110 results about "Acid anion" patented technology

Nitrates are reduced to nitrogen gas by contacting the nitrates with a metal to reduce the nitrates to nitrites which are then contacted with an amide to produce nitrogen and carbon dioxide or acid anions which can be released to the atmosphere. Minor amounts of metal catalysts can be useful in the reduction of the nitrates to nitrites. Metal salts which are formed can be treated electrochemically to recover the metals.

The invention discloses the application of ionic liquid which is used as a solvent for separating benzene and cyclohexane by extractive distillation, and relates to the application that the ionic liquid is used as the solvent during the process of separating the benzene and the cyclohexane by extractive distillation. Cationic in the ionic liquid is imidazole cationic, anion in the ionic liquid isfluorophoshoric acid anion or halide anion, and ionic liquid solvent is one ionic liquid or two or more than two compounded ionic liquid; the water content of the ionic liquid is 0 percent to 20 percent, and the addition amount ranges in the molar concentration from 5 percent to 90 percent; light-component cyclohexane with low boiling point is obtained at the top of a rectification column and themixture of the ionic liquid and the benzene is obtained in a column reactor during the separating process; the mixture passes through an evaporator or is performed through steam stripping separation.The extractive distillation technology of the ionic liquid solvent increases the separation precision, and obviously simplifies process flow agents, reduces equipment investment and lowers the separation energy consumption at the same time, thereby getting very remarkable economic benefits.

A process for recovering a desired organic acid from a solution includes the steps of: providing an aqueous solution including at least one desired organic acid or its acid anion; adjusting the proton concentration in the aqueous solution to a desired level, with the desired proton concentration being selected, at least in part, by the amount of available protons needed to associate with the acid anions of the desired organic acid(s) to be recovered and / or acid anions that are weaker than the desired organic acids; and recovering at least a portion of the at least one desired organic acid from the aqueous phase. The desired proton concentration can be based on the amount of available protons being greater than, less than or substantially equal, to the amount of protons needed to associate with the anion of the desired organic acid(s) and acid anions that are weaker than the desired organic acid(s).Specific examples of suitable organic acids include, but are not limited to, ascorbic, succinic, tartaric, glyconic, gulonic, citric, lactic, hialic, maleic, acetic, formic, gluconic pyruvic, propionic, butyric, itaconic acids and mixtures thereof. One embodiment of the present invention relates to the recovery of 2-keto-L-gulonic acid (KLG) from aqueous solutions such as fermentation baths.

Provided is a actinic ray-sensitive or radiation-sensitive resin composition including (P) a resin containing (A) a repeating unit having an ionic structure moiety that contains a cation represented by formula (Ia) and is capable of producing an acid anion on the side chain upon irradiation with an actinic ray or radiation:wherein each of R1a to R13a independently represents a hydrogen atom or a monovalent substituent and may combine together to form a ring, and Z represents a single bond or a divalent linking group.

The invention discloses an ion exchange desalting method and an ion exchange desalting device. The method comprises the following steps of: 1) absorbing highly-acid anions in water by adopting weakly-alkaline anion exchange resin; 2) performing precipitation or filtration on the water; and 3) absorbing cations in the water by adopting cation exchange resin. The method and the device have the advantages that: OH<-> ions released by the weakly-alkaline anion exchange resin are bonded with bicarbonate ions HCO3<-> in the water to form carbonate CO3<2->, and the carbonate CO3<2-> forms insoluble electrolyte with calcium and magnesium ions in the water to partially remove dissolved electrolyte from the water and reduce the using amount of acids in a regeneration process; simultaneously, the weakly-alkaline anion exchange resin does not absorb silicate, so the use of excessive alkaline is avoided in the regeneration process and the using amount of the alkaline is reduced in the regeneration process; and a carbon-removal process can be selectively adopted, so a process flow is simplified.

