3167results about "Cylinder heads" patented technology

A joining pin (3.2) with which two parts (1 and 2) made from a porous material, particularly wood or a wood-like material, are to be joined together, is anchored in the porous material at predetermined anchoring points (31, 33). For this purpose, a bore (4.2) with a closed inner end (41) is made in the parts (1 and 2). The shape of this bore (4.2) is so matched to the joining pin (3.2) that it can be introduced substantially without force expenditure into the bore and is positionable in a first position. At least one predetermined anchoring point (31, 33) between the joining pin (3.2) and the wall of the bore (4.2) is formed when pressure is built up by pressing the joining pin (3.2) with a pressing force (F) more deeply into the bore to a second position. Energy is supplied in a planned manner to the joining pin (3.2) so that at the predetermined anchoring points (31, 33) the thermoplastic material of the joining pin (3.2) is plasticized. The locally plasticized plastic material is pressed by the local pressure into the porous material of the parts and forms local, macroscopic anchors (10, 20). The joining pin (3.2) is, e.g., made entirely from a thermoplastic material and the energy for plasticizing is supplied thereto by ultrasonic vibration.

A control device for a spark-ignition engine, in which a mixture in a combustion chamber is fired by compression ignition in a part-load range under warm-running conditions, includes an EGR controller incorporating a valve operation controller for controlling internal EGR of hot burned gas and a cold EGR controller for controlling external EGR of cold burned gas. The EGR controller performs EGR control operation to leave the hot EGR gas in the combustion chamber in a lower-load, lower-speed region within a compression ignition combustion range and to introduce the cold EGR gas into the combustion chamber in a higher-load, higher-speed region within the compression ignition combustion range. The control device further includes a firing assist unit for inducing the compression ignition at least when ignitability of the mixture decreases due to introduction of the cold EGR gas in the compression ignition combustion range.

A method of making a perforated laminate wherein a pliable perforation device having plurality of holes and plurality of perforation pins in the holes is assembled on a laminate; the pins are driven through the uncured laminate to perforate the laminate; the laminate is then staged or cured with pins in place; and the pins are then removed from the cured laminate and pushed back into the perforation device for reuse thereof.

A system and method for forming structural assemblies with 3-D woven joint pre-forms. The method of the present invention forms complex structural assemblies with pre-formed structures. Adhesive is applied between the preformed structures and uncured 3-D woven textile pre-forms. Then together the preformed structures and uncured resin impregnated 3-D woven textile are cured with heat and/or pressure to form the larger complex structural assemblies.

An integrated expansion turbine/electrical generator assembly (collectively referred to as a “turbo-generator”) suitable for use in waste heat recovery and similar applications. The turbo-generator uses a common shaft mounting a one or more stage expansion turbine and a homopolar electrical generator. Magnetic levitating axial and thrust bearings are used to hold the common shaft in its proper position with a fixed housing. The magnetic bearings minimize frictional losses, allowing the common shaft to spin at a very high rotational velocity. Sensor rings continually monitor the common shaft's position. This information is used by control electronics to regulate the magnetic bearings in order to hold the rotating shaft's position. Electrical energy is extracted from the rotating shaft in the form of a direct current. Preferably integrated power-switching electronics are used to generate single or three-phase AC power, which can be phase-matched to an existing power grid or other application.

A construction machine of the present invention is provided, in a compartment formed by a cover, with an engine, a centrifugal fan, and a heat exchanger for exchanging heat between cooling air blown by the centrifugal fan and a specified medium, wherein the centrifugal fan and the heat exchanger are arranged further upstream than the engine with respect to flow of cooling air, so that cooling air sucked in by the centrifugal fan is led to the engine after passing through the heat exchanger.

This invention is directed to an apparatus and method for providing improved control of fuel, preferably gaseous fuel, to an internal combustion engine such that each cylinder of the engine will operate within a predetermined tolerance off of its lean misfire limit. The disclosed system introduces fuel to the engine at two locations: (1) upstream of the intake manifold to provide premixing of a majority of the fuel with air, and (2) near the intake valve of each cylinder for tailoring the fuel flow to each cylinder to achieve that fuel-to-air ratio which is necessary to maintain each cylinder at the desired tolerance from the lean misfire limit. Several calibration and control methods are described to maximize performance of the fuel system, including the use of a misfire detection technique to determine the lean misfire limit of each cylinder to allow the respective port fuel injector to provide a specified margin from lean misfire. The present invention enhances engine performance and driveability while reducing exhaust emissions.

