400 results about "Cyclic ether" patented technology

The invention provides a solid polymer electrolyte capable of working in a wide temperature range. The solid polymer electrolyte is obtained by carrying out in-situ polymerization on a precursor solution on the surface of a base material, wherein the precursor solution is prepared from a first type of polymeric monomer, a second type of polymeric monomer, an initiator and electrolyte salt; the first polymeric monomer is an electron donor, and the electron donor is at least one of cyclic ether and olefin monomers; the second polymeric monomer is an electron acceptor, and the electron acceptor is one or more of cyclic ester, olefin monomers and anhydride monomers. The solid polymer electrolyte keeps good mechanical performance and high ionic conductivity in a wide temperature range, and an assembled solid secondary battery has good electrical performance and cycling stability.

The invention belongs to the technical field of new energy materials and devices, and relates to a gel electrolyte, a preparation method and a solid-state lithium battery, a liquid novel initiator with a low freezing point, a cyclic ether polymeric monomer and a plasticizer are mixed to form a homogeneous precursor solution, the precursor solution is injected into a battery shell, standing is performed at normal temperature (20-35 DEG C) for in-situ polymerization, and the solid-state lithium battery is obtained. And the gel electrolyte-based solid-state battery can be obtained. The gel electrolyte is initiated by a novel initiator, and compared with a common initiator, the gel electrolyte has better low-temperature performance, and a high-performance solid-state lithium battery is formed.

The invention relates to the technical field of batteries, in particular to a composite electrolyte, a lithium metal battery and application of the lithium metal battery. The invention relates to a composite electrolyte which comprises a fluorinated cyclic ether solvent, an alkane solvent, LiPF6 and LiTFSI, the carbon atom number Ra of the fluorinated cyclic ether solvent skeleton is more than or equal to 3 and less than or equal to 6; the volume ratio A of the fluorinated cyclic ether solvent is greater than or equal to 50% and smaller than or equal to Alt; 100%; the volume ratio B of the alkane solvent meets 0 lt; b < = 50%; the structural tortuosity Rb of the hydrocarbon solvent satisfies 1.5 < Rb < = 3; the ratio of the molar concentration Rc of LiPF6 to the molar concentration Rd of LiTFSI is more than 0 and less than or equal to 1. The composite electrolyte provided by the invention has excellent comprehensive physical and chemical properties, especially low-temperature performance, and can improve the cycle performance and rate capability of the battery.

The embodiment of the invention relates to a negative-electrode-free sodium-ion battery electrolyte and a preparation method and application thereof, and the negative-electrode-free sodium-ion battery electrolyte comprises a non-fluorinated conventional ether substance, a fluoroether substance and a sodium salt; the mass percent of the non-fluorinated conventional ether substance, the fluoroether substance and the sodium salt is (5%-85%): (5%-85%): (5%-30%); wherein the non-fluorinated conventional ether substances comprise linear ether and / or cyclic ether. Compared with the traditional carbonic ester electrolyte, the negative-electrode-free sodium ion battery electrolyte provided by the embodiment of the invention has the advantages that the transmission rate of sodium ions can be improved, the sodium ions can be subjected to reversible deposition with high coulombic efficiency on a pure current collector, and the overall oxidation stability of the electrolyte is improved; the prepared sodium ion battery without the negative electrode can stably operate under high working voltage and has excellent electrochemical performance.

To provide a (meth)acrylic graft copolymer which enables provision of a cured product having high adhesive strength and impact strength, an epoxy resin composition containing the (meth)acrylic graft copolymer, a cured product of the same, an adhesive, a molding material and a fiber-reinforced plastic.SOLUTION: An epoxy resin composition has a main chain polymer structure and a side chain polymer structure, wherein the side chain polymer structure contains at least one of a hydroxyl group and an alkoxy group, and a cyclic ether group. An epoxy resin composition contains the (meth)acrylic graft copolymer, an epoxy resin (B) and a curing agent (C).SELECTED DRAWING: None

The invention relates to the technical field of lithium battery electrolytes, in particular to a preparation method of a polyether-based solid electrolyte and application of the polyether-based solid electrolyte in electrochemical devices such as lithium metal batteries. The polyether-based solid electrolyte material comprises a porous polymer skeleton, a cyclic ether monomer, a copper-based compound, a lithium salt and a plasticizing additive. The preparation method comprises the following steps: loading a copper-based compound into a porous polymer skeleton, adding cyclic ether, lithium salt and the like to carry out in-situ ring opening polymerization, cooperatively constructing a polyether-porous polymer skeleton three-dimensional network structure, and improving the mechanical strength of the electrolyte. Wherein the copper-based compound widens the chain spacing of the porous polymer, and is convenient for the cyclic ether monomer to penetrate into the skeleton; meanwhile, the in-situ ring-opening polymerization of the cyclic ether promotes the close contact between the electrolyte and an electrode, the interface impedance is reduced, and the ionic conductivity is improved. The polyether-based solid electrolyte prepared by the invention can promote stable circulation of a lithium metal battery.

