211 results about "Relative thickness" patented technology

A glass laminate substrate for electronic substrates, such as flat panel displays, includes a transparent glass core bounded by transparent glass skin layers, wherein the coefficient of thermal expansion of the core is greater than the coefficient of thermal expansion of the skin layers thereby forming a residual compressive stress in the skin layers and a residual tensile stress in the core. The relative thickness of the skin layers can be selected to enhance the strength of the glass laminate substrate while maintaining a sufficiently low residual tensile stress in the core to allow scribing and separating of the substrate to size. Interlayers can be located between the core and the skin layers, wherein the interlayers include a residual compressive stress, and produce a reduced residual tensile stress in the core.

Current-perpendicular-to-plane (CPP) spin valve (SV) and magnetic tunnel junction (MTJ) sensors are provided having an antiparallel (AP)-coupled longitudinal bias stack for instack biasing to stabilize the free layer. A CPP sensor comprises a longitudinal bias stack adjacent to and in contact with a free (sense) layer of the sensor. The bias stack comprises an antiparallel (AP)-pinned layer including FM1 and FM2 layers separated by an antiparallel coupling (APC) layer. The FM1 layer is separated from the free layer of the sensor by a nonmagnetic spacer layer. By choosing the relative thicknesses of the FM1 and FM2 layers, the bias field HB from the AP-pinned layer and the ferromagnetic coupling field HFC between the FM1 layer and the free layer is made additive at the free layer for either positive or negative coupling. By ensuring that the bias field adds to the coupling field, the stability of the free layer by in-stack longitudinal biasing is improved.

Processes are provided herein for deposition of organic films. Organic films can be deposited, including selective deposition on one surface of a substrate relative to a second surface of the substrate. For example, polymer films may be selectively deposited on a first metallic surface relative to a second dielectric surface. Selectivity, as measured by relative thicknesses on the different layers, of above about 50% or even about 90% is achieved. The selectively deposited organic film may be subjected to an etch process to render the process completely selective. Processes are also provided for particular organic film materials, independent of selectivity. Masking applications employing selective organic films are provided. Post-deposition modification of the organic films, such as metallic infiltration and/or carbon removal, is also disclosed.

Processes are provided herein for deposition of organic films. Organic films can be deposited, including selective deposition on one surface of a substrate relative to a second surface of the substrate. For example, polymer films may be selectively deposited on a first metallic surface relative to a second dielectric surface. Selectivity, as measured by relative thicknesses on the different layers, of above about 50% or even about 90% is achieved. The selectively deposited organic film may be subjected to an etch process to render the process completely selective. Processes are also provided for particular organic film materials, independent of selectivity.

The invention comprises an apparatus for measuring the relative thickness of the lipid layer component of the precorneal tear film on the surface of an eye after distribution of the lipid layer subsequent to blinking is disclosed. An illuminator directs light to the lipid layer of a patient's eye. The illuminator is a broad spectrum light source covering the visible region and is a lambertion light emitter such that the light source is specularly reflected from the lipid layer and undergoes constructive and destructive interference in the lipid layer. A collector collects and focuses the specularly reflected light such that the interference patterns on the tear film lipid layer are observable. The collector also produces an output signal representative of the specularly reflected light which is suitable for further analysis, such as projection on to a high resolution video monitor or analysis by or storage in a computer. In order to facilitate ease of measurement, the patient's head may be positioned on an observation platform when the illuminator directs light to the lipid layer of the patient's eye.

A modified and improved polarizier ellipsometer allows for improved signal quality and signal to noise performance. This improvement is based on rotating one polarizer relative to the other fixed polarizer to generate AC mode signals related to a thin film under analysis. The AC mode signal may be compared to a background signal and the ratio of sample signal to background signal used to provide a more accurate assessment of film thickness. The normalized AC signal for an unknown thickness may be compared to a standard curve generated for a film of similar optical properties for an exact thickness determination or may be used directly to report a relative thickness value. Other modifications of the improved polarizer ellipsometer of the invention are also described where one or both of the fixed polarizers are removed to improve the signal intensity through reduction of the number of optical components. These modifications are designed to address specific thin film and substrate combinations.