A multi-port rotary valve used to distribute coolant to an engine cooling system comprises a valve body having a plurality of outlet ports for directing coolant flow to a radiator circuit, a heater circuit, and an auxiliary circuit. An internal gear driven rotary disc includes a gear driven mechanism located on an inner circumference of the rotary disc. The rotary disc includes two apertures positioned on a top surface of the rotary disc for regulating predetermined flow paths and flow rates to the plurality of ports. An inlet housing body which includes an inlet port mates with the valve body and encases the rotary disc. An actuator which is coupled to a drive gear mounted internal to the inlet housing body is responsive to a control signal for transmitting a torque to the internal drive gear for rotating the rotary disc to regulate coolant flow.

The present invention provides a method of making sheet articles, for example, abrasive articles, retroreflective articles (such as traffic signs), pavement marking articles, or traction or non-skid articles. The method includes passing particles through a thermal sprayer to heat the particles and impinging the heated particles into a polymeric sheet so that the particles are at least partially embedded in the polymeric sheet. Preferably, the polymeric sheet is heated before impingement of the heated particles. One preferred method of softening the sheet is by a thermal sprayer that is used to heat the particles. A preferred thermal sprayer is a flame sprayer having a nozzle for emitting a flame, where the nozzle has a cross-web width and a downweb thickness, the width being substantially greater than the thickness.

An active grille comprises a plurality of blades and an active material in operative communication with the blades. The active material is in operative communication with the blades and is operative to change at least one attribute in response to an activation signal, wherein fluid flow through the grille changes with the change in the at least one attribute of the active material. By way of example, in vehicle applications, the blades of a grille disposed in front of an engine compartment can be selectively positioned to provide increased airflow through the radiator due to increases in engine coolant temperature. As such, the active grille can be configured to improve vehicle fuel economy while maintaining proper engine cooling. An activation device, controller and sensors may be employed to further control the change in at least one feature of the active grille.

A pre-chamber spark plug that includes a shell. Additionally, the pre-chamber spark plug includes an insulator disposed within the shell. In a particular embodiment, a center electrode has a first portion surrounded by the insulator, and a second portion that extends from the insulator into a pre-chamber. The pre-chamber defined by the shell. In a further embodiment, a ground electrode is attached to the insulator. In particular embodiments, the ground electrode is tubular in shape and includes an inner spark surface ring spaced in surrounding relation to the center electrode to create a spark gap, an outer ring attached to the shell, and a plurality of rounded spokes connecting the inner and outer rings. In a particular embodiment, the ground and center electrodes accommodate attachment of precious metal alloys to increase electrode surface life. In another embodiment the ground electrode and insulator is coaxial to the center electrode.

A turbo-fed internal combustion engine has a first and a second exhaust-gas valve per cylinder, these exhaust-gas valves each being connected to their respective exhaust manifold. One exhaust manifold conducts exhaust gases to an exhaust-gas turbine and the other exhaust manifold conducts subsequent exhaust gases past this exhaust-gas turbine which drives a compressor for charge air. The intake valve of the cylinder is arranged so as, as the engine speed increases, to close either earlier, before the piston reaches its bottom dead center, or later, after the piston has passed its bottom dead center. In this way, the temperature increase resulting from compression in the cylinder is reduced. Cooled air from the compressor can be taken in so as to obtain an adequate degree of filling in the cylinder, with a lower final temperature.

In an internal combustion engine for a motor vehicle, having a cylinder head and an engine block, each with a coolant inlet port and a coolant outlet port which is common to the cylinder head the engine block, a main coolant pump having an intake side connected to the coolant outlet port and a pressure side connected to a first control valve via which coolant reaches the inlet port of the cylinder head and the inlet port of the engine block depending on the temperature of the coolant, and to a method for operating such an internal combustion engine, wherein the main coolant pump is selectively actuated to pump the coolant through at least one of the cylinder head and the engine block or is shut down depending on the engine operating state.

Methods and systems are provided for a boosted engine having a split exhaust system. One method includes reducing knock by flowing a combination of exhaust from towards the end of an exhaust stroke and blowthrough air to the intake of a compressor via a compressor inlet valve.

Catheter balloon assemblies (10) for delivering a therapeutic agent to a body vessel are provided, as well as related methods of manufacturing and methods of treatment. The catheter balloon assemblies may include a concentrically disposed dual balloon assembly at the distal portion of the catheter having an inner balloon (44), a porous outer balloon (42) concentrically arrayed around the inner balloon and a catheter shaft (30) adapted to deliver a therapeutic agent to the body vessel through the apertures in the outer balloon. Radial outward expansion of the inner balloon may urge the outer balloon into contact with the wall of a body vessel, where the therapeutic agent may be delivered from the catheter shaft through apertures in the outer balloon directly to the wall of the body vessel. Preferably, the catheter balloon assemblies include a stiffening′ member (210) within the proximal portion and/or a plurality of lumens lined with a fluorinated hydrocarbon to independently inflate the inner balloon, deliver the therapeutic agent through the outer balloon and house a wire guide (50). The catheter balloon assemblies may provide improved tractability and/or pushability characteristics.