An adhesive composition exhibiting good film-forming properties and excellent lightfastness, tensile strength, and elongation at break, a cured product of the adhesive composition, and a method for preparing the adhesive composition are provided. The adhesive composition of the present invention comprises a urethane prepolymer with an isocyanate end group and a polyether-polycarbonate polyol, wherein the polyether-polycarbonate polyol has three or more end groups in one molecule and includes a component derived from an initiator, a component derived from a cyclic ether, and a component derived from carbon dioxide, with the proportion of the component derived from carbon dioxide in one molecule being 10 to 30 wt%.

The present disclosure relates to an electrolyte for a lithium-sulfur battery and a lithium-sulfur battery comprising the same, and the electrolyte for the lithium-sulfur battery comprises a lithium salt and a nonaqueous solvent, wherein the nonaqueous solvent comprises glycol ether, cyclic ether and acyclic ether represented by the following chemical formula 1, the acyclic ether is included in an amount of 15 vol % or less based on the total volume of the nonaqueous solvent, and a ratio of a total volume of the glycol ether to a total volume of the acyclic ether is 5 or more:R1—O—R2  [Chemical formula 1]where R1 is an unsubstituted or substituted C1 to C3 alkyl group, and R2 is an unsubstituted or substituted C3 to C20 alkyl group.

The embodiment of the invention relates to a method for initiating in-situ polymerization of an electrolyte solution through electrochemical induction. A solvent of the electrolyte solution comprises cyclic ether molecules and halogen atom substituted ethylene carbonate molecules; the method comprises the following steps: carrying out constant-current charging on a battery to a set voltage, and carrying out constant-voltage charging for a specific time under the set voltage, so that halogen atoms of halogen atom substituted ethylene carbonate molecules are removed under the reduction potential of the negative electrode side of the battery to generate free radical sites, two molecular structures after halogen atoms are removed are mutually combined through the free radical sites to form a dimer, the dimer is migrated to the positive electrode side in an electrolyte solution, dehydrogenation reaction is carried out under the action of oxidation potential applied to the positive electrode side, and in-situ ring-opening polymerization reaction of cyclic ether molecules is initiated through removed hydrogen ions; therefore, in-situ polymerization solidification of the electrolyte solution is realized under the condition that a conventional initiator is not contained.

The present invention relates to a polymer electrolyte comprising a co-polymer and alkali metal ions, the co-polymer comprising a first, a second and optionally a third constitutional unit, wherein, the first constitutional unit is formed from a first monomer selected from the group consisting of a 5 to 8 membered cyclic carbonate and a 5 to 8 membered cyclic ether, wherein said cyclic carbonate or cyclic ether comprises an unsaturated carbon-carbon bond or is substituted by a methylidene, vinyl or allyl group, and is unsubstituted or substituted by one or two C1-6alkyl or phenyl groups; the second constitutional unit is formed from a second monomer selected from the group consisting of a C1-6alkyl acrylate and a C1-6alkyl methacrylate, said C1-6alkyl of the C1-6alkyl acrylate or C1-6alkyl methacrylate substituted by one or more halogen atoms; and the third constitutional unit is formed from a third monomer selected from the group consisting of a poly(ethylene glycol) acrylate and poly(ethylene glycol) methacrylate Also disclosed herein is a method of preparing the polymer electrolyte of the present invention and a battery comprising the polymer electrolyte of the present invention.

The invention provides an electrolyte suitable for a lithium negative electrode or a negative-electrode-free lithium battery, a lithium metal battery and a negative-electrode-free battery. The electrolyte comprises a solvent, a diluent and fluorine-containing lithium salt, wherein the solvent is selected from one or more of a linear ether solvent, a cyclic ether solvent and a siloxane solvent, and the linear ether solvent, the cyclic ether solvent and the siloxane solvent optionally have cyano substituent groups; the diluent is selected from one or more of a group consisting of fluoro aromatic hydrocarbon and fluoro alkane. The specific solvent and diluent are used, and the additive is further used, so that the electrochemical stability window and the capacity retention ratio and the lithium deposition efficiency of the battery are remarkably improved.

