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This invention discloses a turbine power generation device based on pulse detonation, comprising a compressor, a pulse detonation combustion chamber, a gas turbine, a coupling, a generator, and a controller. During operation, air enters from the compressor and is split into inner and outer bypass air. The inner bypass air passes through a cyclone separator and enters the mixing chamber. Fuel, controlled by a solenoid valve, enters the mixing chamber through a nozzle at the center of the cyclone separator, mixing with the air to form a premixed gas. After passing through a central conical blunt body, the premixed gas is ignited by a high-energy electric nozzle in a concave cavity and enters the detonation section. The flame accelerates in this section, ultimately forming a detonation wave. This detonation wave ejects the outer bypass air and enters the tailpipe together, further increasing the pressure. The ejected airflow enters the gas turbine and drives the generator to generate electricity. Compared to traditional slow-burning power generation devices, this invention has higher power generation efficiency, a wider range of power output variation, and can achieve rapid changes in power output.