1145results about How to "Reduce carbon deposition" patented technology

The catalytic cracking catalyst contains medium and large pore alumina with average pore size not smaller than 3 nm 5-60 wt%, zeolite 5-60 wt%, adhesive 5-40 wt% and clay 5-85 wt%. The preparation process includes mixing the said materials, spraying, roasting, washing and drying. Compared with conventional catalyst, the catalyst has strengthened heavy oil converting capacity, obviously improved gasoline and coke selectivity and strengthened heavy metal nickel resistance.

The invention discloses a platinum aluminium oxide series catalyst for preparing propylene by propane dehydrogenation and a preparation method of the catalyst. The catalyst is as shown in a formula PtSnX1X2 / Al2O3, wherein in the formula, the content of noble metal Pt is 0.25%-0.35%, the content of metal Sn is 0.1%-3.5%, the total contents of auxiliaries X1 and X2 are 0.5%-3%, and X1 and X2 are selected from one of K, Ga, Zr, Cu, Mg, Zn, Ba, La, Y, Tm, Fe, Na, Cl, Zn, Ce, Sc and Sb. The platinum aluminium oxide series catalyst provided by the invention has the advantages that propylene dehydrogenation is catalyzed by adopting the catalyst at the reaction temperature of 590-650 DEG C at the pressure of less than 0.25Mpa, so as to obtain stable propane conversion rate and propylene selectivity greater than 95.8% are obtained; the single service life of the catalyst is long, the noble metals are not lost, and the catalyzing property of the catalyst after regeneration is good.

The invention relates to a method for preparing alcohols by selectively hydrogenating aldehydes, belonging to hydrogenation technologies. In order to meet the requirements of people on two aspects, i.e. the improving of the selectivity on preparing the alcohols by hydrogenating the aldehydes and the prolonging of the service life of a catalyst currently, the method proposes that: the aldehydes are taken as raw materials; the reaction temperature is 20-300 DEG C; the reaction pressure is 0.1-7.0 MPa; the weight space velocity of the aldehydes is 0.02-20 h<-1>; the aldehydes and hydrogen gas are in contact with a hydrogenation catalyst; and the aldehydes are produced into corresponding alcohols through selectively hydrogenating. In the method, the hydrogenation catalyst comprises a carrier, a metal active component and silane groups; the silane groups are grafted through a silylanizing treatment; and the content of the silane groups in the total weight of the catalyst is 0.05 wt% to 25 wt%. Compared with the existing method, with the adoption of the catalyst in the method provided by the invention, the selectivity is high, the amount of byproducts, such as ethers, esters and acetals is greatly lowered; and meanwhile, the generation amount of carbon deposit is little, so that the catalyst has longer service life.

The invention relates to a selective hydrodesulfurization catalyst contains cobalt and molybdenum as active components. The selective hydrodesulfurization catalyst is characterized in that silicon oxide and aluminum oxide are used as carriers of the catalyst; based on the total weight of 100%, the catalyst comprises 2-6wt% of cobalt oxide, 9-15 wt% of molybdenum oxide, 2-8wt% of alkaline earth metal oxide, 2-6wt% of phosphorus oxide, 3-5wt% of alkali metal oxide, 2-6wt% of silicon oxide and 54-80 wt% of aluminum oxide; and the catalyst has the specific surface area of 200-300m<2> / g and the pore volume of 0.5-0.7mL / g. The catalyst has high hydrogenation activity and selectivity, good stability, low research octane number loss and high liquid yield. The catalyst is suitable for selective hydrodesulfrization of low-quality gasoline and is particularly suitable for selective hydrodesulfrization of low-quality FCC (Family Car China) gasoline.

The invention discloses a reduction method for an iron-based catalyst for Fischer-Tropsch synthesis in a fixed bed. The method comprises the following steps: adding the iron-based catalyst into a fixed bed reactor; and introducing gaseous hydrocarbon or mixed gas of hydrogen and gaseous hydrocarbon into the fixed bed reactor for reduction reaction to reduce the iron-based catalyst. The reduction method has the advantages that (1) the reduced catalyst has a little carbon deposit, so the catalyst has high activity and stability; (2) the product selectivity of the catalyst can be effectively modulated, and the selectivity for C5-30 in products is high; and (3) the reduced catalyst has a little carburization, so the catalyst has high wear resistance.

