168 results about "Optical efficiency" patented technology

The utility model relates to an LCOS (Liquid Crystal On Silicon) projection device, which comprises a light source module capable of emitting red, green and blue light beams, a polarization filter and an imaging lens which are sequentially arranged along a projection light path, an LCOS chip capable of modulating the polarization state of incident light is arranged on a projection light path between the polarization filter and the imaging lens, and an imaging lens group capable of imaging the incident light onto the LCOS chip is arranged on a projection light path between the light source module and the polarization filter. And a polarization layer capable of transmitting P polarized light and reflecting S polarized light is arranged on the polarization filter. Compared with a polarizing prism applied to a traditional LCOS projection light path, the LCOS projection light path has the advantages that through the arrangement of the polarizing filter and the polarizing layer which is arranged on the polarizing filter and can transmit P polarized light and reflect S polarized light, the LCOS projection light path has higher polarization efficiency, stray light is reduced, and optical efficiency is improved.

The invention discloses a diffractive optical waveguide and a preparation method thereof, and a head-mounted display device, and relates to the technical field of augmented reality, and the preparation method of the diffractive optical waveguide comprises the steps: obtaining a target eye box range adaptive to a target crowd; according to the human eye parameters of each user group in the target group, splitting the target eye box range to obtain sub-eye box ranges adapted to each user group; diffractive optical waveguides adapted to the user groups are prepared based on the sub-eye box ranges, and the area of a coupled-out grating in each diffractive optical waveguide is smaller than the area of a coupled-out grating of an optical waveguide designed for covering the target eye box range. The optical efficiency and uniformity of the diffractive optical waveguide can be ensured, and the diffractive optical waveguide is prevented from generating obvious rainbow lines, so that the use experience of a user is improved.

The invention discloses an imaging type optical system for a high-intensity magnetic field Fourier infrared spectrum device, which comprises a solenoid superconducting magnet tubular sample cavity for the high-intensity magnetic field Fourier infrared spectrum device, and a non-magnetic damping sleeve arranged in the solenoid superconducting magnet tubular sample cavity, a non-magnetic mirror surface gold-plated optical waveguide is arranged at the upper part in the non-magnetic damping sleeve, a Faraday optical module is arranged at the lower part in the non-magnetic damping sleeve, and an adjustable sample bearing table and a low-temperature thermometer and magnetometer assembly are arranged below the non-magnetic mirror surface gold-plated optical waveguide; the non-magnetic mirror surface gold-plated optical waveguide comprises a light-in waveguide and a light-out waveguide, and the Faraday optical module integrates a switchable reflection module and a transmission module which are respectively adapted to different strong magnetic field Fourier infrared spectrum measurement requirements. The optical efficiency of the high-intensity magnetic field Fourier infrared spectrum device is improved, the problems of high optical loss and scattering interference of a traditional device are solved, and the signal-to-noise ratio is increased.

A pumping module of a VCSEL side-pumped solid-state laser and a corresponding solid-state laser. The pumping module uses a design of pumping in an even number of directions, achieves a symmetrical pumping cavity and a mutual reflection chamber, and improves pumping light distribution uniformity. By means of the high reflectivity characteristic of surfaces of VCSEL chips (2) and a packaging substrate and a heat sink (1) therefor, a design in which no independent reflection chamber is provided and the heat sink (1) is integrated is realized, the structure is simplified, and the symmetry of light spots is improved. In addition, a cooling pipe (4) having a frosted outer surface is introduced, so that the uniformity of light beams is further improved by means of a diffusion mechanism, and reflection on the surfaces of the VCSEL chips (2) is used to compensate for possible loss, thereby ensuring that optical-to-optical efficiency is almost unchanged. By using an eccentric pumping structure and an optimized wavelength distribution of the VCSEL chips (2), the absorption uniformity of a crystal rod (200) is further improved; and the uniformity of light beams can be effectively improved, especially when the diameter of the crystal rod (200) is large. The present invention has the advantages of a simple structure, stable performance and good light spot symmetry.

The invention relates to a bottom alignment grating preparation method and a bottom alignment grating, and the bottom alignment grating preparation method comprises the steps: depositing a grating material on a light-transmitting substrate, so as to form a grating material layer on the light-transmitting substrate; etching the grating material layer to form a plurality of grating areas with different heights on the grating material layer; and respectively etching each grating area to the light-transmitting substrate to form a plurality of groups of gratings with different heights so as to obtain a bottom-aligned grating. The partition structure of each grating area of the bottom-aligned grating is bottom-aligned, so that the optical efficiency of an optical device can be improved, and an optical film interference effect caused by a residual film is reduced. The bottom alignment grating can be prepared through the preparation method of the bottom alignment grating provided by the invention.

