the reaction is carried out at a temperature of 95 to 115 °C for 16 to 24 hours. After purifying the reaction mixture, α-amino ketone compounds are obtained. The fatty aldehydes and secondary amines used in the method of the present invention are commercially available raw materials or are prepared from commercially available primary alcohols and primary amines through simple oxidation or reduction; the substrate has a wide range of applicability and is applicable to the above-mentioned various fatty aldehydes and secondary amines. The method of the present invention can be prepared only by oxidizing and rearranging with cheap and easily available sodium percarbonate, without the need for additional catalysts and additives, and has the characteristics of high economy, wide commercial sources, and environmental friendliness; the method of the present invention has few reaction steps and has the characteristic of simple operation.

The present invention relates to the field of photocatalytic alcohol oxidation, and more particularly to a TiO2 / NaBr photocatalytic system for selectively oxidizing primary alcohols to produce acids under mild conditions. The present invention utilizes TiO2 as a primary catalyst and a halide salt as a co-catalyst. In an organic solvent, a primary alcohol raw material is added, and the system is developed in situ under oxygen and blue LED visible light. This photocatalytic system can efficiently complex with primary alcohol compounds. At room temperature, under the pressure of an oxygen balloon, and using ethyl acetate as the reaction solvent, it can oxidize the hydroxyl groups in aromatic and aliphatic primary alcohols to the corresponding acids. This method offers the advantages of good product selectivity, high conversion efficiency, and mild conditions. Furthermore, the catalyst is easily recyclable and the production cost is low. This method is a successful example of the photocatalytic oxidation of the biomass alcohol platform compound n-butanol to n-butyric acid.

The invention relates to a process for obtaining isobutene from an isobutene containing C4-hydrocarbon mixture (1) in a plant comprising an etherification unit (3), a first distillation unit (5), an ether cleavage unit (10) and a second distillation unit (12), the process comprising: (a) contacting the C4-hydrocarbon mixture (1) with a primary alcohol (2) and reacting the mixture with the primary alcohol in the presence of an acidic catalyst to form the corresponding alkyl tert-butyl ether in the etherification unit (3); (b) distilling the reaction mixture (4) from the etherification unit (3) in the first distillation unit (5), a C4-hydrocarbon raffinate being withdrawn as the overhead product (6), and the alkyl tert-butyl ether being withdrawn as the bottom product (7); (c) vaporizing the bottom product from the first distillation unit (5) in an evaporator (8) obtaining a vapor stream (9); (d) reacting the vapor stream (9) of step (c) in the presence of an acidic catalyst obtaining isobutene and the primary alcohol as reaction products in the ether cleavage unit (10); (e) distilling the reaction mixture (11) from the ether cleavage unit (10) in the second distillation unit (12), isobutene being withdrawn as the overhead product (13), the primary alcohol and diisobutene being withdrawn as the bottom product (14) and being recycled to the etherification unit (3); wherein a purge stream (15) containing high boiling components with a normal boiling point higher than that of the alkyl tert-butyl ether is withdrawn from the evaporator (8) in step (c).

The present application relates to the technical field of organic synthesis, and particularly relates to a method for preparing (+)-crispine A by means of biological enzyme resolution. First, 6,7-dimethoxy-3,4-dihydroisoquinoline-2-oxide is subjected to 1,3-dipolar cycloaddition with allyl alcohol to obtain a first compound; then the first compound is added into a sulfonylation reagent and zinc powder to obtain a racemate second compound through a three-step continuous series reaction of primary alcohol sulfonylation, nitrogen-oxygen bond cleavage and ring formation; then the second compound is mixed with vinyl acetate and biological enzyme, and chiral resolution is carried out under the action of the biological enzyme to obtain a third compound with right-handed optical rotation and a fourth compound with left-handed optical rotation; finally, the third compound is mixed with an alkaline reagent and a sulfonylation reagent, and then secondary alcohol sulfonylation is carried out to obtain a fifth compound with right-handed optical rotation; the fifth compound is mixed with a deoxidizing reagent to carry out deoxidation reaction, and (+)-crispine A is prepared. The method is simple, green and environmentally friendly, and can be produced in large quantities.

