The invention discloses a testing device for simulation and real-time detection of high-temperature deposition corrosion of thermal barrier coatings, belonging to the field of simulation devices in a special service environment. The testing device comprises a test board which is equipped with a sample fixture and a fixture fixing device, a cooling system, a high-temperature corrosion service environment simulation module, an exhaust system, a complex impedance spectroscopy measuring system, an acoustic emission testing system and a test control and display platform, wherein the complex impedance spectroscopy measuring system and the acoustic emission testing system are integrated together. The device can be used for adjusting the parameters such as variety, concentration, corrosive temperature of corrosive medium. The change of coating impedance and damaged acoustic emission signals when a sample is corroded can be periodically detected by the complex impedance spectroscopy measuring system and the acoustic emission testing system, the high-temperature corrosion of various impurity particles, such as Ca, Mg, Al, Si and Na of thermal barrier coatings of aero-engine turbine blades in actual service temperature environment is actually simulated; in addition, the corrosion failure process is periodically detected; and an important test platform is provided for correctly understanding the high-temperature corrosion mechanism of thermal barrier coatings and optimizing the material design thereof.