An optical film structure and a display device. The optical film structure comprises: a diffusion film (11), a first prism film (12) arranged on the diffusion film (11), and a second prism film (13) arranged on the side of the first prism film away from the diffusion film (11); the first prism film (12) comprises a first substrate (121) and first prisms (122) arranged on the side of the first substrate away from the diffusion film (11), and an inclination angle (θ1) of each first prism (122) ranges from 60 degrees to 80 degrees; the second prism film (13) comprises a second substrate (131) and second prisms (132) arranged on the side of the second substrate (131) away from the diffusion film (11), and an inclination angle (θ2) of each second prism (132) ranges from 20 degrees to 40 degrees; and a second vertex angle is provided on the side of each second prism (132) away from the second substrate (131), and the second vertex angle is an obtuse angle. The luminance of lateral output light can be improved, so that a corresponding display device can improve the optical efficiency while satisfying specifications of luminance and viewing angle in the TCO certified standard.

The invention provides a health detection device and method based on a laser light source, and belongs to the technical field of health detection.The health detection device comprises the laser light source, a beam expander, a plurality of detectors and a processor; the beam expander is used for directionally expanding and condensing laser emitted by the laser light source to form small-angle directionally-emitted light beams in multiple directions, and reflected light or transmission light is generated after all the small-angle directionally-emitted light beams irradiate multiple skin positions of a user; the plurality of detectors are used for collecting the reflected light or transmission light corresponding to the position; the processor is used for conducting fusion processing on signals collected by the detector, and a heart rate detection result or a blood oxygen detection result is obtained. According to the invention, the emission angle of the laser light source is small, the electro-optical efficiency is high, the utilization rate of light energy is greatly improved by combining the directional beam expansion and light condensation of the beam expander on light, the plurality of detectors are beneficial to compensating signal drift and trailing phenomena caused by movement, and the static and dynamic detection precision is improved.

A head-up display (HUD) and its image generating apparatus are disclosed. The image generating apparatus includes a light source module, an illumination element, and a light modulation module. The light source module provides a first color beam and a second color beam at different times. The illumination element homogenizes the first color beam and the second color beam to form a first color illumination beam and a second color illumination beam, which are then transmitted to the light modulation module. A first gap distance exists between the light modulation module and the illumination element, and the light modulation module includes a plurality of pixel units arranged in an array. Each of these pixel units can be in an on or off state and receives the first color illumination beam and the second color illumination beam at different times to convert the first color illumination beam or the second color illumination beam into an image beam. The image generating apparatus of the present invention can reduce the risk of overheating and improve optical efficiency.

The invention discloses a vehicle lamp assembly and a vehicle. The vehicle lamp assembly comprises a low beam module and a high beam module. The low beam module comprises a first light guide part, a second light guide part and a third light guide part. The first light guide component is provided with a first incident surface and a reflecting surface; the second light guide component is provided with a first emergent surface; the reflecting surface is arranged in the light emitting direction of the first light incident surface, the first light emitting surface is arranged in the light emitting direction of the reflecting surface, and the reflecting surface is a paraboloid or an ellipsoid; the high beam module comprises a fourth light guide component. According to the optical module, the reflecting surface is arranged on the first light guide part, the first light guide part is a transparent part, the physical loss of light is reduced, the light is transmitted in the first light guide part, the reflectivity of the reflecting surface is high, and the optical efficiency of the optical module is improved; the first light guide component and the second light guide component are integrally arranged, so that the light is prevented from being subjected to medium transformation in the propagation process, the light is always propagated in the same medium, and the optical efficiency of the optical module is improved.

The invention discloses a heliostat field layout optimization method and device, a medium and a product, and relates to the field of photo-thermal power generation. The method comprises the following steps of: discretizing a solar cone into a plurality of light rays, simulating a propagation path of the light rays in a heliostat field by adopting a Monte Carlo ray tracing method, and further calculating shadow shielding efficiency and heat collector cutoff efficiency; calculating the comprehensive optical efficiency of the single-sided heliostats in the heliostat field according to the shadow shielding efficiency and the heat collector cut-off efficiency, and further calculating the annual average optical efficiency and the annual average output heat power of the heliostat field; the annual average optical efficiency and the annual average output thermal power are used as objective functions of a non-dominated sorting genetic algorithm, heliostat field layout is optimized, and a Pareto optimal solution set is obtained; and a weighted maximum satisfaction method is adopted to make a decision, and an optimal layout scheme of the heliostat field is selected from the Pareto optimal solution set. By improving the accuracy of optical efficiency calculation in the heliostat field layout optimization process, the energy efficiency of the heliostat field is maximized.