Propylene is an important industrial intermediate for the production of propylene oxide and polypropylene, while isobutylene is also widely used in the production of various industrially important products, such as butyl rubber. Propylene and isobutylene are both obtained by catalytic or steam cracking of fossil feedstock, and with depletion of fossil resources and / or an increase in use cost, especially in consideration of an increase in the need for both propylene and isobutylene. Development of a commercially viable process for the direct conversion of an alcohol to any material will accordingly be very significant. The present invention relates to a process for preparing lower olefins from primary alcohols. More particularly, the present invention relates to a process for the conversion of primary alcohols to lower olefins wherein the primary alcohols are obtained from renewable sources.

The invention provides a kinetic resolution method for asymmetric catalytic hydrogenation of racemic beta-aryl ester or lactone. Specifically, the invention provides a kinetic resolution method for asymmetric catalytic hydrogenation of racemic beta-aryl ester or lactone containing aryl, alkenyl, alkynyl and alkyl, and chiral gamma-aryl primary alcohol is prepared. According to the method, a chiral Ir-SpiroPAP catalyst or an enantiomer thereof is adopted, and the conversion number of the chiral Ir-SpiroPAP catalyst is as high as 600. In the imgabs0 #, R can be aryl, substituted aryl, alkenyl, substituted alkenyl, alkynyl, substituted alkynyl, alkyl or cyclic alkyl; r2 is alkyl; x can be hydrogen, alkyl, alkoxy, halogen or carboxylic ester group; wherein the structural formula of the Ir-SpiroPAP catalyst is # imgabs 1 # or an enantiomer thereof, and Y is hydrogen or alkyl.

A process for preparing polyisobutene from isobutene in the presence of a Lewis Acid and an initiator characterised by feeding linear and / or branched C5-C8 primary alcohol, oxidising of the primary a

The application provides a preparation method of MK-0616 south fragment, and relates to the technical field of polypeptide synthesis. The preparation method comprises the following steps: condensation reaction of alkyl primary alcohol 17 and protected amino acid 2 to obtain intermediate 18; deprotection reaction of the intermediate 18 to obtain intermediate 19; condensation reaction of the intermediate 19 and compound 4 to obtain intermediate 20; deprotection reaction of the intermediate 20 to obtain intermediate 21; condensation reaction of the intermediate 21 and compound 10 to obtain intermediate 22; deprotection reaction of the intermediate 22 to obtain intermediate 23; condensation reaction of the intermediate 23 and compound 14 to obtain intermediate 24; hydrolysis reaction of the intermediate 24 to obtain a crude product of MK-0616 south fragment; salt crystallization of the crude product of MK-0616 south fragment to obtain intermediate 15; and free acidization of the intermediate 15 to obtain a pure product of MK-0616 south fragment.

The invention discloses a diamine monomer, a transparent high-temperature-resistant polyester imide film prepared from the diamine monomer and application of the transparent high-temperature-resistant polyester imide film, the diamine monomer is synthesized from 4-aminobenzoic acid and binary primary alcohol or 4-nitrobenzoyl chloride and a phenolic compound, and ester groups with symmetrical structures are introduced into the chemical structure of the monomer, so that the diamine monomer can be synthesized into the transparent high-temperature-resistant polyester imide film. According to the preparation method of the high-temperature-resistant polyester imide film, the polyester imide synthesized with anhydride simultaneously contains imide bonds and ester bonds, so that the correspondingly prepared high-temperature-resistant polyester imide film not only has simple preparation method, but also has excellent optical performance, thermal performance and flexibility, has higher glass transition temperature while keeping higher optical transmittance, and can be used for preparing the high-temperature-resistant polyester imide film. Therefore, the material has good heat resistance and thermal stability, and has good application prospects in the fields of high-temperature-resistant optical films, flexible circuit substrates, lithium battery diaphragm coatings, photoelectric chip substrates and the like.

The invention discloses a phosphabicyclo [3, 2, 0] organic phosphorus compound as well as a preparation method and application thereof. Diallyl-containing tertiary phosphine oxide and phosphine sulfur compounds are used as raw materials, 10-phenyl phenothiazine is used as a photocatalyst, the photocatalyst is excited under a light source of 390 nm to activate double bonds, high-stereoselectivity [2 + 2] cycloaddition reaction is realized, the phosphorus heterocyclic bicyclo [3, 2, 0] organophosphorus compound containing two quaternary carbon centers is synthesized, diastereoisomers can be separated, and the yield is high. A single diastereoisomer product is as high as 97%, and excellent diastereoselectivity is achieved. The invention provides a green reaction mode for photocatalytic synthesis of the phosphabicyclo [3, 2, 0] organophosphorus compound, the conditions are mild, and the substrate universality is good. The obtained phosphabicyclo [3, 2, 0] organophosphorus compound is applied to a primary alcohol chlorination reaction as a catalyst, shows high reaction activity, and has more excellent catalytic activity compared with a reported catalytic system.

