301 results about "Heavy water" patented technology

A resilient gasket is disclosed for providing a seal between corrugated pipes having a plurality of concentric ribs on their outer surfaces, such as drain and sewer pipes to be buried in soil. The gasket comprises a base which is received around a first pipe over top of a rib adjacent an end of the first pipe, with an inner surface adapted to mate with a radially outer surface of the rib, and with legs adapted to extend along forward and rearwardly-sloped faces of the rib. The outer surface of the base is provided with sealing elements to engage the inner surface of the bell adjacent the end of a second pipe. The gasket also has a flap extending outwardly and forwardly from the forwardly extending leg. The flap and the forward leg form a V-shaped member. The flap engages the inner surface of the bell when the first pipe is inserted into the second pipe, and the gasket is rotated rearwardly relative to the rib. When the flap engages the inner surface of the bell, it prevents further rearward displacement of the gasket relative to the rib, thus preventing displacement of the gasket from the rib. The gasket also helps prevent gasket blowout during periods of unusually heavy water flow through the pipes.

An immersion liquid for a microlithographic projection exposure apparatus is enriched with heavy isotopes. This reduces the chemical reactivity, which leads to an extension of the lifetime of optical elements which come in contact with the immersion liquid. For example, heavy water (D₂O), deuterated sulfuric acid, (D₂SO₄) or deuterated phosphoric acid D₃P¹⁶O₄ may be used. Organic compounds such as perfluoro polyethers, which have been deuterated or enriched with heavy oxygen (¹⁸O), are furthermore suitable.

A reactor system produces plasma rocket thrust using alpha-initiated atomic fuel pellets without the need for a critical mass of fissionable material. The fuel pellets include an outer layer reactive material to alpha particles to generate neutrons (e.g., porous lead or beryllium), an under-layer of fissionable material (e.g., thorium or enriched uranium), and an optional inner core of fusion material (e.g., heavy water ice, boron hydride). The pellets are injected one at a time into a charged reaction chamber containing a set of alpha beam channels, possibly doubling as ion accelerators, all directed toward a common point. Alpha particles converging on each successive pellet initiate an atomic reaction in the fissionable under-layer, via a neutron cascade from the pellet outer layer, producing plasma that is confined within the chamber. This may be enhanced by atomic fusion of the optional inner core. The resulting high-energy plasma creates electrostatic pressure on the chamber and is allowed to exit the chamber through a port. An ion accelerator at the exhaust port of the chamber accelerates outgoing plasma ions, possibly with added reaction mass, to generate the rocket thrust. An electric circuit that includes the charged chamber may collect the electrons in the plasma to help power the ion accelerator(s).

Trace levels of dissolved toxic species are removed from water flowing horizontally in a conduit equipped with overhead debris-excluding structure by suspending from the overhead structure elongated absorbent structures in the form of porous bags which confine particulate absorption material. The bags are free to swing upwardly in the downstream direction in response to heavy water flows, thereby avoiding blockage of the conduit.

The invention provides a cellulose fiber liquid ammonia dyeing method, which concretely comprises: adopting a cation modification agent and NaOH to treat cellulose fibers, sequentially carrying out hot water washing, cold water washing and acid washing, carrying out water washing to achieve a neutral state, and drying to obtain cationization cellulose fibers; and dissolving a dye capable of being dissolved in liquid ammonia in liquid ammonia, and immersing the prepared cationization cellulose fibers into the liquid ammonia dyeing solution to dye under a certain condition to obtain the dyed subject, wherein the condition comprises that a dye use amount is more than or equal to 10% (o.m.f), a bath ratio is more than or equal to 1:20, and a dyeing time is more than or equal to 20 seconds. With the present invention, problems of high production process energy consumption and heavy water pollution in the existing cellulose fiber dyeing are solved, a dye uptake rate and a color fixation rate of the dye in liquid ammonia dyeing are increased, a dye use amount is saved, advantages of less dyeing process steps, short dyeing time, recycling of dyed dye, environmental pollution reduction, and the like are provided, and waterless dyeing requirements during a fiber dyeing process can be achieved.

A process and method to separate heavy water from regular water by lowering the temperature of the mixture to the melting point of the heavy water.