A hair treatment composition which comprises an aqueous solution or an aqueous dispersion of at least one quatenary ammonium salt (A) represented by the general formula (I), (2) or (3):whereinRa represents an organic group containing 6 to 32 carbon atoms,Rb and Rc are the same or different and each represents an organic group containing 1 to 32 carbon atoms,Rd represents an organic group containing 1 to 4 carbon atoms, andQ- represents an amoni acid anion; whereinX1 represents an ester group;R5 represents an alkyl, alkenyl or hydroxyalkyl group and R6 represents an alkylene, alkenylene or hydroxyalkylene group, the sum of carbon atoms contained in R5 and R6 being 6 to 32,R7 and R8 are the same or different and each represents a group of the formula R5-X1-R6-, an alkyl group containing 1 to 4 carbon atoms or a hydroxyalkyl group containing 2 to 4 carbon atoms,R9 represents an alkyl group containing 1 to 4 carbon atoms or a hydroxyalkyl group containing 2 to 4 carbon atoms, andQ- represents an amino acid anion; whereinX2 represents an amide group,R13 represents an alkyl, alkenyl or hydroxyalkyl group and R14 represents an alkylene, alkenylene or hydroxyalkylene group, the sum of carbon atoms contained in R13 and R14 being 6 to 32,R10 and R11 are the same or different and each represents a group of the formula R13-X2-R14-, a group of the formula R5~X1-R6-, an alkyl group containing 1 to 4 carbon atoms or a hydroxyalkyl group containing 2 to 4 carbon atoms,X1 represents an ester group, R5 represents an alkyl, alkenyl or hydroxyalkyl group and R6 represents an alkylene, alkenylene or hydroxyalkylene group, the sum of carbon atoms contained in R5 and R6 being 6 to 32,R12 represents an alkyl group containing 1 to 4 carbon atoms or a hydroxyalkyl group containing 2 to 4 carbon atoms, andQ- represents an amino acid anion is provided.

Non-aqueous electrolytic solutions suitable for anodizing valve metal derivative anodes, methods of anodizing using non-aqueous electrolytic solutions, and capacitors prepared with non-aqueous electrolytic solutions. The non-aqueous electrolytic solution comprises glycerine and at least one soluble salt formed by the neutralization of at least one non-halogen-containing organic or inorganic acid anion with at least one alkali metal, ammonium, or protonated amine cation; wherein the acid anion is derived from an acid having a pKa lower than phosphoric acid.

There is provided a resist underlayer film forming composition for lithography for forming a resist underlayer film capable of being used as a hardmask. A resist underlayer film forming composition for lithography comprising a silane compound containing an anion group, wherein the silane compound containing an anion group is a hydrolyzable organosilane in which an organic group containing an anion group is bonded to a silicon atom and the anion group forms a salt structure, a hydrolysis product thereof, or a hydrolysis-condensation product thereof. The anion group may be a carboxylic acid anion, a phenolate anion, a sulfonic acid anion, or a phosphonic acid anion. The hydrolyzable organosilane may be a compound of Formula (1): R1aR2bSi(R3)4−(a+b) (1). A composition comprising a mixture of a hydrolyzable organosilane of Formula (1), and at least one organic silicon compound selected from the group consisting of a compound of Formula (2): R4aSi(R5)4−a (2) and a compound of Formula (3): [R6cSi(R7)3−c]2Yb (3); a hydrolysis product of the mixture; or a hydrolysis-condensation product of the mixture.

Provided are a radiation-sensitive composition including a compound (P) having a partial structure (A) having an ionic structural site and capable of decomposing upon irradiation with an actinic ray or radiation to generate an acid and a partial structure (B) having at least one phenolic hydroxyl group, a part or all of hydrogen atoms of the hydroxyl group or groups each being protected by a group capable of leaving by the action of an acid, wherein the ionic structural site of the partial structure (A) contained in the compound (P) is a structure capable of generating an acid anion in the compound (P) upon irradiation with an actinic ray or radiation; a pattern-forming method using the same; and a resin which is used in the composition.