The invention discloses a polymer solid electrolyte and a preparation method of a negative-electrode-free solid sodium battery, and belongs to the technical field of new energy. The method comprises the following steps: dissolving sodium salt in an organic solvent, adding a polymer monomer, and fully stirring to obtain a solid electrolyte precursor solution; secondly, at room temperature, adding a polymerization initiator into the solid electrolyte precursor solution to initiate a cross-linking polymerization reaction, and standing at room temperature to obtain a polymer solid electrolyte; and finally, adding the polymer solid electrolyte between the positive electrode of the sodium-ion battery and the metal current collector to prepare the negative-electrode-free solid-state sodium battery. A Lewis acid initiator is utilized to initiate a cross-linking polymerization reaction of cyclic ether, a polymer solid electrolyte with high ionic conductivity is obtained at room temperature, and the solid sodium battery without a negative electrode is created by utilizing the polymer solid electrolyte, an existing sodium ion battery positive electrode material and a metal current collector; the mass specific energy of the negative-electrode-free solid-state sodium battery is greater than 350Wh kg <-1 >, the cycle life is 400 times, and the negative-electrode-free solid-state sodium battery does not generate smoke and fire under a mechanical puncture condition and has excellent safety.

Provided is a coloring composition comprising a colorant A including a dye, a polymerization initiator B, a polymerizable compound C, a compound d1 having a thermosetting group and a cationic group, and a compound D which is a salt of a counter anion d2 and has a specific absorbance of 5 or less, the thermosetting group of the compound d1 being at least one selected from a cyclic ether group and a methylol group. In this film, this color filter, this solid-state imaging element, and this image display device, said coloring composition is used.

The invention provides a gel electrolyte with a controllable polymerization degree, a preparation method of the gel electrolyte, a semi-solid lithium ion secondary battery and a preparation method of the semi-solid lithium ion secondary battery, and relates to the technical field of lithium ion batteries. Raw materials for preparing the gel electrolyte comprise a cyclic ether monomer, an initiator and a polymerization inhibitor; the cyclic ether monomer is subjected to ring opening polymerization to obtain an ether polymer; the polymerization inhibitor is an inorganic lithium salt, and the polymerization degree of the gel electrolyte is determined by the dosage of the polymerization inhibitor and the dosage of the initiator. The gel electrolyte provided by the invention has the fluidity advantage of a liquid electrolyte and the flexibility advantage of a solid polymer electrolyte, and is beneficial to maintaining a stable contact interface between the electrolyte and an electrode, reducing interface impedance and improving ion transmission.

The invention discloses a synthesis process of chiral cyclic ether indole. The synthesis process comprises the following steps: reacting 4-bromobenzaldehyde with malonic acid under the catalysis of piperidine to generate olefin carboxylic acid CHP-1; carrying out condensation reaction to prepare CHP-2; under the catalysis of a copper reagent, carrying out Michael addition reaction to obtain CHP-3; preparing a chiral alcohol intermediate CHP-4 through a reduction reaction; trifluoromethanesulfonic acid is used, and a chiral ether intermediate CHP-5 is prepared through ring closing; reacting with protected hydrazine by using a copper ion catalyst to obtain an intermediate CHP-6; the method comprises the following steps: by taking alcohol as a solvent, adding strong acid, and removing a protecting group of hydrazine to obtain an intermediate CHP-7; and carrying out ring closing by taking lewis acid as a catalyst to obtain an indole product CHP-8. The use of a noble metal catalyst palladium is avoided, and the cost is greatly reduced. The chiral center is directly constructed through a chemical method, and SFC is not needed for resolution, so that the cost is remarkably reduced, and industrial production is successfully realized.

The invention discloses a low-temperature sodium metal battery electrolyte and a preparation method and application thereof, and belongs to the technical field of energy storage batteries. The low-temperature sodium metal battery electrolyte provided by the invention is prepared by dissolving sodium salt in ethylene glycol diethyl ether (EGDEE) and cyclopentyl methyl ether (CPME). The ethyl chain at the tail end of EGDEE in the electrolyte prepared by the invention allows more anions to enter the first solvation sheath of the hybrid solvent, so that the ionic conductivity at the ultralow temperature of-40 DEG C is greatly improved. Meanwhile, a novel anion-rich solvation structure can be spontaneously formed at low temperature, and the kinematic mechanics rate of Na < + > is increased. Meanwhile, two organic solvents with non-cyclic ether structures are adopted, so that the problem of easy ring opening in the prior art is solved, ultralow sodium nucleation overpotential is shown, and uniform sodium deposition can be realized, so that the composite material has excellent reversibility and cycling stability at room temperature and low temperature, has excellent electrochemical performance, and is suitable for industrial production. And the prepared sodium metal battery has a wide application prospect.