An internal combustion engine of either two-cycle or four-cycle construction including a block having at least one cylinder bore therein having sidewalls carrying a liner of a structural fiber reinforced ceramic matrix composite material disposed in sealed fiber reinforced sliding relationship within the cylinder bore, and a cylinder head sealing atop end of the cylinder bore to form a closed combustion chamber in combination with the piston. The cylinder head also has the structural fiber reinforced ceramic matrix composite material disposed on an inner surface thereof facing the combustion chamber. The preferred engine is a two-cycle engine having an externally scavenged intake system and an oil sump lubricating system thereby eliminating the need to separately mix or inject lubricating oil. Higher operating temperatures and closer tolerances allow higher fuel efficiency and less pollutant production. A preferred structural fiber reinforced ceramic matrix composite material and the method of making same is also disclosed.

A composite member is joined to another composite or noncomposite member, using liquid or paste adhesive resin that cures in the joint. The joint is configured in such a way that the adhesive forms an interlocking key within recesses in the joined members that prevents joint disassembly once the adhesive has cured and hardened. Both of the members are provided with recesses extending along their lengths in the joint. The recesses register with each other to define a cavity and may undulate. The recessed are designed in such a way as to take the full load capability if the joint, even if there is no adhesion to the joined members. Adhesive is injected into the cavity through injection ports spaced periodically along the length of the joint.

A main CPU determines whether or not there is a request for one valve driving based on an engine operating state such as an engine speed and a load factor, with reference to a control map. When it is determined that there is a request for one valve driving, it is determined whether or not there is an overlapping period between opening periods. When it is determined that there is no overlapping period, a high speed control is performed for controlling electromagnetically driven valves. When it is determined that there is no request for one valve driving, or when it is determined that there is the overlapping period, a low speed control is performed for controlling electromagnetically driven valves.

An engine oil distribution system for an internal combustion engine includes a main gallery and a separate oil gallery for piston cooling nozzles. The separate gallery may be controlled by a control valve that regulates the oil flow. The oil flow to the separate gallery may be controlled by an electronic control module in accordance with the piston cooling needs, for example, varied as a function of the load applied to the engine, or as a function of engine temperature. Preferably, engine temperature is sensed by coolant fluid temperature, or directly measured metal temperature, correlated to the thermal state of the piston.

A prechamber spark plug may have a prechamber having a pre-determined aspect ratio and hole pattern to achieve particular combustion performance characteristics. The aspect ratio and hole pattern may induce a rotational flow of fuel-air in-filling streams inside the prechamber volume. The rotational flow of the fuel-air mixture may include both radial flow and axial flow characteristics based on the aspect ratio and hole pattern. Axial flow characteristics can include a first axial direction proximate the periphery of the rotational flow and a counter second axial direction approaching the center of the rotational flow. The radial and axial flow characteristics may further include radial air-fuel ratio stratification and/or axial air-fuel ratio stratification. The rotational flow, the radial flow and the axial flow may be adjusted by alteration of the aspect ratio and hole pattern to achieve particular combustion performance characteristics in relation to a wide variety of spark gap geometries.

The present invention relates to an uneven cylinder displacement arrangement of a multi-stage variable displacement engine. By arranging a plurality of cylinders of at least two different cylinder bores or at least two different strokes in an engine while grouping the plural cylinders into at least two cylinder groups, e.g. grouping odd-numbered cylinders in an ignition sequence of the engine into a first group while grouping even-numbered cylinders in an ignition sequence of the engine into a second group, the engine is enabled to have multi-stage displacement capability adapted to various operation speeds for reducing fuel consumption since the displacement of the engine can be varied by using the ignition sequence to control and select which groups are to be ignited for matching the current load of the engine. In a preferred embodiment of the invention, there are two kinds of cylinders of different cylinder bores arranged in an engine which are grouped into two cylinder groups by the control of the ignition sequence of the engine, whereas the cylinder bore of a cylinder grouped in one of the two cylinder group is the same as another cylinder of the same cylinder group, but is different to those grouped in another cylinder group.

The invention relates to a vessel for holding liquids and process for vessel assembly. The liquid-holding vessel can be assembled from film parts that have been thermoformed and heal-sealed together to form a closed vessel attached to a closure such as a weldspout fitment.

