41 results about "Lean control" patented technology

The present invention provides an NOx purifying catalyst that removes NOx with sufficient efficiency even under low temperature operation such as diesel engine automobiles. An NOx purifying catalyst for processing NOx in exhaust gas by rich/lean control of the air-fuel ratio of the exhaust gas, includes a first catalytic layer containing β-zeolite having iron and/or cerium elements, and a second catalytic layer including a noble metal and cerium oxide-based material; in which the second and the first catalytic layers are coated on a support in that order so that the first catalytic layer is the uppermost layer. The NOx purifying catalyst purifies NOx as showed in Reaction Formulations (1) to (4).

Lean condition 1: NO+½O₂−>NO₂  (1)

Rich condition: CO+H₂O−>CO₂  (2)

NO_x+H₂−>NH₃  (3)

Lean condition 2: NO_x+NH₃+O₂−>N₂+H₂O   (4)

A novel and useful neural network (NN) processing core adapted to implement artificial neural networks (ANNs) and incorporating processing circuits having compute and local memory elements. The NN processor is constructed from self-contained computational units organized in a hierarchical architecture. The homogeneity enables simpler management and control of similar computational units, aggregated in multiple levels of hierarchy. Computational units are designed with minimal overhead as possible, where additional features and capabilities are aggregated at higher levels in the hierarchy. On-chip memory provides storage for content inherently required for basic operation at a particular hierarchy and is coupled with the computational resources in an optimal ratio. Lean control provides just enough signaling to manage only the operations required at a particular hierarchical level. Dynamic resource assignment agility is provided which can be adjusted as required depending on resource availability and capacity of the device.

A body leaning control system includes a support mechanism arranged to support a pair of wheels to be movable up and down relative to a vehicle body, a resistance applying mechanism arranged to apply to the support mechanism a resistance to up-and-down motions of the pair of wheels, a lean amount acquiring device arranged to detect a lean amount of the vehicle body, and a controller arranged, based on detection results received from the lean amount acquiring device, to set the resistance of the resistance applying mechanism to a first resistance when the lean amount of the vehicle body exceeds a first angle, and to set the resistance of the resistance applying mechanism to a second resistance smaller than the first resistance when the lean amount of the vehicle body is at the first angle or less. This system can conveniently inhibit the vehicle body from leaning in excess of the first angle.

A novel and useful neural network (NN) processing core adapted to implement artificial neural networks (ANNs). The NN processor is constructed from self-contained computational units organized in a hierarchical architecture. The homogeneity enables simpler management and control of similar computational units, aggregated in multiple levels of hierarchy. Computational units are designed with minimal overhead as possible, where additional features and capabilities are aggregated at higher levels in the hierarchy. On-chip memory provides storage for content inherently required for basic operation at a particular hierarchy and is coupled with the computational resources in an optimal ratio. Lean control provides just enough signaling to manage only the operations required at a particular hierarchical level. Dynamic resource assignment agility is provided which can be adjusted as required depending on resource availability and capacity of the device.

An exhaust gas purifying apparatus for an internal combustion engine includes a lean control unit and a rich control unit. The lean control unit executes lean spike operation, in which an air-fuel ratio is temporarily changed in a lean direction by a lean change width relative to a reference air-fuel ratio. The rich control unit changes the air-fuel ratio in a rich direction by a rich change width relative to the reference air-fuel ratio after the lean control unit executes the lean spike operation such that the air-fuel ratio stays in a predetermined slightly rich region. The rich change width is smaller than the lean change width.

Systems, methods and apparatus are provided through which in some implementations a motorized tricycle includes a lean mechanism and an active system that is operably coupled to the lean mechanism that receives an signal indicative of an interaction with human, that is operable to detect a lean of the body of the human and that is operable to receive a sensed movement on the seat via multisensory devices, and to generate and send a signal to the lean mechanism from the signal, the lean and the sensed movement.

A method for selective rich/lean control of a combustion mixture using an electrochemical gas sensor. The method makes possible the operation of an NOx adsorption catalyst, which stores excess NOx present in the exhaust gas in a storage phase, the exhaustion of the storage capacity of the catalyst being expressed as an increase in the NOx concentration in the exhaust-gas stream after the catalytic converter, and which converts the stored NOx in a subsequent regeneration phase using a rich exhaust-gas mixture, the end of this reaction being able to be seen in a reduction in the lambda value of the exhaust-gas stream after the catalytic converter. The electrochemical gas sensor underlying the method for operating the NOx adsorption catalyst is operated such that the NOx and the oxygen concentrations in the exhaust-gas stream can be alternately determined using one and the same gas sensor.