The invention relates to a cyclic ether modified 3-cyano-4-arylaminoquinoline derivative and a preparation method and application thereof, the cyclic ether modified 3-cyano-4-arylaminoquinoline derivative is a compound as shown in a formula I or pharmaceutically acceptable salt thereof, tests prove that the cyclic ether modified 3-cyano-4-arylaminoquinoline derivative has good in-vitro antitumor activity, and a basis is provided for further research and development of antitumor drugs. # imgabs0 #

The invention belongs to the field of solid electrolytes, and particularly relates to a preparation method of a cross-linked polyether-based solid electrolyte, which comprises the following steps: polymerizing a precursor solution containing an ether monomer, a cross-linking agent containing an epoxy group, an electrolyte salt, an auxiliary agent I and an auxiliary agent II under ultraviolet irradiation to obtain the cross-linked polyether-based solid electrolyte, the auxiliary agent I is a compound which contains a structure shown in a formula 1 # imgabs0 # and can release free radicals under ultraviolet light; the auxiliary agent II is at least one cationic organic matter of diazonium salt, iodonium salt, sulfonium salt, ferrocene salt, sulfonyloxy ketone and triaryl siloxy ether. The invention also discloses the material prepared by the preparation method and an application of the material in a battery. According to the invention, the cyclic ether monomer, the cross-linking agent, the assistant I and the assistant II are polymerized under ultraviolet light, so that the polymerization of the cyclic ether monomer can be realized based on a brand new photo-initiation mechanism, and furthermore, the polymerization behavior and uniformity can be optimized, so that the comprehensive properties such as stability, mechanical property, conductivity and the like of the prepared solid electrolyte are improved.

The invention provides a method for preparing a composite solid electrolyte through a Lewis fluorine supply nano additive, and the composite solid electrolyte comprises the following components in parts by weight: 10-20 parts of a polymeric monomer, 2-6 parts of a lithium salt, 1-4 parts of a nano functional additive and 5-12 parts of an organic solvent. When the prepared composite solid electrolyte is used for a lithium ion battery, the composite solid electrolyte has the characteristics of no need of an additional initiator, uniform polymerization reaction, high ionic conductivity and the like, and the stability, the rate and the cycle performance of the semi-solid lithium ion battery can be improved; according to the preparation method, no extra initiator is added into the preparation raw materials of the in-situ cured solid electrolyte, the lithium salt is instably decomposed into the lewis acid in a heating state, the lewis acid is utilized to efficiently initiate ring-opening of cyclic ether to perform polymerization reaction, no initiator is left, and no extra side reaction is generated to cause reduction of battery performance.

The invention discloses a preparation method of an in-situ self-generated diaphragm type dual-network polymer electrolyte and a battery, and belongs to the technical field of lithium batteries. A staged in-situ polymerization strategy is adopted and comprises the following steps: firstly, applying a precursor solution containing an acrylate monomer, a polythiol cross-linking agent, a cyclic ether monomer, an initiator and a lithium salt to the surface of an electrode, partially polymerizing the solution under first initiation conditions such as transient ultraviolet irradiation and the like, and generating a layer of semi-solid gel diaphragm on the surface of the electrode in situ; then, an electrode with the gel diaphragm and a counter electrode are safely assembled into a battery; and finally, under second initiation conditions such as room temperature curing and the like, integrally curing and forming the dual-network polymer electrolyte in the battery. According to the method disclosed by the invention, physical isolation is realized by ingeniously utilizing the intermediate-state gel diaphragm, and the prepared electrolyte has high ionic conductivity, high mechanical strength and excellent interface stability, so that the assembled diaphragm-free solid-state lithium battery shows ultra-long cycle life.