The invention discloses a system for eliminating ghosting head-up display based on a polarization body holographic optical waveguide. The system comprises a high-selectivity P light reflecting film, a circular polarizer, a polarization body holographic optical waveguide structure, a projection image source and head-up display windshield glass, a high-selectivity P light reflecting film is arranged in the head-up display windshield glass; the emergent light of the projection image source enters the in-coupling grating of the polarization body holographic optical waveguide structure and enters the circular polarizer through the out-coupling grating of the polarization body holographic optical waveguide structure, and the emergent light of the circular polarizer is reflected by the high-selectivity P light reflecting film in the head-up display windshield glass. The method and thought are provided for existing diffraction optical waveguide type head-up display and image quality optimization design thereof, the imaging quality is improved, the process complexity is reduced under the condition that the size advantage of the diffraction optical waveguide is expanded, an optical system with optical efficiency and low ghosting phenomenon is expected to be achieved, and technical support is provided for development of near-to-eye display equipment.

The utility model discloses a glue supply structure for delaying powder sedimentation for an LED packaging system, which comprises a glue tube, a glue outlet head communicated with the glue tube is mounted at one end of the glue tube, a glue tube sleeve head is mounted at the other end of the glue tube, a push rod is in threaded connection with the glue tube sleeve head, one end of the push rod is arranged outside the glue tube and is rotatably provided with a connecting pin, and the other end of the push rod is provided with a connecting rod. The other end of the push rod is arranged in the rubber tube and provided with the push rod head, the push rod is rotationally connected with the connecting pin, and meanwhile the push rod is in threaded connection with the rubber tube sleeve head, so that the push rod rotates while moving linearly, and the push rod can drive the push rod head to move linearly and rotate in the rubber tube. According to the utility model, the rubber material in the rubber tube is extruded through the rubber outlet head, and meanwhile, the stirring blade structure on the push rod head can rotate along with the push rod head to stir and mix the powder in the rubber material with the rubber material, so that the condition that the powder in the rubber material settles is avoided, the loss of the optical efficiency of the LED plate can be avoided, and meanwhile, the yield and the consistency of the LED plate finished product are improved.

The utility model discloses an optical system and a projection device, and relates to the technical field of optics, and the optical system is provided with a first light-emitting assembly, a spectroscope, a collimating lens group, a fluorescent wheel and a second light-emitting assembly which are sequentially arranged along a first direction, and the second light-emitting assembly is located at one side of the spectroscope along a second direction; the spectroscope is obliquely arranged, and a reflecting part is arranged on the side face, facing the fluorescent wheel, of the spectroscope; the fluorescent wheel comprises an aluminum substrate, the aluminum substrate is configured to rotate around a rotating shaft, the rotating axis of the aluminum substrate is parallel to the first direction, a groove is formed in the side, facing the collimating lens, of the aluminum substrate, and the inner wall face of the groove is coated with fluorescent powder; according to the optical system, the first light-emitting assembly, the spectroscope, the collimating lens group, the fluorescent wheel and the second light-emitting assembly are reasonably distributed, and the groove is formed in the aluminum substrate, so that the optical system is good in light source uniformity and high in optical efficiency.

An optical system is provided. The optical system includes a light emitting diode that generates light emissions. The optical system includes a collimator that receives the light emissions and that generates a collimated beam. The optical system includes an etendue re-shaper that splits the collimated beam into beam parts and that arranges the beam parts adjacent to each other to generate an adjacent beam part arrangement. The optical system includes micro-lens arrays that receive the adjacent beam part arrangement and that generate beams. Each of the beams includes an optimum optical efficiency or a far field intensity distribution.