The present invention relates to a process for preparing a spray-dried powder comprising (i) anionic detersive surfactant; (ii) from 0 wt % to 10 wt % zeolite builder; (iii) from 0 wt % to 10 wt % phosphate builder; and (iv) optionally from 0 wt % to 15 wt % silicate salt; wherein the process comprises the steps of: (a) forming an alkaline slurry in a mixer, the slurry comprising: (v) from 0 wt % to 15 wt % anionic detersive surfactant; (vi) from 0 wt % to 35 wt % water; and (b) transferring the alkaline slurry from the mixer through at least one pump to a spray pressure nozzle; (c) contacting an acid anionic detersive surfactant precursor to the alkaline slurry after the mixer and before the spray pressure nozzle to form a mixture; (d) spraying the mixture through the spray pressure nozzle into a spray-drying tower; (e) spray-drying the mixture to form a spray-dried powder; and (f) optionally, contacting an alkalinity source with the alkaline slurry and / or the acid anionic detersive surfactant precursor, and / or the mixture.

The invention relates to novel aqueous compositions containing (1) organosilicon compounds comprising ammonium groups, containing at least one grouping consisting of two protonated nitrogen atoms per molecule, said atoms being linked by at least three carbon atoms, (2) acid anions, the corresponding acids thereof having a pka value higher than 0, (3) water, (4) optionally a solvent which can be mixed with water, and (5) optionally emulsifying agents. Said aqueous compositions are preferably homogeneous aqueous solutions.

The invention relates to a method for using hydroxyl ion liquid to reduce and prepare metal nanometer particles. Wherein, it comprises that: (1), using the cation of hydroxyl group, as N-hydroxyalkyl pyridine ion, N- hydroxyalkyl-N-imidazolidinyl ion, etc, and one acid anion to prepare the ion liquid; (2), using ultrasonic wave to disperse or dissolve metal oxide, metal hydroxide or metal salt into ion liquid; (3), heating the liquid in oil bath; (40, separating the product, washing and vacuum drying. In said invention, the ion liquid can be used as solvent as well as reducer, to avoid inactive foreigner when using catalyst. And the ion liquid is non volatile with better thermal stability. The invention can avoid pollution.

The invention discloses an electrolyte for a lithium battery. The electrolyte contains a pyridine ionic liquid, and the pyridine ionic liquid contains cations and anions; the cations are N-alkylpyridine; and the anions are one kind of the anions of a group consisting of halite ions, tetrafluoroboric acid anions, hexafluorophosphoric acid anions, bis(trifluoromethanesulphonyl)imine anions, lactic acid anions, p-methyl benzene sulfonate acid radical anions, acetyl sulfonyl imide anions, saccharin anions, amino acids anions, sulfuric acid ester anions, succinic acid diisooctyl ester sulfonate radical anions, 4,5-dimetridazloe anions, and 5-nitrotetrazolato anions. The electrolyte can change the reaction mechanism of the battery, improve the reduction rate of a cathode active material and the mass transfer rate of the electrolyte, and increase the electrical conductivity of the electrolyte, so the discharge voltage of the lithium battery is improved. Furthermore, the invention further discloses a preparation method for the electrolyte and the lithium battery containing the electrolyte.

The description relates to a process for the production of aqueous chlorine dioxide solutions through oxidation of chlorite with oxo acids and / or oxo acid anions having a suitable redox potential in a buffered aqueous medium, wherein an acidic aqueous solution A is produced which has a pH of about 5 or less and contains the oxo acids and / or oxo acid anions, and the acidic aqueous solution A is mixed with an aqueous chlorite solution B to form chlorine dioxide, wherein a pH of less than 6.95 is adjusted in the reaction mixture, this pH value being stabilized by a buffering system contained therein.

The invention discloses an electrolyte for a lithium battery. The electrolyte contains a pyridine ionic liquid, and the pyridine ionic liquid contains cations and anions; the cations are N-alkylpyridine; the anions are one kind of the anions of a group consisting of aluminum tetrachloride acid radical ions, gallium tetrachloride acid radical ions, tetrafluoroboric acid anions, hexafluorophosphoric acid anions, bis(trifluoromethanesulphonyl)imine anions, lactic acid anions, p-methyl benzene sulfonate acid radical anions, acetyl sulfonyl imide anions, saccharin anions, amino acids anions, sulfuric acid ester anions, succinic acid diisooctyl ester sulfonate radical anions, 4,5-dimetridazloe anions, and 5-nitrotetrazolato anions. The electrolyte can inhabit increasement of a metal lithium surface passivatin layer (an SEI film) in the lithium battery, and can significantly improve storage performance of the battery. Furthermore, the invention further discloses a preparation method for the electrolyte and the lithium battery containing the electrolyte.