The invention provides an apple growth promoting preparation and application thereof in promoting growth of apple seedlings and improving apple quality and wax content, and belongs to the technical field of fruit tree planting. The apple growth promoting preparation disclosed by the invention is prepared from a tea residue extract or epigallocatechin gallate, the concentration of the epigallocatechin gallate is 2 to 200 [mu] mol / L. By adopting the tea residue extract or EGCG, the plant height of the apple seedlings can be remarkably increased, the net photosynthesis of the apple seedlings is improved, and the growth of the apple seedlings and the content of wax in leaves are promoted. EGCG is sprayed in the growth period of the fruit trees, so that the leaf area of the fruit trees can be increased, the content of H2O2 in leaves is reduced, and the content of ester substances in leaf wax is increased; the fruit transverse diameter, the fruit longitudinal diameter and the single fruit weight can be increased, the fruit growth is promoted, the surface glossiness is improved, the appearance quality of the fruit is further improved, and the content of primary alcohol and ester substances in the fruit wax is remarkably increased.

This application relates to the technical field of traditional Chinese medicine compositions, specifically disclosing a traditional Chinese medicine composition for treating deficiency syndromes caused by illness, surgery, radiotherapy, and chemotherapy, and its preparation process. The composition comprises Ganoderma lucidum extract and ginseng powder. The preparation method of the Ganoderma lucidum extract is as follows: Step 1, pulverizing the raw material to obtain Ganoderma lucidum powder; Step 2, extraction: extracting the Ganoderma lucidum powder with a primary liquid-liquid phase solvent for 1.5-2.5 hours, adding non-oxidizing gas nano-bubble water and extracting for 0.5-1.5 hours, then adding acidic gas nano-bubble water and continuing extraction for 0.5-1.5 hours; Step 3, collection: collecting the extract, concentrating, forming a paste, and drying to obtain the Ganoderma lucidum extract; the primary liquid-liquid phase solvent includes an alcohol solution with a volume ratio of (2-5):1 and a non-polar organic solvent, with the alcohol volume percentage in the primary alcohol solution being 65-90%. The composition of this application has a higher content of Ganoderma lucidum polysaccharides and Ganoderma lucidum triterpenes.

The invention relates to a process for obtaining isobutene from an isobutene containing C4-hydrocarbon mixture (1) in a plant comprising an etherification unit (3), a first distillation unit (5), an ether cleavage unit (8) and a second distillation unit (10), the process comprising: (a) contacting the C4-hydrocarbon mixture (1) with a primary alcohol (2) and reacting the mixture with the primary alcohol in the presence of an acidic catalyst to form the corresponding alkyl tert-butyl ether as an intermediate product and diisobutene as a by-product in the etherification unit (3); (b) distilling the reaction mixture (4) from the etherification unit (3) in the first distillation unit (5), a C4-hydrocarbon raffinate being withdrawn as the overhead product (6), the alkyl tert-butyl ether and diisobutene being withdrawn as the liquid or vaporous bottom product (7), and vaporizing the bottom product (7) if it is withdrawn as a liquid; (c) reacting the vaporous bottom product (7) in the presence of an acidic catalyst obtaining isobutene and the primary alcohol as reaction products in the ether cleavage unit (8); (d) distilling the reaction mixture (9) from the ether cleavage unit (8) in the second distillation unit (10), isobutene being withdrawn as the overhead product (11), the primary alcohol and diisobutene being withdrawn as the bottom product (12) and being recycled to the etherification unit (3); the plant further comprising a byproduct separation unit (15) being fed by a bottom purge stream (13) of the first distillation unit (5) and / or by a part of the bottom product of the second distillation unit (10), this feed stream (14) being split up in at least three byproduct streams wherein a first byproduct stream (16) is rich in diisobutene, a second byproduct stream (17) is rich in the primary alcohol, and a third byproduct stream (18) is rich in components with a normal boiling point higher than 110° C.

