The invention discloses a production method and equipment for linear alkylbenzenes which are developed by taking Fischer-Tropsch synthetic oil as raw materials. The method is used for producing C10-C13 linear alkylbenzenes by carrying out a liquid-phase reaction on the raw materials, namely n-alkane olefins containing 2-20 carbon atoms in the Fischer-Tropsch synthetic oil under the conditions thatthe reaction temperature is 35-70 DEG C, the reaction pressure is 0.4-1MPa and the benzene/alkene molar ratio is (4-12):1. By using the production method and equipment, firstly, the aim of ''three reduction'' including energy consumption reduction, investment reduction and processing cost reduction is achieved better; and secondly, the problem that the raw materials for producing the linear alkylbenzenes are scarce at present is solved better. The production method and equipment can be directly used for industrial production of the linear alkylbenzenes. The method comprises the steps: separating n-alkane olefins from the Fischer-Tropsch synthetic oil serving as a raw material, carrying out refining to remove higher alcohols, and then, carrying out an alkylation reaction. The production method is characterized by comprising the steps: making the raw material enter a pretreatment dividing wall column, making n-alkane olefins from which 10-13 carbon atoms are separated enter an extraction column, removing alkanes of the higher alcohols, then, carrying out mixing with benzene and hydrofluoric acid, next, making the mixture enter an alkylation reactor, and making a reaction product sequentially pass through a deacidification column, a debenzolization column and a product dividing wall column to obtain the high-purity C10-C13 linear alkylbenzenes.