A method of removing or reducing a component of a foodstuff is disclosed. One method utilizes an ion exchange resin configured with a strongly basic counter-ion such as a quaternary amine. The strongly basic anion may be exchanged with a second anionic group such as hydroxyl, or a weak acid anion such as bicarbonate, carbonate, acetate, phosphoric and carboxylate to create an ion exchange resin comprising substantially a second group functionality. Sulfite containing beverages such as wines, beers, whiskeys or non-alcoholic beverages may be contacted with the ion exchange resin having the second group functionality to entrain a substantial quantity of the sulfites in the ion exchange resin and reduce the sulfite level of the beverage.

An allantoin-containing skin cream composition can comprise allantoin and at least one anionic or nonionic emulsifier that is substantially hydrophilic and is soluble in water. The composition is in the form of an oil-in-water emulsion. The pH of the composition is in a range of from about 3.0 to about 6.0; preferably, the pH of the composition is from about 5.0 to about 6.0. The composition can further comprise an acidic anionic polymer. A preferred acidic anionic polymer is a carboxypolymethylene polymer. The composition can further comprise a carbohydrate polymer such as galactoarabinan, polygalactose or polyarabinose. The composition can additionally comprise other ingredients such as herbal extracts, an antioxidant component, an emollient component, a chelator, a solvent component, or a preservative component. The composition is useful as a skin protectant.

An organic-inorganic hydrophilic polymer-oxide hybrid proton conducting membrane (PCM) is produced from a host organic polymer, a filler inorganic oxide, and a proton-source with a pKa less than about 5. Usually, the subject invention comprises PCMs containing host polymer-x-strong acid-y-filler oxide, wherein x is between about 1 and about 10 (with “x” as the molar ratio of acid anion to polymer repeat unit) and y≦ about 50% (with “y” the weight percentage of filler oxide in the composite).

An improved method of treating skin diseases comprises applying to the skin of a patient suffering such a skin disease an allantoin-containing composition in a therapeutically effective quantity. The allantoin-containing composition is an oil-in-water emulsion that includes allantoin and an emulsifier system that includes at least one emulsifier that is either an anionic emulsifier or a nonionic emulsifier. If the emulsifier is an anionic emulsifier, the emulsifier system can include an acidic wax such as beeswax. The nonionic emulsifiers used can include at least one nonionic emulsifier that is an ethoxylated ether or an ethoxylated ester whose carbon chain length ranges from 8 to 22 carbon atoms. Alternatively, the emulsifier system can include an acidic anionic polymer such as carboxypolymethylene and an anionic emulsifier. In another alternative, the emulsifier system can include the acidic anionic polymer and a nonionic emulsifier, or the acidic anionic polymer alone. In still another alternative, the emulsifier system can include cetyl alcohol and stearic acid. In yet another alternative, the emulsifier system can include sodium stearoyl lactylate and sodium isostearoyl lactylate. In another alternative, the emulsifier system can include at least one polyethyleneglycol ether of cetearyl alcohol. In still another alternative, the emulsifier system can include a polyethylene glycol ester of stearic acid and glyceryl stearate. The composition can include other ingredients. The pH of the composition used in a method according to the present invention is from about 3.0 to about 6.0; preferably, a narrower pH range is used, varying with each embodiment of the composition. Among the diseases that can be treated is epidermolysis bullosa.