The invention discloses an SAPO molecular sieve, which has single crystals in sheet structure. The SAPO molecular sieve has moderate pore size, and can be used as a catalyst with long service life for olefin preparation from methanol. The invention also discloses a preparation method of the SAPO molecular sieve. The method us as below: activating a raw material of layered aluminosilicate, mixing the raw material with an phosphorus source and water, and homogenizing to obtain a wet masterbatch; drying and grinding the wet masterbatch to obtain a dry powder; and finally distilling the dry powder for crystallization, so as to obtain a raw powder for sheet SAPO molecular sieve. The method requires addition of a template agent, realizes low cost synthesis of SAPO molecular sieve and high additional value utilization of natural layered aluminosilicate, accelerates the rate of diffusion of various substances in the channels of the molecular sieve, increases the diffusion efficiency, and the advanategs of low equipment investment, simple operation and environment-friendliness.

The present invention relates to an aromatization catalyst and production process of clean gasoline. Said invention adopts hydrofining and aromizing two-stage catalyst combined process to make the FCC gasoline with high sulfur content and high olefin content into clean gasoline. Said invented aromatization catalyst adopts small-grain molecular sieve catalyst, and makes the aromatization catalyst undergo the process of hydrothermal treatment and can make the strong acid quantity of said catalyst be reduced. Said invention can raise yield of gasoline, and can obtain high-quality clean gasoline product.

The invention provides a supported ionic liquid catalyst for preparing vinyl acetate in an acetylene method, the catalyst adopts mesoporous molecular sieve as a carrier and adopts zinc acetate as an active component, and the carrier and the active component are connected by imidazole acetate ionic liquid. The invention further provides a preparation method of the catalyst and an application in preparing the vinyl acetate in the acetylene method. The active component of the zinc acetate of the supported ionic liquid catalyst is bond-coupled on the surface of the carrier in a chemical method and is not easy to be lost in the reaction process; the carrier of the mesoporous molecular sieve provides suitable reaction space for catalytic reaction, and carbon deposition is not easy to be generated; the ionic liquid forms a pseudophase liquid microenvironment on the surface of the catalyst, thus improving the mass transfer and heat transfer in the reaction process; and the catalyst has good stability, long service life, high activity and good selectivity.

The present invention relates to a normal paraffin hydrocarbon hydrogenation isomerization catalyst using nano HBeta zeolite as carrier, and the grain size of nano HBeta is 30.0nm-180.0 nm. Said invented catalyst can shorten the dwell time of n-carbonionic intermediate in catalyst channel, raise selectivity of isomerization product and at the same time can inhibit the secondary reaction of polymeric coking, etc. Said invention also provides the preparation method of said catalyst.

The invention discloses an unsaturated hydrocarbon hydrogenation catalyst, belonging to the technical field of hydrogenation catalysts. For meeting the requirements of water resistance and carbon deposition resistance on the unsaturated hydrocarbon hydrogenation catalyst, the catalyst contains a carrier, a metal active ingredient loaded on the carrier and a silane group, the silane group on the catalyst is grafted by performing silylanizing treatment, and the content of the silane group is 0.05-25 percent by weight; and the carrier is made of a porous material of which the specific surface area is 2-300 m<2> / g, the pore volume is 0.05-1.2 ml / g, the average pore diameter is 9-150 nanometers, over 50 percent of pore volume is included in pores with pore diameters being greater than 9 nanometers, and the pore volume of pores with pore diameters being smaller than 5 nanometers is less than 25 percent. Compared with the conventional catalyst, the catalyst disclosed by the invention has theadvantages of high water resistance, small amount of deposited carbon, longer service life and great reduction in the powder removal phenomenon of the catalyst when the catalyst is applied to unsaturated hydrocarbon hydrogenation.

A fuel nozzle and gas turbine combustor capable of operating on multiple fuels with reduced carbon build-up to the fuel nozzle and adjacent combustor components is disclosed. The fuel nozzle incorporates a reconfigured gas fuel assembly and mixing tube to eliminate known areas of recirculation. Furthermore, the liquid fuel assembly includes reconfigured spray characteristics to further reduce droplet interaction with the mixing tube.

A fuel cell produces electricity by reacting a higher carbon hydrocarbon fuel with steam in a steam pre-reformer, whose temperature does not exceed 500° C. A fuel stream is produced that includes hydrogen and not less than about 20% by volume methane, measured on a wet basis. The fuel stream and an oxidant are supplied to a high temperature fuel cell in which the methane is reformed. The fuel cell produces electricity by reacting the fuel stream at a fuel cell anode, and by reacting the oxidant at a fuel cell cathode.

