The invention discloses an agricultural unmanned gyroplane optimal working parameter testing device and method. The agricultural unmanned gyroplane optimal working parameter testing device comprises a gyroplane, a flight attitude console, a working altitude lifting platform, a pesticide spraying system, a wind speed flow field testing system and a spraying characteristic testing system, wherein the spraying characteristic testing system comprises a fogdrop flow field testing system, a fogdrop particle size measuring system and a spraying sedimentation testing system. According to the testing device and method, influences of single-rotor airplane structures, multi-rotor airplane structures, pesticide spraying parameters of pesticide application flow, pesticide application pressure, working altitudes and positions of spray nozzles relative to centers of airplane bodies, environmental influences of wind speed, wind direction, temperature and humidity and airplane attitude parameters of roll angles, pitching angles and yaw angles on fogdrop uniformity, wind speed flow field uniformity, fogdrop particle size distribution, other pesticide application effects and pesticide application efficiency can be provided comprehensively, systematically, synthetically and quantitatively, spraying characteristics of agricultural gyroplane spraying operation are tested, and optimal pesticide application combined parameters are researched.