The invention relates to the field of optical display and material engineering, in particular to an optical film with a 3D light splitting function and a manufacturing method of the optical film. An optical film with a 3D light splitting function comprises a transparent optical base material and a microstructure layer integrally formed with the surface of the transparent optical base material, the microstructure layer comprises a cylindrical lens grating layer and a parallax barrier layer, and the cylindrical lens grating layer is integrally formed on the surface of the transparent optical base material. The cylindrical lens grating layer is of a micro-nano structure formed by a nano-scale grating and a micron-scale cylindrical micro-lens array; the parallax barrier layer is located on the side, away from the transparent optical base material, of the cylindrical lens grating layer. The optical film has excellent optical efficiency, wider visual angle, excellent brightness uniformity and excellent moire inhibition capability, has 2D / 3D switching, peep-proof and other functions, can adapt to light requirements of different scenes, can serve as a core display optical element to be directly integrated in various display devices, and has wide application prospects. And the application limitation of an externally-pasted protective film is broken.

The embodiment of the invention discloses a signal lamp and a light control system. The signal lamp comprises a bowl-shaped reflecting cover, the bowl-shaped reflecting cover comprises n reflecting areas, and the focal positions of the reflecting areas are not overlapped; the n light sources are arranged at the focal positions of the light reflecting areas in a one-to-one correspondence manner; wherein n is an integer greater than or equal to 2. According to the embodiment of the invention, the bowl-shaped reflecting cover is divided into a plurality of reflecting areas with non-overlapped focuses, and the corresponding light sources are arranged at the focus positions of the reflecting areas in a matched manner, so that the problems of low optical efficiency and poor lighting uniformity caused by out-of-focus arrangement of the light sources of the existing multifunctional signal lamp are solved.

The invention provides a PPG module, a PPG signal measuring method and electronic equipment, and relates to the technical field of electronics. The PPG module in the application comprises a central device which is a light emitter or a light receiver; the three reference devices are arranged on the periphery of the central device and located in different directions, and the type of the reference devices is the same as that of the central device; and the reference devices are arranged in each reference area, the reference area is the position where an included angle space formed by two adjacent reference devices in the three reference devices and the central device is located, and at least one reference device matched with the central device is arranged in the reference area. By adopting the PPG module provided by the invention, the number of optical measurement channels of each light emitter in the PPG module can be increased, the optical efficiency of the light emitters is improved, and the accuracy of human body parameter measurement of the PPG module is improved.

The present application relates to a kind of methods for eliminating the speckle of computer holography using phase probability control optimization algorithm, the key parameters of computer holographic image, the key parameters of computer holographic image include root mean square error of computer holographic image, standard deviation and optical efficiency, update cost function;Update mask phase, based on mask phase, use Rayleigh-Sommerfeld diffraction integral to calculate the diffraction from input surface to target surface, determine whether the holographic image of output surface contains speckle;If it contains speckle, the next iteration is carried out, and finally the holographic image without speckle is obtained.The present application can effectively eliminate the inherent speckle existing in computer holographic imaging, design and process the phase device for eliminating speckle using the proposed holographic optimization algorithm, and use it for holographic lithography, expand the practical application scenarios of computer holography technology.

This application provides an optical waveguide and a near-eye display device. The optical waveguide includes a waveguide substrate, a coupling region, a coupling out region, and a range extender layer. The waveguide substrate includes a first surface and a second surface facing each other. The coupling region is formed on the first surface of the waveguide substrate for coupling incident light into the waveguide substrate. The coupling out region is formed on either the first or second surface of the waveguide substrate and couples out light propagating in the waveguide substrate. The range extender layer is disposed on the second surface of the waveguide substrate. The refractive index of the range extender layer is greater than that of air and less than that of the waveguide substrate. The range extender layer is used to reflect light incident from the waveguide substrate into the range extender layer, and the incident point of the reflected light on the first surface is located outside the coupling region. This application can prevent light coupled into the optical waveguide from re-entering the coupling region, thereby improving the optical efficiency of the optical waveguide and reducing the manufacturing cost and weight of the optical waveguide.

The present application provides a metasurface, a design method, a design device, and an electronic device thereof, wherein the metasurface includes a substrate, a plurality of negative nanostructures disposed at different locations on one side surface of the substrate, and the depth of the plurality of negative nanostructures is less than the thickness of the substrate. The metasurface is provided with an antireflection film, which covers the area of ​​the one side surface of the substrate where the negative nanostructures are not disposed. The metasurface provided with an antireflection film can achieve the original metasurface function while improving the transmittance of electromagnetic waves within the working band, thereby improving the optical efficiency of the optical system using the metasurface.