The invention discloses a preparation method of (a / b)-D-fucose and fucose tetraacetate, and belongs to the technical field of organic synthesis. The preparation method of the (a / b)-D-fucose and fucose tetraacetate is based on a PPh3 / NBS method, the PPh3 / NBS combination is a method for efficiently, highly selectively and mildly converting primary alcohol and secondary alcohol into corresponding alkyl bromide, and the core of the method is to generate Ph3PBr2 to activate hydroxyl. In the whole process, reaction conditions are mild, treatment is simple, needed drugs are cheap and easy to obtain, most of intermediate products are synthesized through a one-pot method, few intermediate products need to be separated and purified through silica gel column chromatography, the operation time of follow-up experimental treatment and separation and purification is omitted, and the time of the whole reaction process is greatly shortened. In addition, due to the fact that repeated purification is not needed, the final yield is guaranteed, the total yield can reach 17%, and the gram level can be reached at a time.

This invention provides a method for preparing tert-butyl 2-hydroxymethylbenzoate, the method comprising the following steps: (1) reacting tert-butyl hydrogen phthalate and isobutyl chloroformate to obtain compound 1, (2) reacting compound 1 to obtain tert-butyl 2-hydroxymethylbenzoate; the preparation method provided by this invention has a high yield and stable process, the post-processing is relatively simple, it can avoid operations such as column chromatography, and the reagents used are all conventional reagents, which reduces the production cost and is applicable to industrial scale-up production, providing technical support for the reduction of carboxylic acid compounds into primary alcohols.

The present application relates to the technical field of heterogeneous catalysis, and provides a copper-silicon catalyst for catalyzing coupling of ethylene glycol and primary alcohol to synthesize long-chain vicinal diols, a preparation method therefor and a use thereof. The chemical general formula of the copper-silicon catalyst is CuxSi1-xO, wherein 0.01≤x≤0.3. The copper-silicon catalyst has good stability and high activity, and is easy to separate from a product when being used for synthesizing long-chain vicinal diols, the conversion rate of ethylene glycol and the selectivity of a product are high, and the copper-silicon catalyst can be reused.

This invention discloses carboxymethyl sucrose amino acid salts, their preparation, compositions, and applications. The salts are prepared from carboxymethyl sucrose and arginine, or carboxymethyl sucrose and glycine, through a chemical reaction. The resulting salts undergo a series of processes including primary alcohol precipitation, redissolution, secondary alcohol precipitation, redissolution, tertiary alcohol precipitation, soaking, pulverization, filtration, and drying to obtain carboxymethyl sucrose arginine and carboxymethyl sucrose glycine salts. A composition is prepared by mixing these two salts. Both salts and the composition significantly inhibit the activity of matrix metalloproteinase 1 and promote the expression of type I collagen, thus delaying aging by maintaining the stability of collagen morphology and structure in the extracellular matrix. The preparation method of this invention is simple and the process conditions are mild. The product has the advantages of being weakly acidic, gentle on the skin, highly safe, and having good anti-aging effects. It can be widely used in skin care cosmetics and has promising application prospects.

The objective of this invention is to provide a novel active ingredient useful for inhibiting aflatoxin production. With this invention, production of aflatoxin by an aflatoxin-producing fungus can be inhibited by means of a primary alcohol represented by formula (1): CH3—(CH2)n—OH (1) (where n is 0 or 2-4).

The purpose of the present invention is to provide a composition containing extracellular vesicles derived from microalgae. In one embodiment of the present invention, the composition contains (A) extracellular vesicles derived from microalgae, and, optionally, one or more chemicals selected from the group consisting of (B-1) to (B-3), where: (B-1) is one or more chemicals selected from the group consisting of primary alcohols and polyhydric alcohols, (B-2) is one or more chemicals selected from the group consisting of organic acids and salts thereof, and (B-3) is a chelating agent.

A gas pressure spring is provided including an expanding wax as a compensating medium for reducing a temperature dependency of a spring force of the gas pressure spring in an operating temperature range of the gas pressure spring spanning a minimum temperature of −40° C. to +10° C. up to a maximum temperature of +40° C. to +100° C. The expanding wax includes at least one liquid phase and at least one solid phase in the entire operating temperature range, the expanding wax comprising a number of primary alcohols. Also provided is a drive system for a flap including a gas pressure spring for supporting the flap, and an electromechanical drive for driving the flap.