The invention relates to a catalytic cracking propylene additive. The additive measured in the total weight of 100 percent is characterized by being prepared from the following components in percentage by weight: 30-80 percent of molecular sieve including 28-78 percent of ZSM-5 zeolite, 10-65 percent of clay and 5.0-20.0 percent of P2O5, preferable 7.0-15.0 percent as well as 0-1.0 percent of La2O3. Aluminum phosphate sol is adopted as an adhesive to improve the abrasive strength of the additive, improve the solid content of spraying slurry and avoid the chlorine contents of the spraying slurry and the additive. The prepared catalytic cracking propylene additive remarkably improves the activity, slightly lessens the activity of a main catalyst when mixing with the main catalyst for use, can improve the product distribution, have favorable dry gas and coke selectivity and simultaneously improve the propylene yield and the gasoline octane number.

The invention provides a supported platinum group catalyst applied to propane dehydrogenation propylene preparation and a preparation method of the supported platinum group catalyst and relates to propylene. The catalyst is prepared from PtSnN2 / N1-Al2O3, wherein N1 is selected from rare earth metals of La and Ce, and N2 is selected from alkali metals of Cs, K and Na. The catalyst is prepared from, by mass, 0.1%-0.5% of Pt, 0.2%-1.0% of Sn, 0.5%-6% of N1, 0.5%-5% of N and the balance Al2O3. The preparation method includes the steps that a cerous nitrate solution or a lanthanum nitrate solution containing the N1 component is added in the preparation process or forming process of an alumina precursor, and a modified carrier of the propane dehydrogenation propylene preparation catalyst is prepared after drying and calcination; Pt and Sn are co-steeped or steeped on the carrier step by step, the catalyst precursor PtSn / N1-Al2O3 is obtained after drying and calcination and then steeped in an N2 component solution, and the catalyst is prepared after drying and calcination.

Method and equipment for converting hydrocarbon fuel to a mixture of hydrogen and carbon monoxide through catalytic partial oxidation. Thermal management of the process in the pre-reaction and post reaction zones of the reactor enhance yields and reduces carbon deposition.

A combination used for decreasing the discharge of regeneration fume NOx in catalytic cracking comprises the following components according to oxide content by taking the weight of the combination as benchmark: (1) an acid oxide solid support with the weight percentage of 5 to 98.9; (2) phosphorus with the weight percentage of 0.5 to 30; (3) one or a plurality of metal components selected from group IB and IIB with the weight percentage of 0.1 to 35; (4) rare earth metal components with the weight percentage of 0.5 to 30. The combination of the invention is used for catalytic cracking and can reduce the discharge of the regeneration fume NOx with high product yield of catalytic cracking liquid product and low catalyst carbon deposition.

The invention discloses a noble metal catalyst for preparing propylene through propane dehydrogenation and a preparation method thereof, and is used for mainly solving the problems that a noble metal catalyst is prone to carbon deposition and deactivation at high temperature to affect the stability of the catalyst. The used catalyst can be represented by PtSnCa / Al2O3, that is to say, platinum and tin components are supported on an alumina carrier, and a second auxiliary agent calcium oxide is introduced, so as to improve the stability of the catalyst. The catalyst is adopted for catalysis of propane dehydrogenation to prepare propylene under conditions of the temperature of 590 DEG C and the pressure of less than 0.2 MPa, the life of the catalyst can reach 145 h, and the service life of the catalyst is greatly prolonged, so that the problem is relatively well solved. The catalyst is in favor of industrialized promotion of propane dehydrogenation for preparing propylene.

A piston for an internal combustion engine comprises a sealed cooling gallery extending circumferentially around a center axis beneath a bowl rim of an upper crown. A metal-containing composition having a high thermal conductivity fills a portion of the sealed cooling gallery to dissipate heat. The metal-containing composition includes a base material having a melting temperature less than 181° C. and a plurality of metal particles having a thermal conductivity greater than the thermal conductivity of the base material. For example, the metal-containing composition can comprise copper particles dispersed in silicone oil, or copper particles dispersed in a mixture of alkali metals. During high temperature operation, as the piston reciprocates in the cylinder bore, the base material is liquid and flows throughout the cooling gallery to dissipate heat away from the upper and lower crowns.

The invention relates to a two-stroke internal combustion engine with crankcase scavenging, with an exhaust passage controlled by the piston and at least two first transfer passages and at least one second transfer passage, each with a corresponding transfer window into the cylinder chamber and a window on the crankcase side for communication between the cylinder chamber and the crankcase, the transfer windows of the first transfer passages being controlled by the upper edge of the piston, and the crankcase-side window of the second transfer passage being disposed in a region of the cylinder wall that is swept by the piston skirt of the piston. The cylinder wall comprises at least one recess, which is arranged in close vicinity to the transfer window of the second transfer passage and which is in flow communication with the second transfer passage, wherein a narrow passage is arranged between the recess and the second transfer passage.