A main purpose of the present disclosure is to provide an adhesive composition which contains a (meth)acrylate having a fluorine-containing organic group and which nevertheless can give cured objects having sufficient adhesion strength and a high infrared-light transmittance.　The adhesive composition comprises a (meth) acrylate compound, an epoxy compound, a crosslinking agent, and a photoacid generator. The (meth) acrylate compound includes a (meth) acrylate having a fluorine-containing organic group. The crosslinking agent includes a (meth)acrylic resin comprising a first structural unit, which is derived from a (meth)acrylate having a fluorine-containing organic group, and a second structural unit, which is derived from a (meth)acrylate having a cyclic ether group.

Moulding material mixture of natural and / or ceramic sands with a phenol-formaldehyde resin-free binder for foundry moulding sands, wherein the binder is either ➢as a one-component binder based on polyurethane and / or polyurea, comprising an aromatic or aliphatic oligomeric and / or polymeric isocyanate or a mixture of several aromatic and / or aliphatic oligomeric and / or polymeric isocyanates with partially delayed reactivity, and as an additive a non-functional diluent, wherein the isocyanates consist entirely or partially of pre-crosslinked reaction products, and wherein the pre-crosslinking is brought about by the reaction with di- or polyfunctional polyols with a stoichiometric deficit of hydrogen-active compounds, resulting in a residual content of free isocyanate groups in the range of 5 to 35%, and wherein the one-component binder is suitable for a multi-phase curing process using water-alcohol mixtures, or ➢ as a two-component binder based on polyurethane and / or polyurea, comprising . a component A with an average hydrogen functionality of 2.0 to 3.9, with an average equivalent weight of 450 to 900 g / eq of the reactants and with functional and / or non-functional additives that control the reactivity, non-functional admixtures that promote processability and ensure stability, wherein the reactants of component A are polyether alcohol mixtures of hydroxyl and / or mercapto groups and / or internal nitrogen-containing individual components, wherein the hydrogen-active compounds of the mixture of component A • two- to eight-functional polyether alcohols obtained by anionic or cationic ring-opening polymerization of cyclic ethers and simultaneous addition of the resulting polyether chains to OH / NH starter molecules and / or • Polythiols resulting from the esterification reaction of 3-mercaptopropionic acid with two or more alcohols or which are hydrogen-active polysulfide polymers with free SH groups, are selected and combined, and • an isocyanate-containing component B is present.

The invention belongs to the technical field of sodium secondary batteries, and particularly relates to a sodium battery electrolyte and a sodium metal / negative-electrode-free sodium battery, the sodium battery electrolyte comprises the following components: a sodium salt and an ether solvent; the ether solvent is a multi-chain ether solvent or a cyclic ether solvent; wherein the multi-chain ether solvent is chain ether containing a branched chain; according to the invention, the multi-chain ether solvent or the cyclic ether solvent is introduced, and the ability of the multi-chain ether solvent or the cyclic ether solvent to form a multipoint coordination configuration with sodium ions can be hindered on the basis that branched chains in the multi-chain ether and a cyclic structure of the cyclic ether have a relatively large steric hindrance effect, so that the dissociation degree of the sodium salt is slightly reduced, and the dissociation efficiency of the sodium salt is improved. According to the present invention, the sodium ion desolvation difficulty is significantly reduced, the sodium ion rapid desolvation is achieved, and particularly the desolvation advantage in the low temperature environment of-70-60 DEG C is significant, such that the efficient reversible deposition-stripping of the sodium metal at the low temperature is achieved, the formation of the sodium dendrite is avoided, and the application of the sodium metal battery under different environmental conditions is improved.

The present invention relates to a method for preparing an isohexide-based polycarbonate copolymer. The isohexide-based polycarbonate copolymer is obtained by sequentially carrying out a transesterification reaction, a pre-polycondensation reaction, and a final polycondensation reaction on diol and dialkyl carbonate under the action of a catalyst, wherein the diol includes diol A1 and diol A2, or further includes diol A3; the diol A1 is isohexide; the molecular structural formula of the diol A2 contains a cyclic ether structure and two primary hydroxyl groups, and the primary hydroxyl groups are linked to the cyclic ether structure via a methylene group; the diol A3 is a dihydroxy compound; and during the pre-polycondensation reaction, the temperature is first gradually increased to 180-200ºC within 5-15 min, the pressure is gradually reduced to 45-55 kPa within 5 min, and finally, gradient heating and gradient pressure reduction are carried out. The copolymer prepared by the present invention has high molecular weight, high heat resistance, high strength, high toughness, and transparency, and thus has a wide range of applications.

