The invention provides an expressway tunnel detection vehicle system based on machine vision. The expressway tunnel detection vehicle system comprises a data collection system, a data processing and analysis system and a WEB display system. The data collection system comprises a detection vehicle body, a power supply system, a control system, an environment detection system, an image collection system and a laser scanning system. The power supply is equipped with a generator and an uninterrupted power source UPS. The control system employs an industrial control computer for control. The environment detection system employs a carbon monoxide detector and an anemograph. The expressway tunnel detection vehicle system is characterized in that the image collection system comprises a light source, a first image capturing device, a second image capturing device, a mileage positioned, an illumination detection device and a metal ball installed at the vehicle top; the first image capturing device captures tunnel lining apparent disease images; the second image capturing device captures tunnel whole course illumination images; the laser scanning system is an outline scanning device of a tunnel. The expressway tunnel detection vehicle system obtains tunnel diseases and driving environment data through continuous scanning of tunnel surfaces.