This application belongs to the field of battery technology, and particularly relates to
silicon-carbon composite materials and their preparation methods, electrodes, and batteries. The method includes: mixing
asphalt with
potassium hydroxide and dopants uniformly, heating to a first preset temperature, passing a crosslinking agent
mixed gas at a first preset flow rate for first activation, cooling to obtain
asphalt-based
porous carbon; adding the
asphalt-based
porous carbon to an
aldehyde compound solution, then adding a phenolic compound and a catalyst and mixing uniformly, performing a
hydrothermal reaction, filtering, and performing a second activation to obtain a hard carbon-coated soft carbon
porous carbon composite material; immersing the porous carbon
composite material in a liquid
silane solution and reacting under closed negative pressure to obtain an intermediate material; heating the asphalt to a
molten state, then adding the intermediate material and an organoniobium compound and stirring uniformly to perform
carbonization to obtain a
silicon-carbon
composite material; possessing low expansion, high pore volume,
low impedance, and high compaction density, thus improving the electrochemical performance of the battery.