The invention relates to a multifunctional data acquisition module based on a compact peripheral component interconnect (CPCI) bus. The multifunctional data acquisition module comprises a hardware module and a field-programmable gate array (FPGA) program. The hardware module comprises an impedance control circuit board, an electronic component, a small computer system interface (SCSI100) signal connection socket, a standard CPCI bus connector, and a standard 3UEurocard front panel. The impedance control circuit board and the electronic component are the core functional carriers of the invention and are divided into eight functional units such as an analogue-digital (AD) conversion module, a digital-analogue (DA) conversion unit, a timer unit, a counter unit, a universal input-output (IO) unit and an auxiliary circuit unit. The FPGA program comprises an AD conversion module, a DA conversion module, a timer module, a counter module and a universal IO module and is programmed and developed by Verilog hardware description language (HDL). The multifunctional data acquisition module has steady performance, high reliability, high bus signal driving capability, far transmission distance, simple structure, powerful function, high cost performance, is convenient to use, and can perform long-term and continuous mass data transmission.