System for the adsorption of Co(II) ions from aqueous solutions, comprising: a) a
raw material processing unit configured to collect waste date palm fruits of the Khenaizy and Qush Zabad varieties, wash them with deionized water, dry them at 60°C for 24 hours,
grind them into a
fine powder and
sieve the
powder to obtain uniform particle sizes; b) a
pyrolysis and activation unit functionally connected to the
raw material preparation unit, wherein the dried and sieved
powder is subjected to
thermal pyrolysis in a
tube furnace under a
nitrogen gas
atmosphere at temperatures of 500°C, 600°C and 700°C for two hours at a controlled heating rate of 10°C per minute, followed by physical activation using
carbon dioxide gas at 400°C for one hour to increase the
porosity and adsorption capacity, after which the
activated carbon is crushed and sieved to obtain particles in the size range of 250-300 µm; c) a unit for characterizing the adsorbent, configured to analyze the functional surface groups of the
activated carbon using
Fourier transform infrared spectroscopy (FTIR) and to evaluate its structural morphology and
elemental composition using scanning
electron microscopy (SEM) in conjunction with energy-dispersive X-
ray spectrometry (EDS); d) an adsorption test unit operationally linked to the adsorbent characterization unit and configured to evaluate the adsorption efficiency of the
activated carbon in removing Co(II) ions from aqueous solutions by performing batch adsorption studies with varying initial Co(II) concentrations (10-100 mg / L),
contact time and solution temperature (25-45°C), wherein 10 mg of activated carbon is placed in conical flasks containing Co(II) solutions and placed on an orbital
shaker, calculating the percent removal of Co(II) ions and the adsorption capacity using standard adsorption equations; e) a unit for analyzing the adsorption isotherm, configured to determine the adsorption behavior of Co(II) ions by evaluating equilibrium adsorption using the
Langmuir and Freundlich isotherm models, whereby the adsorption capacity, efficiency and surface interaction properties of the activated carbon are determined based on experimental data; wherein the
system provides an efficient, cost-effective and
environmentally friendly solution for
wastewater treatment by using date palm waste as a source of activated carbon, thereby optimizing the removal of heavy
metal ions and reducing
industrial pollution.