The invention discloses a method for preparation of ultrapure water with bipolar-film electrodeionzation and the device. The device contains an anode chamber with anode, a cathode chamber with catelectrode, and several three-chamber units sequentially from anode to catelectrode comprising of a condensation chamber filled with anion exchanger, the second desalination chamber and the first desalination chamber with cation exchanger; between the chambers are sequentially equipped with cation exchange film, bipolar film, and anion exchange film. The method contains: energizing the catelectrode and anode with direct current, the electrode water flowing sequentially from the anode chamber to the cathode chamber; raw water flowing sequentially through the first desalination chamber and the second desalination chamber, electrodeionzation to produce ultrapure water; and the liquid inlet to condensation chamber being water solution of low conductivity, the solution between condensation chamber to second desalination chamber reflowing. The merit of the invention is characterized in that, compared with the prior art that ultrapure water is prepared by electrodeionzation in mixed bed, weakly-acidic anion impurity silicon, boron, CO2 and so on in water can be removed effectively, and the area of ion exchange film can be distinctively decreased and thus the investment is saved.

An improved method of treating skin diseases comprises applying to the skin of a patient suffering such a skin disease an allantoin-containing composition in a therapeutically effective quantity. The allantoin-containing composition is an oil-in-water emulsion that includes allantoin and an emulsifier system that includes at least one emulsifier that is either an anionic emulsifier or a nonionic emulsifier. If the emulsifier is an anionic emulsifier, the emulsifier system can include an acidic wax such as beeswax. The nonionic emulsifiers used can include at least one nonionic emulsifier that is an ethoxylated ether or an ethoxylated ester whose carbon chain length ranges from 8 to 22 carbon atoms. Alternatively, the emulsifier system can include an acidic anionic polymer such as carboxypolymethylene and an anionic emulsifier. In another alternative, the emulsifier system can include the acidic anionic polymer and a nonionic emulsifier, or the acidic anionic polymer alone. In still another alternative, the emulsifier system can include cetyl alcohol and stearic acid. In yet another alternative, the emulsifier system can include sodium stearoyl lactylate and sodium isostearoyl lactylate. In another alternative, the emulsifier system can include at least one polyethyleneglycol ether of cetearyl alcohol. In still another alternative, the emulsifier system can include a polyethylene glycol ester of stearic acid and glyceryl stearate. The composition can include other ingredients. The pH of the composition used in a method according to the present invention is from about 3.0 to about 6.0; preferably, a narrower pH range is used, varying with each embodiment of the composition. Among the diseases that can be treated is epidermolysis bullosa.

An allantoin-containing skin cream composition can comprise allantoin and at least one anionic or nonionic emulsifier that is substantially hydrophilic and is soluble in water. The pH of the composition is in a range of from about 3.0 to about 6.0; preferably, the pH of the composition is from about 5.0 to about 6.0. The composition can further comprise an acidic anionic polymer. A preferred acidic anionic polymer is a carboxypolymethylene polymer. The composition can further comprise a carbohydrate polymer such as galactoarabinan, polygalactose or polyarabinose. The composition can additionally comprise other ingredients such as herbal extracts, an antioxidant component, an emollient component, a chelator, a solvent component, or a preservative component. The composition is useful as a skin protectant.

The invention discloses a silicon oil preparation method. The method comprises the following steps: adding reaction raw materials comprising octamethylcyclotetrasiloxane, hexamethyldisiloxane and polymethylhydrosiloxane, or octamethylcyclotetrasiloxane and tetramethyldisiloxane, or octamethylcyclotetrasiloxane and heptamethyltrisiloxane to a mixing kettle, uniformly mixing, carrying out preheating treatment, metering through a catalysis bed filled with an acidic anion resin catalyst, and reacting to obtain silicon oil. A fluidized bed is utilized to substitute a production technology grating an organosilicon copolymer intermediate through a general catalyst continuous process. The monomer residual quantity is reduced to below 5%, a too wide problem of the polymer molecule weight is solved, and the polymer molecule weight distribution index is less than 1.1. The reaction time is shortened, and the generation of side reactions is effectively avoided. The method has the characteristics of product quality improvement, simple operation, low energy consumption and the like.

A method of producing a scale-control resin including combining in an aqueous solution a cation-exchange resin and a weak-acid anion mineral or salt having a multivalent cation to allow ion exchange between the resin and the multivalent cation. The cation-exchange resin may be a weak-acid ion exchange resin. The method may further include adding a strong-acid salt having the same multivalent cation as the weak-acid anion mineral or salt to the aqueous solution.