A novel and useful neural network (NN) processing core adapted to implement artificial neural networks (ANNs) and incorporating strictly separate control and data planes. The NN processor is constructed from self-contained computational units organized in a hierarchical architecture. The homogeneity enables simpler management and control of similar computational units, aggregated in multiple levels of hierarchy. Computational units are designed with minimal overhead as possible, where additional features and capabilities are aggregated at higher levels in the hierarchy. On-chip memory provides storage for content inherently required for basic operation at a particular hierarchy and is coupled with the computational resources in an optimal ratio. Lean control provides just enough signaling to manage only the operations required at a particular hierarchical level. Dynamic resource assignment agility is provided which can be adjusted as required depending on resource availability and capacity of the device.

An air-fuel ratio control device for an internal combustion engine can detect the deteriorated purification state of a catalyst without delay after completion of rich or lean control, and can rapidly restore the purification state. A filter process constant for a downstream O₂ sensor output is set smaller when rich or lean control are performed, thus allowing detection of the deteriorated purification state of the catalyst without delay. After the rich or lean control is completed, a dual O₂ control system is used to rapidly restore the purification state. Further, the impact of downstream O₂ sensor output variation when the catalyst is deteriorated can be suppressed, and stability of the dual O₂ control system can be maintained.

Active air-fuel ratio control is performed to alternately control an air-fuel ratio in an area located upstream of a catalyst between a lean side and a rich side. The amount of oxygen absorbed and released by the catalyst during lean control and rich control of the air-fuel ratio is measured. When an output from the post-catalyst sensor reaches a predetermined threshold, switching is carried out between the lean control and the rich control, and the measurement of the amount of oxygen is ended. The threshold is set to be reached before the output from the post-catalyst sensor reaches a predetermined reference value. Whether the catalyst is normal or abnormal is determined based on the amount of oxygen measured until the output from the post-catalyst sensor reaches the threshold and behavior of the output from the post-catalyst sensor observed after the output from the post-catalyst sensor reaches the threshold.

A PCV valve that ventilates a crankcase is provided. A three-way catalyst and a NOx storage/reduction catalyst are provided in an exhaust passage. An electronic control unit performs a stoichiometric control and a lean control. When a crankcase ventilation request is issued, a relationship between a ventilation amount of ventilation achieved by the PCV valve and a fuel consumption resulting from the ventilation is calculated. Furthermore, an operational condition under which the ventilation amount meets a required ventilation amount and the fuel consumption is minimized is calculated. The operational condition is calculated so that a constant engine torque is maintained and the air-fuel ratio falls within a range that ensures purification.

The invention solves the problem that the quantity of unburnt gas is increased if a vehicle speed is limited by thinned-out ignition, CO, HC gas is increased and a load of the catalyst is increased, and the service life of the catalyst is considerably reduced. (a) shows control sections. A first vehicle speed threshold and a second vehicle speed threshold which is higher than the first one are set, and normal control is performed to the first vehicle speed threshold, lean control is performed between the first vehicle speed threshold and the second vehicle speed threshold, and the lean control and the ignition control (the thinned-out ignition) are performed above the second vehicle speed threshold. (b) shows the opening/closing operation of a solenoid valve, and (c) shows ignition control, and more specifically, the presence/absence of the thinned-out ignition. The vehicle speed is gradually reduced by the lean control in a first stage, and the vehicle speed is reliably reduced by the ignition control in a second stage. In the lean control, combustion is continued, the quantity of the unburnt gas is reduced, and an emission level can be increased.

Provided are a misfire detection apparatus and a misfire detection method for an internal combustion engine, which are capable of correctly detecting a misfire state of an engine for a vehicle small in number of cylinders and in rotational inertia without limiting control to O₂ feedback control. When an air/fuel ratio of an exhaust gas exhausted from a cylinder that is a misfire determination subject is in a lean state, and when lean control is not being carried out on the internal combustion engine, enrichment processing for the air/fuel ratio is carried out. When the air/fuel ratio remains in the lean state even though the enrichment processing is carried out, it is determined that misfire occurs in the cylinder that is a misfire determination subject.