A disposable package for consumable contents includes a container having a surrounding wall of upstanding, generally flexible material extending from a container bottom to a wide mouth defined by a rim formation of greater relative thickness than said surrounding wall, said mouth being of greater than two inch minimum horizontal dimension and being about as wide as the horizontal cross-section of a top of the container. The disposable package further includes a removable lid at least partially closing the mouth, the lid having a rim portion extending over and removably engaged with the rim formation to form at least part of an attachment of the lid to the container, the attachment being constructed to support the container and its contents when suspended by the lid, and a flexible suspending element extending from the lid and arranged to be engaged by a thin support element, the suspending element being sized and arranged, with a length less than about 5 inches, such that when engaged by said support element, the suspending element suspends the container by its lid in a position below the support, for at least one of display and transport. In some embodiments, a single suspending element extends from a rim region of the container, the element being located to suspend the package at a tilted orientation, such that the lid of the container, so suspended, extends at a greater angle to horizontal than does the lid of the container when rested upon said bottom. Also, a display rack is provided for displaying such disposable packages.

A magnetoelectric magnetic field sensor has one or more laminated magnetostrictive layers and piezoelectric layers. The magnetostrictive layers are magnetized by a bias magnetic field in a longitudinal, in-plane direction. The piezoelectric layers can be poled in the longitudinal direction or perpendicular direction. The longitudinal magnetization of the magnetostrictive layers provides greatly increased sensitivity at lower bias fields compared to other magnetoelectric sensors. Perpendicular poling of the piezoelectric layers tends to provide higher sensitivity at lower detection frequency (e.g. less than 1 Hz). Longitudinal poling tends to provide higher sensitivity at high detection frequency (e.g. above 10 Hz). Also included are embodiments having relative thicknesses for the magnetostrictive layers that are optimized for sensitivity. Equations are provided for calculating the best relative thickness for the magnetostrictive layer for maximum sensitivity.

A system and method for determining volume-related parameters of a biological tissue, such as ocular tissue, include a light source for projecting light towards the biological tissue, a receiver for receiving light reflected from the biological tissue at two spectral wavelengths, and an image acquisition system in communication with the receiver for forming an image from the reflected light at each wavelength. A processor applies a mathematical model to the image which compares the absorption of light by the biological tissue at a selected image point at each of the two spectral wavelengths to determine the volume-related parameters, such as the relative thickness and material properties, of the biological tissue at that location.

An insulated sheathing panel comprises an insulating member and a facing. The insulating member has two adjacent edges formed by a portion of its thickness extending beyond two corresponding adjacent edges of said facing. Two other adjacent edges of said insulating member in the said relative thickness portion are recessed within two corresponding edges of said facing. When the panels are applied to a stud wall, their edges are ship-lapped, with edges of the facings in abutted relation so there is not thermal break at the panel seam. “Z”-shaped clips or elongated bars are used to secure panels to the stud wall. The panel facings are finished and no vapor barrier is required. Methods are included.

The invention relates to an ultrahigh metallic resistance composite multi-frequency wave-absorbing material and belongs to the technical field of wave-absorbing materials. The technical problems that in the prior art, a circuit simulation wave-absorbing structure is narrow in wave-absorbing bandwidth, single in wave-absorbing frequency band and large in relative thickness are solved. The wave-absorbing material comprises a frequency selecting surface, a medium layer and a metal bottom plate. The frequency selecting surface is composed of patch units arrayed periodically, and each patch unit comprises a square patch, a first square surrounding patch and a second square surrounding patch, wherein the square patch, the first square surrounding patch and the second square surround patch are sequentially arrayed from inside to outside according to the length of sides. The wave-absorbing material further comprises four L-shaped patches which are symmetrically arranged outside four right angles of the second square surrounding patch. The double-frequency or triple frequency wave-absorbing characteristic that the reflection coefficient, below -10dB, of the wave-absorbing material is adjusted within the 4 GHz-18 GHz range can be achieved, the reflection coefficient of about -20 dB can be achieved nearby a wave-absorbing harmonic peak, and therefore a higher wave-absorbing effect is achieved.

The invention discloses a group of large-thickness blunt-trailing-edge wind-power airfoil profiles and a design method thereof. The airfoil profiles have high lift coefficients under operation angles of attack. The airfoil profile group includes four airfoil profiles with relative thicknesses of 45%, 50%, 55% and 60% in sequence and with trailing edge thicknesses of 7%, 9%, 12% and 16% in sequence. Variable working condition design is adopted by the airfoil profile group, design Reynolds numbers of the four airfoil profiles are 4.0*106, 3.5*106, 3.0*106 and 2.5*106 in sequence according to the relative thicknesses, and the design objective mainly aims to take stability, changed along with the Reynolds numbers, of the lift coefficients as main constraint according to change features of the lifting coefficients within the range of large angles of attack in vane root areas. Numerical prediction results indicate that when the four large-thickness blunt-trailing-edge airfoil profiles are in the range of large angles of attack, the lift coefficients ascend continuously and stably and are in a high level. By the airfoil profile group, vane structural strength and stiffness can be improved, and a wind turbine can have high-efficient and stable output.

