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This invention provides a method, system, and storage medium for discriminating surface electromyography (EMG) signals in chronic low back pain based on a Fourier analysis neural network. First, a dataset is acquired, containing several EMG signals and their corresponding ground truth labels. The EMG signals are preprocessed to obtain preprocessed EMG signals. These preprocessed EMG signals are then input into a constructed Fourier analysis-based neural network to obtain a predicted label for each EMG signal. A loss function is constructed based on the ground truth labels and predicted labels, and the Fourier analysis-based neural network is trained to obtain a trained Fourier analysis-based neural network. The EMG signal to be detected is then input into the trained Fourier analysis-based neural network to obtain the corresponding predicted label. This invention, by constructing and training a Fourier analysis-based neural network, aims to extract discriminative latent periodic features, achieving automated discrimination of abnormal patterns in EMG signals of chronic low back pain, thus achieving more robust, generalizable, and efficient discrimination.