The invention discloses a preparation method and application of a gradient polymerized solid-state battery electrode, and belongs to the technical field of chemical power sources. The method specifically comprises the following steps that NASICON type inorganic solid-state electrolyte Na3Zr2Si2PO12 is distributed in an electrode material in a gradient mode to prepare a pole piece, an electrolyte precursor solution containing cyclic ether monomers and an initiator is injected into the pole piece, the NASICON type inorganic solid-state electrolyte Na3Zr2Si2PO12 distributed in the gradient mode inhibits the action of the initiator and the cyclic ether monomers, and the cyclic ether monomers and the cyclic ether monomers are separated from each other. The gradient polymerization of the cyclic ether-based polymer electrolyte in the electrode is realized, the gradient polymerized solid-state battery electrode is obtained, and the additive amount gradient of the NASICON type inorganic solid-state electrolyte Na3Zr2Si2PO12 is reduced in the direction from the near current collector to the far away from the current collector. The invention provides an innovative electrode scheme for the realization of a high-power and high-cycle-stability solid-state battery.

The invention discloses a molecular recovery type SBS modified asphalt regeneration agent and a preparation method thereof, which is prepared from a toughness recovery agent, a rigidity recovery agent, a plasticizer, a reaction auxiliary agent, and a network former; the toughness recovery agent is a mixture of aliphatic cyclic ether and aliphatic enol in a mass ratio of 4:1, the rigidity recovery agent is an aromatic cyclic ether, the plasticizer is activated by biological heavy oil and waste rubber powder in a mass ratio of 5:1, the reaction auxiliary agent is a tertiary amine compound, and the network former is a polyvalent primary amine compound. The regeneration agent of the invention can not only restore the component composition of the aged asphalt, but also balance the rigid-flexible block ratio of the SBS molecule after regeneration through the toughness recovery agent and the rigidity recovery agent, solve the problem of significant decrease in the high temperature performance of the regenerated SBS, and use the network former to fully restore the cross-linked network structure of the SBS, thereby improving the comprehensive road performance of the regenerated SBS modified asphalt. The formula is unique, the performance is excellent, and the application prospect is broad.

The present invention belongs to the technical field of new energy materials and devices, and relates to a gel electrolyte, a preparation method, and a solid-state lithium battery. A liquid novel initiator with a lower freezing point, a cyclic ether-based polymerizable monomer, and a plasticizer are mixed to form a homogeneous precursor solution. The precursor solution is injected into a battery casing and left to stand at room temperature (20°C - 35°C) for in-situ polymerization, and a gel electrolyte-based solid-state battery can be obtained. This gel electrolyte is initiated by a novel initiator and has better low-temperature performance compared with that initiated by a common initiator, forming a high-performance solid-state lithium battery.

The present invention provides a processing solution for semiconductor devices that excels in suppressing defects, a method for processing substrates, and a method for manufacturing semiconductor devices. [Solution] The present invention provides a processing solution for semiconductor devices, a method for processing substrates, and a method for manufacturing semiconductor devices, all of which contain a quaternary ammonium hydroxide compound, a cyclic ether compound, and an alkyl ketone, wherein the total content of the cyclic ether compound and the alkyl ketone is 0.001 ppm or more and less than 5 ppm.

The present invention aims to provide: a compound for forming a metal-containing film that yields a resist middle layer film enabling to obtain a favorable pattern shape and having high adhesiveness to a resist upper layer film to prevent collapse of a fine pattern in a fine patterning process in a semiconductor device manufacturing process; a composition for forming a metal-containing film using the compound; and a patterning process using the composition. A compound for forming a metal-containing film contains: at least one metal atom selected from a group consisting of Ti, Zr, and Hf; and a multidentate ligand coordinated to the metal atom and containing a cyclic ether structure having 2 to 13 carbon atoms.

Electrolyte compositions for secondary batteries having a metal anode are provided. The compositions include an electrolyte salt of an alkali metal, an alkaline earth metal, zinc, or aluminum; at least one solvent which solubilizes the electrolyte salt; and up to 25 wt. % of a selected non-polar additive. The solvent is selected from cyclic sulfones, cyclic sultones, cyclic ethers, partially fluorinated sulfonamides, fluorinated solvents and glymes. The nonpolar additive is selected from aromatic hydrocarbons, partially fluorinated aromatic hydrocarbons, fluorinated monoethers, partly fluorinated polyethers, fluorinated phosphate esters and fluorinated linear sulfones. Multiple combinations of metal salts, solvents and nonpolar additives having a coulombic efficiency of with respect to plating and stripping of the metal of at least 90% are provided.