The present invention discloses a hydrocracking method. According to the method, heavy distillate oil and hydrogen gas are mixed and then enter a hydrorefining reactor to carry out a hydrorefining reaction; the hydrorefining reaction effluent directly enters a hydrocracking reactor and is subjected to a contact reaction with grading catalyst bed layers in the hydrocracking reactor, wherein at least two cracking catalyst bed layers are arranged inside the hydrocracking reactor, and the hydrogenation activity of the hydrocracking catalyst presents the decrease tendency according to the reaction material flowing direction; and the hydrocracking reaction effluent is subjected to separation and fractionation to obtain the hydrocracking products including heavy naphtha and tail oil. With the method of the present invention, the heavy component hydrocracking effect can be ensured while the excessive hydrogenation and the excessive cracking of the heavy naphtha are reduced, and the chemical hydrogen consumption is reduced, such that the aromatic potential and the selectivity of the heavy naphtha are increased.

A catalyst for catalytic dealkylation of heavy arylhydrocarbon contains the metal in VIII family and composite carrier including ZSM-5 zeolite, beta-zeolite and alumina. It can increase the transform rate of C9 acrylhydrocarbon and output rate of xylene, and decrease carbon deposit.

The present invention provides catalysts, methods, and reactor systems for converting oxygenated hydrocarbons to oxygenated compounds. The invention includes methods for producing cyclic ethers, monooxygenates, dioxygenates, ketones, aldehydes, carboxylic acids, and alcohols from oxygenated hydrocarbons, such as carbohydrates, sugars, sugar alcohols, sugar degradation products, and the like, using catalysts containing palladium, molybdenum, tin, and tungsten. The oxygenated compounds produced are useful in the production of liquid fuels, chemicals, and other products.

The invention discloses an alcohol-based fuel combustion improver and an alcohol-based fuel. The alcohol-based fuel combustion improver consists of 4.9-93 parts by weight of co-solvent, 4.9-93 parts by weight of bio-oil, 0.1-0.3 part by weight of smoke suppression combustion improver and 1.0-3.0 parts by weight of combustion improver; and the alcohol-based fuel is formed by mixing and stirring 80-99 parts by weight of methanol and 1-20 parts by weight of alcohol-based fuel combustion improver. By adopting the combustion improver disclosed by the invention, the prepared alcohol-based fuel is a novel biological environment-friendly alcohol-based fuel, the calorific value is as high as 6,000-10,000 calories / g, and the combustion performance is good; and moreover, the alcohol-based fuel has high flash point and low volatility, and potential safety hazards in the prior art are eliminated. The alcohol-based fuel disclosed by the invention also has the characteristics of being safe and environment-friendly, reproducible, clean and sanitary, convenient to use, cheap and the like.

The invention relates to a preparation method of perovskite-like La2NiO4 catalyst and applications. The method includes the specific steps of: taking the soluble metal salts of La, Ni as raw materials to formulate a soluble metal salt solution with the concentration of 0.1-0.3mol / L; using citric acid with the concentration of 0.1-0.3mol / L as complexing agent; dripping the metal salt solution to the complexing agent according to the mol ratio of La:Ni: citric acid being 2:1:2-2:1:4 and implementing ultrasonic oscillation treatment to form sol; heating and stirring the sol in water bath with the temperature of 60-90 DEG C to be gelated; and drying the gelated sol at the temperature of 90-150 DEG C for 10-30h to form a product precursor; arranging the product precursor in a microwave synthesis furnace; and treating the product precursor at the temperature of 600-1000 DEG C for 30-180min and reducing the obtained product. When the La2NiO4 catalyst prepared by the method is applied to hydrogen production by ethanol vapor reforming, the characteristics of even components and uniform grain diameter are available.

The invention relates to a catalyst used for petrochemical industry, and concretely relates to the catalyst used for dehydrogenation preparation of monoolefine by saturated alkane. The catalyst comprises metal active components, a carrier, a first auxiliary agent and a second auxiliary agent, wherein the metal active components can be one or a combination from Fe, Co or Ni; the carrier can be one or a mixed oxide or a composite oxide from Al2O3, SiO2, ZrO2, TiO2 and MgO; the first auxiliary agent is a structural auxiliary agent, which is one or the combination from Zn, Cu, Sn, In or Cd; and the second auxiliary agent is one or a mixture of an alkali metal oxide or an alkaline earth oxide. The catalyst active components are non-precious metal elements which have no unfavorable influence on environment, selectivity of a target product alkene is high, simultaneously, carbon deposit is greatly reduced, and catalyst stability is good.

