The invention discloses a
time series prediction method based on a multi-
modal enhanced large
language model, which comprises the following steps: acquiring historical
time series data, constructing a standardized input matrix and setting core task parameters; dividing data blocks through a sliding window mechanism, and converting the data blocks into uniform dimension features through
linear embedding; a semantic prototype is generated based on a large
language model vocabulary, and
time sequence features and semantic features are fused through multi-head cross-attention; alternately splicing the data blocks and the corresponding
semantic information, and constructing a self-multi-
modal input sequence; designing a three-level structured prompt including context, task target and
modal guidance, and fusing the three-level structured prompt with a multi-modal sequence; and training the lightweight model by adopting a frozen training strategy, and outputting a prediction result of a specified
time step in the future. According to the method, through single-
source data enhancement and prompt guidance, the
time sequence reasoning capability of a small-parameter large
language model is activated, high-precision prediction is guaranteed, efficient deployment is achieved, and the method adapts to long-term and short-term prediction tasks in the fields of
electric power, traffic,
meteorology and the like.