The invention provides an arylamine compound and an organic electroluminescent device thereof, and particularly relates to the technical field of organic photoelectric materials. The compound disclosed by the invention has good hole transport capability, and can improve the transport efficiency of holes in a device when being applied to a hole transport layer in the device, so that maximum recombination of current carriers is realized; and meanwhile, the energy barrier of the hole in the injection process is reduced, and the hole injection efficiency is improved, so that the luminous efficiency and the service life of the device are improved. The compound provided by the invention has good film-forming property and thermal stability, can improve optical efficiency and reduce loss of light reflected by a nearby electrode during luminescence when being used in a covering layer, and improves the performance of a device. The preparation method of the compound is simple, raw materials are easy to obtain, and the compound can be widely applied to the fields of organic thin film transistors, panel display and the like and has good application effects and industrialization prospects.

The present application relates to a signal lamp. Disclosed is a light guide plate, comprising a light guide plate main body. Two side surfaces, i.e. front and rear side surfaces, of the light guide plate main body in the thickness direction are respectively a first side surface and a second side surface; one of the first side surface and the second side surface is provided with a light-incoming part, and the other one thereof is partially recessed inwards to form a recessed part, the recessed part and the light-incoming part being arranged corresponding to each other, and a wall surface of the recessed part being configured as a first reflective surface; one of the first side surface and the second side surface is provided with a first light-emitting surface and a second light-emitting surface, and the other one thereof is provided with a second reflective surface and a third reflective surface, the second light-emitting surface being arranged on the outer side of the first light-emitting surface; light entering from the light-incoming part is partially reflected by the second reflective surface and then emitted from the first light-emitting surface to form a first pattern, and is partially reflected by the third reflective surface and then emitted from the second light-emitting surface to form a second pattern. In addition, the present application further provides a signal lamp and a vehicle. The light guide plate can evenly distribute light to improve optical efficiency, and has low costs.

The utility model provides a projection lens. The projection lens comprises a first lens, a second lens, a beam splitter prism, a plane lens, a reflection lens, a third lens and a modulation chip which are sequentially arranged from an object side to an image side, wherein the beam splitter prism is used for receiving and guiding light source light and image light; the first lens and the second lens are arranged on the first side surface of the beam splitter prism and are used for receiving and projecting image light emitted from the beam splitter prism; the plane lens and the reflecting lens are arranged on the second side surface of the beam splitter prism; the third lens and the modulation chip are arranged on the third side face of the beam splitter prism, and the modulation chip is used for receiving the light source light, modulating the light source light into image light and then emitting the image light to the reflection lens. The projection lens meets the condition that FOV / FNO is larger than 15.7, FOV is the maximum field angle of the projection lens, and FNO is the relative aperture F number of the projection lens. The projection lens provided by the utility model is beneficial to meeting the field angle requirement and the optical efficiency. The utility model further provides a near-to-eye display device.

The present invention relates to the field of laser scanning technology, and discloses a laser scanning system, comprising: a light source for outputting laser light; a DOE free-form surface lens disposed on the outgoing light path of the laser for shaping the laser light; a polygonal mirror for reflecting the shaped laser light at different angles; an F-lens group for converging the laser light reflected at different angles; wherein the F-lens group includes a first lens and a second lens, the first lens is used for correcting the reflected laser light, and the second lens is used for converging the corrected laser light. By designing a DOE free-form surface lens to shape the laser light and combining it with a mirror and an F-lens group, the present invention achieves high-precision and uniform scanning of the scanned image, reduces optical distortion and improves optical efficiency.

The present application relates to the technical field of vehicle lamps. Disclosed are a low-beam widening focal line lens, a related lens module and a lighting module. The low-beam widening focal line lens comprises a first curved surface, a first total reflection surface and a second total reflection surface that are integrally formed. A beam of parallel light is incident on the first curved surface, converged by the first curved surface, then reflected by the first total reflection surface and the second total reflection surface, and converged to a focal line. By means of the integrally formed focal line lens structure, vertical focusing is achieved, such that horizontal and vertical focusing are separated, and the vertical focal length is greater than the horizontal focal length, thereby helping to achieve a low-beam widened light pattern that is wide in the horizontal direction and narrow in the vertical direction; the integrally formed focal line lens is a single-layer lens, which effectively reduces Fresnel loss; total reflection can be used to fold an optical path and shorten the size, which reduces the volume and weight of the lens while improving the optical efficiency, thereby facilitating energy saving and cost saving; with less refraction, the projected light pattern exhibits low chromatic dispersion and good color uniformity; and the lens has good consistency in static appearance, thereby helping to meet different styling requirements.