A blow-by gas collection passage (91) extends in a cylinder block (1) and a cylinder head (3). A crank chamber (61) is connected to an oil separator (92) through the blow-by gas collection passage (91). A cutout portion is formed in an upper end portion of a wall portion (97) of the blow-by gas collection passage (91), and the oil separator (92) contacts an upper surface of the cylinder head (3) to form a connection portion (98) through which the blow-by gas collection passage (91) is connected to a cam chamber (3A). Thus, new air in the cam chamber (3A) flows into the blow-by gas collection passage (91) at an inlet portion of the oil separator (92) through the connection portion (98) to dilute the blow-by gas.

Portable energy generation systems are disclosed. More particularly, a high-output mobile electrical generator system comprising a radial engine power source providing a highly compact physical format.

There is provided a cylinder device having optimal arrangement of fine textures and optimal surface roughness capable of reducing wear of a cylinder bore side and a piston ring by processing fine textures in an optimal selection region of the cylinder bore side to improve lubrication characteristics between the piston ring and the cylinder bore side while reducing engine oil consumption by processing surface roughness of the cylinder bore side to an optimal status.

A process for fabricating a composite vessel includes the steps of: A) preforming (e.g., by winding fiber and at least one thermoplastic substance onto a thermoplastic liner) a thermoplastic shell which has at least one opening for access to the interior; B) extruding a circular cross section of a fluid parison of thermoplastic material (which preferably is chosen to have a melting point lower than that of the thermoplastic shell) into the interior of the thermoplastic shell through the opening; C) in a mold, applying at least one force (such as gas under pressure) which tends to urge the fluid parison toward the interior walls of the thermoplastic shell (which may be preheated prior to introduction into the mold) such that the fluid parison imparts heat to the thermoplastic shell; D) continuing step C) until the thermoplastic shell and the fluid parison consolidate to form a composite vessel; E) cooling the vessel until it is solidified; and F) removing the vessel from the mold. For some composite vessels, prior to step C), an insert may be introduced into the interior of the parison and positioned in alignment with the opening in the thermoplastic shell such that the insert is rendered integral with the composite vessel during step D). Suitable thermoplastic materials include polyethylene, polypropylene, polybutylene terephthalate and polyethylene terephthalate. The resulting composite vessel exhibits superior mechanical and aesthetic properties.

A laser-clad processing apparatus of the present invention is one which is for carrying out laser-clad processing onto a valve-seat portion of a cylinder head, and is characterized in that it comprises cylinder-head holding means (1) for holding a cylinder head (H) in an inclining manner so that the central axial line of a valve seat becomes the vertical direction, a laser-processing head (2) for irradiating a laser beam onto a process part of the valve seat and at the same time discharging a powdery material to this process part, rotary means (3) which rotates around the central axial line of the valve seat in such a state that the laser-processing head is inclined with respect to the vertical direction, and powdery-material supply means (4) for supplying the powdery material to the laser-processing head.

Moreover, a laser-clad processing method of the present invention is characterized in that it fixes the cylinder head (H), and forms a clad layer while rotating the laser-processing head (2), which emits the laser beam with respect to the valve-seat portion of the cylinder head and discharges the powdery material, around the axial center line of the valve seat.

A piston for an internal combustion engine of an automotive vehicle. The piston has a piston ring and a piston skirt section each of which has a sliding section in slidable contact with a cylinder bore section of a cylinder block in presence of a lubricating oil. The cylinder bore section is formed of eutectic or hyper-eutectic aluminum alloy. Additionally, a hard carbon thin film is coated on the sliding section of the piston and contains hydrogen atom in an amount of not more than 1 atomic %. Here, the lubricating oil contains at least one selected from the group consisting of ashless fatty acid ester friction modifier, ashless aliphatic amine friction modifier, polybutenyl succinimide, derivative of polybutenyl succinimide, zinc dithiophosphate, and derivative of zinc dithiophosphate.

In a cylinder head, a cooling water passage with a circular shape (an elliptical shape) in cross section in radial direction is formed at an area (lower layer deck) closer to a combustion chamber than a water jacket in which a cooling water flows. The cooling water passage of the cylinder head is formed by casting by providing a hollow core in a mold and removing the hollow core.

A method is provided for using a three-dimensional, Pi-shaped, woven preform to assemble first and second composite components. The preform is infused with resin, and at least one surface of the preform is adhered to at least one surface of the first component using a film adhesive. The preform is cured while an oversized tool coated with non-stick material is located within a clevis formed by two legs of the preform. A removable peel ply is located between the tool and the clevis, and semi-rigid over-presses are used during curing. After curing, the tool, over-presses, and peel ply are removed, and adhesive is injected into the clevis. The second component is inserted into the clevis, the adhesive adhering to an inner surface of the clevis and to at least one surface of the second component for retaining the second component within the clevis, the second component having a smaller width than the tool.