The invention discloses a hydro-denitrification catalyst for coal tar and a preparation method thereof. The catalyst is composed of an active component, an additive and a carrier, wherein the active component is composed of tungsten trioxide and nickel oxide, and through taking the total mass of the catalyst as a benchmark, the content of the tungsten trioxide accounts for 16-24 wt % of the catalyst, and the content of the nickel oxide accounts for 3-6 wt % of the catalyst; the additive is phosphorus, through taking the total mass of the catalyst as a benchmark, and in terms of an elementary substance, the phosphorus accounts for 1-2 wt % of the catalyst; through taking the total mass of the catalyst as a benchmark, and in terms of a carrier dry basis, the carrier accounts for 68-80 wt % of the catalyst; and the carrier is composed of activated carbon, alumina and a H beta molecular sieve, wherein the activated carbon accounts for 10-31 wt % of the carrier, the alumina accounts for 53-82 wt % of the carrier, and the H beta molecular sieve accounts for 8-16 wt % of the carrier. The catalyst disclosed by the invention is easy to vulcanize and relatively high in activity; and a pore structure of the activated carbon is adjustable, so that the conversion of colloid components and the removal of nitrogen impurities in coal tar are facilitated, thereby slowing the carbon deposition of the catalyst. Compared with conventional catalysts, the prepared catalyst has more excellent hydro-denitrification performance.

A piston for an internal combustion engine comprises a sealed cooling gallery extending circumferentially around a center axis beneath a bowl rim of an upper crown. A metal-containing composition having a high thermal conductivity fills a portion of the sealed cooling gallery to dissipate heat. The metal-containing composition includes a base material having a melting temperature less than 181° C. and a plurality of metal particles having a thermal conductivity greater than the thermal conductivity of the base material. For example, the metal-containing composition can comprise copper particles dispersed in silicone oil, or copper particles dispersed in a mixture of alkali metals. During high temperature operation, as the piston reciprocates in the cylinder bore, the base material is liquid and flows throughout the cooling gallery to dissipate heat away from the upper and lower crowns.

The invention relates to a solid oxide fuel cell and a preparation method thereof. The cell is formed by sequentially depositing a porous anode functional layer, a dense electrolyte layer and a porous cathode functional layer on a porous anode supporting body with perovskite type oxide serving as an anode material, a porous cathode layer is deposited on the reduced porous cathode functional layer, nanometer-doped cerium oxide is deposited in the porous perovskite anode supporting body and the porous anode functional layer, and nanometer-doped cerium oxide and a nanometer cathode material are sequentially deposited in the porous cathode functional layer. The prepared solid oxide fuel cell is stable in structure for a long time and can endure oxidization-reduction circulation multiple times, carbon deposition is resisted, and the sulfur-resistant performance is achieved.

RFCC (Resid Fluid Catalytic Cracking) high octane gasoline additive contains the following ingredients by weight percentage taking the total weight of the additive as 100%: 5-90 of H-type (Hydrogen) composite molecular sieve, 1-60 of BETA or EU-1 molecular sieve, 1-30 of ZSM-5 molecular sieve adopting modified or non-modified chemical elements, 2-60 of clay, and 7.0-15.0 of P(calculated based on P205) wherein the precursor of the P is aluminum phosphate sol; and 2-10 of A1 and 5-15 of P are contained in the aluminum phosphate sol, and the PH value of the aluminum phosphate sol is 1.0 to 2.5; and 2-20 of the aluminum phosphate sol is calculated based on HNO3. By adopting the preparation method provided by the invention, the activity of the FCC additives is significantly enhanced; and owing to mixing use with main catalytic agent, the product distribution can be improved, the gasoline octane value is improved, and the gasoline productivity is improved at the same time.

The present invention is loading method of hydroprocessing catalyst. Unlike conventional grading loading scheme, The hydrogenating and denitrogenating reaction region is loaded with the catalyst in antitone grading mold, in which the activity of the hydrogenating and denitrogenating catalyst in the downstream bed side is slightly lower than that in the upstream bed side, and the pore size of the catalyst in the downstream bed side is slightly greater than that in the upstream bed side. The said loading method can control the temperature raise of hydrogenating and denitrogenating catalyst bed, reduce cold hydrogen amount to lower the hydrogen consumption of the apparatus, reduce the carbon deposit speed in the catalyst bed to reduce bed pressure drop of bed, and prolong the service life of catalyst.