The application provides a low-beam lens module and a low-beam lighting module. The low-beam lens module comprises a first optical unit, the first optical unit is an integrally formed structure, the first optical unit comprises a first curved surface, a first total reflection surface, a second total reflection surface and a first light entrance surface; the first curved surface is located on one side of the first total reflection surface along a first direction, the second total reflection surface is oppositely arranged with the first total reflection surface along a second direction, the first light entrance surface is located on one side of the second total reflection surface close to the first curved surface along the first direction, and the first direction is perpendicular to the second direction; wherein a parallel light is incident by the first curved surface, is converged after the first curved surface, is reflected by the first total reflection surface, and is gathered at a first focal point, and the first focal point is located on the second total reflection surface. The light emitted by the light source does not pass through different media, thereby, Fresnel loss can be effectively reduced, and the optical efficiency of the low-beam lighting module can be improved.

Disclosed in the present invention are a wall switch controller and a lighting system. The wall switch controller comprises a key panel and a control mainboard, wherein the key panel comprises a key body and a plurality of light channels disposed on the end face of the key body close to the key panel; the control mainboard is provided with various lamp bead assemblies that emit different colors of light, and each lamp bead assembly is housed in the corresponding light channel; and the key body comprises a transparent plastic substrate layer, and diffuser particles are homogeneously distributed in the transparent plastic substrate layer. The wall switch controller can achieve a more uniform and consistent light effect by means of the action of a diffuser in the transparent plastic substrate layer; and by using a transparent plastic substrate in which the diffuser particles are incorporated, the key panel in the present invention improves the diffusion effect of light and also provides, by means of the mixing capability of different colors of light, a more flexible color light configuration and a higher optical efficiency for a user, such that end-users can have a richer visual experience during use.

The utility model provides a beauty instrument, and belongs to the technical field of beauty instruments. The beauty instrument comprises a light-emitting assembly, a light guide assembly and a light reflecting assembly. The light-emitting component comprises a halogen lamp tube; the light guide assembly comprises a light-transmitting crystal and a light filter, and light emitted by the light emitting assembly can sequentially penetrate through the light filter and the light-transmitting crystal. The light reflecting assembly is arranged outside the light emitting assembly and can reflect light rays emitted by the light emitting assembly, so that the light rays penetrate through the light guide assembly; the light reflecting assembly comprises a first light reflecting cover and a second light reflecting cover, a light outlet is formed in the first light reflecting cover, and the second light reflecting cover is arranged between the light outlet and the light guiding assembly. The beauty instrument can effectively isolate the light emitted by the light-emitting assembly, and most of the light is reflected to the light-transmitting crystal under the guidance of the light-reflecting assembly, so that the contact between other structures and the light is reduced, the optical efficiency can reach 95%, the energy density of the light output by the light-transmitting crystal is improved, and the skin problem of a user is efficiently solved.

Embodiments of the present application disclose a light guide module, a display module, a display and an electronic device, which are used for reducing the volume of the light guide module and the display module and improving optical efficiency. Embodiments of the present application also provide a light guide module, comprising a light guide plate and a reflection unit; the reflection unit is connected to the light guide plate, and the reflection unit has at least two inclined reflection surfaces; a first light beam in at least one light beam enters the light guide plate, and the first light beam is incident on the reflection unit through the light guide plate; and the reflection unit is used for reflecting the first light beam incident on the reflection unit to obtain a reflected first light beam.

Provided in the present application are an optical waveguide and a near-eye display device. The optical waveguide comprises a waveguide substrate, an in-coupling region, an out-coupling region and a path extension layer, wherein the waveguide substrate comprises a first surface and a second surface that are opposite to each other; the in-coupling region is formed on the first surface of the waveguide substrate and is used for coupling incident rays into the waveguide substrate; the out-coupling region is formed on the first surface or the second surface of the waveguide substrate, and couples out rays that propagate in the waveguide substrate; and the path extension layer is arranged on the second surface of the waveguide substrate, the refractive index of the path extension layer is greater than the refractive index of air and is less than the refractive index of the waveguide substrate, the path extension layer is configured to reflect rays that are incident into the path extension layer from the waveguide substrate, and incident points of the reflected rays on the first surface are located outside the in-coupling region. By means of the present application, rays that are coupled into an optical waveguide can be prevented from being incident into an in-coupling region again, such that the optical efficiency of the optical waveguide is improved, and the manufacturing costs and weight of the optical waveguide are reduced.