This invention relates to decoloring and refining method of sugarcane sugar solutioní»s ion-exchange method. Pretreating the sugarcane melada and removing large-molecular weight organic to get the sugarcane liquor solution. The liquor is entered big-aperture type alkali anion-exchange resin; the pigment and ash content of the sugarcane liquor undertakes exchanging absorption by alkali anion-exchange resin. Then remove the pigment and ash content by adsorption which uses regeneration agent sodium hydroxide. The sugarcane syrup which has removed pigment and ash content enter big-aperture type weak acid anion-exchange resin. The big-aperture type weak acid anion-exchange resin can absorb magnesium and calcium in the sugarcane syrup. Then absorb it to remove magnesium and calcium by regeneration agent hydrochloric acid.

Methods disclosed herein provide apparatus and methods for applying an electric field and / or a magnetic field to a photoresist layer without air gap intervention during photolithography processes. In one embodiment, an apparatus includes a processing chamber configured to apply an electric field to a substrate via a non-gas phase intermediate medium. Methods described herein include dissociation of a photoacid generator to generate anions and cations. The anions may be moved within the photoresist layer by the electric field to more precisely control the speed and location of acid generation and regeneration processes.

There is provided a method of making a semiconductor device utilizing a resist underlayer film forming composition comprising a silane compound containing an anion group, wherein the silane compound containing an anion group is a hydrolyzable organosilane in which an organic group containing an anion group is bonded to a silicon atom and the anion group forms a salt structure, a hydrolysis product thereof, or a hydrolysis-condensation product thereof. The anion group may be a carboxylic acid anion, a phenolate anion, a sulfonic acid anion, or a phosphonic acid anion. The hydrolyzable organosilane may be a compound of Formula (1): R1aR2bSi(R3)4−(a+b)(1).

The invention relates to a pyrrolidine ionic liquid and a preparation method thereof. The preparation method comprises: 1, preparing alkyl pyrrolidine halide; and 2, preparing the pyrrolidine ionic liquid. The pyrrolidine ionic liquid has a general formula (IV); in the formula (IV), Y<-> is tetrafluoroborate anion, hexafluorophosphate anion, trifluoromethylsulfonylimide anion or trifluoromethylsulfonic acid anion; and R is methoxy alkyl group represented by formula (III) of CH3O(CH2)n, and n is 2, 3 or 4. The invention also relates to an ionic liquid electrolyte prepared by using the pyrrolidine ionic liquid and, and an application of the ionic liquid electrolyte in a capacitor. The pyrrolidine ionic liquid electrolyte has substantially better stability and safety than present commercial electrolytes due to the addition of a large amount of the ionic liquid, and super capacitors using the pyrrolidine ionic liquid electrolyte have excellent electrochemical performances.

The invention discloses a highly connected coordination polymer and a preparation method thereof. The highly connected coordination polymer adopts the following chemical formula: [Zn5(3,3'-tmbpt)(btec)2(OH)2], wherein betc is deprotonated 1,2,4,5-pyromellitic acid; 3,3'-tmbpt is 1-((1H-1,2,4-triazole)methyl)-3,5-bis(3-pyridyl)-1,2,4-triazole. Carboxyl groups of polycarboxylic acid anions can coordinate with metal ions to form metal clusters with larger size; the metal clusters serve as nodes, so that connections of the nodes can be greatly increased. In addition, distances among several coordinating groups of a polydentate nitrogen-containing ligand 3,3'-tmbpt is relatively large, so that steric hindrance is relatively small during coordination, and the metal clusters can further expand easily to form the coordination polymer adopting highly connected structure. The coordination polymer can serve as a broadband semiconductor material and a molecular-based light emitting material to be further developed and applied.

The present invention relates to providing a dental curable composition that, when cured, has high metal ion release ability and highly durable physical properties. The dental curable composition of the present invention includes: a sugar compound having an —XM group, where —X is an acid anion group and M is a metal cation; and a curable component.