The invention discloses a degradable lamellar Zn-Mg composite material and a preparation method thereof. The outer layer of a lamellar medical metal composite material is made of pure zinc or zinc alloy, and the core part of the lamellar medical metal composite material is made of pure magnesium or magnesium alloy; the ratio of zinc or zinc alloy and magnesium or magnesium alloy is calculated according to volume percentage, zinc or zinc alloy accounts for 20%-50% of the total volume of the material, and the balance is magnesium or magnesium alloy. The lamellar composite material is prepared bycombining layered casting with nested extruding. The degradable lamellar Zn-Mg composite material has the advantages that: the selected magnesium alloy and the selected zinc alloy have good biocompatibility and degradability; mechanical properties and a degradation rate of the integral composite material are controlled by controlling a relative thickness of a Zn layer to a Mg layer, so that the composite material adapts to a service environment, and therefore, a condition that single metal is too quick or too slow in degradation is solved. The material design and the preparation method are simple and convenient, and the cost is low, so that industrial production is facilitated.

An optical medium has a graded effective refractive index with a high maximum refractive index change. The medium is formed using alternating layers of two or more materials having significantly different refractive indices. The thickness of the layers of at least one of the materials is substantially less than the effective light wavelength of interest. The effective index of refraction in a local region within the medium depends on the ratio of the average volumes of the two materials in the local region. A graded index of refraction is provided by varying the relative thicknesses of the two materials.

Disclosed herein are coating materials and methods for applying a top-layer coating that is durable, abrasion resistant, highly transparent, hydrophobic, low-friction, moisture-sealing, anti-soiling, and self-cleaning to an existing conventional high temperature anti-reflective coating. The top coat imparts superior durability performance and new properties to the under-laying conventional high temperature anti-reflective coating without reducing the anti-reflectiveness of the coating. Methods and data for optimizing the relative thickness of the under-layer high temperature anti-reflective coating and the top-layer thickness for optimizing optical performance are also disclosed.

The invention discloses a method for parameter testing the performance of a wing profile special for a horizontal axis wind turbine. The method comprises the following steps of: firstly, acquiring the wing profile and aerodynamic data thereof; secondly, analyzing the geometry parameter of the wing profile and dividing the wing profile into a thin type and a thick type according to different relative thicknesses; thirdly, obtaining a design point performance parameter item, a non-design point performance parameter item, a stalling characteristic parameter item and a stability parameter item of the wing profile; fourthly, comparing with the performance reference index of the wing profile to obtain a relative value and judging the performance level of the wing profile; and finally, endowing the wing profile with different weight coefficients according to different types of the wing profiles, and calculating an overall performance evaluation value of the wing profile based on the relative value to judge the performance level of the wing profile of the wind turbine. The invention can provide a judging basis and a method for selecting different wing profiles on different parts when wind turbine blades are designed or can be used for evaluating the performance of an intermediate wing profile during design and optimization of new wing profiles.

The invention provides a friction stir welding method for different metal plates. The friction stir welding method for different metal plates comprises the following steps that (1) the relative thicknesses of two metal plates are determined; (2) connector structures are machined at the welding end of the two metal plates, specifically, a rectangular groove is machined in the welding end of the low-melting point metal plate, and a rectangular boss is machined at the welding end of the high-melting point metal plate, and the height and thickness of the rectangular boss are matched with the depth and width of the rectangular groove correspondingly; (3) whether a transition layer capable of avoiding or reducing generated intermetallic compounds needs to be additionally arranged or nor is determined, specifically, the transition layer is arranged on the surface of the rectangular boss if the ductility of the intermetalic compounds between the two metal plates is not larger than 2%, otherwise, the next step is executed directly; (4) the two metal plates are fixed through clamps; (5) welding technological parameters are set; and (6) welding of the two metal plates is completed through a stirring head according to the set welding technological parameters. According to the friction stir welding method for different metal plates, the welding quality is high, and the stress condition of connectors can be improved.