The invention relates to a water selection method for domestic waste, which includes the following steps: (1) ragging, wherein, massive recoverable materials and other materials are separately sorted out; (2) crushing; (3) natural floatation, wherein, materials after crushing are put into water and left standing, and materials with a specific gravity lighter than that of water float up onto the water surface naturally; (4) air floatation, wherein, air is inflated from a bottom, bubbles attached to material pellets are formed, and secondary light materials which have a lighter specific gravity float up onto the water surface by carrying the bubbles; (5) swirl separation, wherein, the swirl is formed in the water, heavy materials with a larger specific gravity are left at the water bottom, middle materials which are lighter than the heavy materials flow together with the water under the impact of the swirl, and the middle materials and the heavy materials are separately screened and filtered from the water; and (6) flocculating settling, wherein, a flocculant is added in so as to carry out the flocculating settling to the water, sludge in the water is sunk at the water bottom, and upper clean water is recycled. The water selection method of the invention effectively classifies the domestic waste into a plurality of types according to the difference of quality and density, thus providing favorable conditions for recycling domestic waste.

Resonant sensors and methods of detecting specific molecules with enhanced sensitivity. Optical energy is introduced into a microcavity, such as a silica toroid-shaped microcavity. The microcavity sensor has a functionalized outer surface and a sufficiently high Q value to generate an evanescent optical field with increased intensity. A molecule bound to the functionalized outer surface interacts with the external optical field, thereby heating the microcavity and generating a detectable resonant wavelength shift, which indicates a small number of molecules, even a single molecule, without the use of fluorescent or metal labels. Resonant sensors and methods can also be used to detect specific molecules, even a single molecule, within an environment. One application is detecting very small quantities or a single molecule of heavy water in ordinary water.

The invention relates to a high-temperature supercritical nuclear reactor. A spherical solid is used as a coolant of the nuclear reactor, which is different from common nuclear reactors that adopt light water, heavy water, gas and liquid sodium. The spherical solid coolant can be graphite spheres coated with silicon carbide, stainless steel spheres, graphite spheres coated with stainless steel and the like. The spherical solid has the characteristic of good rolling ability, so that the spherical solid can roll to a steam generator under the action of gravity after heating in the reactor, and the purpose of transferring heat from the reactor to the steam generator is achieved. The reactor is applicable to both thermal neutron reactor and fast neutron reactor, and natural uranium, low-enriched uranium, plutonium and thorium can be used as nuclear fuel. The temperature of high-temperature steam/water outputted by the steam generator can reach 900 DEG C, the same parameters to a thermal power station can be reached, the requirement of supercritical even ultra-supercritical can be satisfied, and the high-temperature supercritical nuclear reactor has high safety and reliability.

The recovery process includes the following steps: 1. making the produced waste gas pass through the control valve and filtering in the gas filter; 2. cooling waste gas including toluene in the cooler; 3. pressurizing with the high pressure blower and adsorbing with active carbon in three adsorbing tanks; 4. switching to desorption program through closing the waste gas valve and opening the steam valve for steam to enter the active carbon, with the toluene separated from the active carbon being exhausted together with the steam from the bottom of the adsorbing tanks; 5. condensing the steam with toluene gas to form mixture liquid of toluene and water; 6. separating the mixture liquid of light toluene and heavy water in a separator; and 7. storing toluene in a tank. The process has toluene recovering rate over 86 % and low cost.

A method for producing a compound having a deuterated aromatic ring or heterocyclic ring according to the invention includes heating a compound having an aromatic ring or heterocyclic ring in the presence of heavy water, a transition metal and a metal which generates deuterium. As the metal which generates deuterium, at least one metal selected from the group consisting of aluminum, magnesium, zinc, iron, lead and tin is preferred. As the transition metal, at least one metal selected from the group consisting of platinum, palladium, ruthenium and rhodium is preferred. The heating is preferably carried out by microwave irradiation.

A high Fe-containing zirconium composition having excellent corrosion resistance and a preparation method thereof. Specifically, disclosed are a high Fe-containing zirconium composition having excellent corrosion resistance and a preparation method thereof, the composition comprising: 0.5-1.0 wt % iron; 0.25-0.5 wt % chromium; 0.06-0.18 wt % oxygen; at least one element selected from the group consisting of 0.2-0.5 wt % tin, 0.1-0.3 wt % niobium and 0.05-0.3 wt % copper; and the balance of zirconium. The zirconium alloy has excellent corrosion resistance, and thus can be used as a material for nuclear fuel claddings, spacer grids and nuclear reactor core structures in light water reactor and heavy water reactor nuclear power plants.

An apparatus and a method for detecting a leakage of heavy water in a nuclear reactor system includes: a diode laser that generates a laser beam and injects the generated laser beam to a test sample placed in a light absorption cell; the light absorption cell accommodates a gathered test sample therein; a vacuum pump adjusts a degree of vacuum in the light absorption cell; a test sample introduction unit gathers an air test sample from a location with a high possibility of a leakage of heavy water or a light water test sample from a secondary side of a steam generator and transfers the sample to the light absorption cell; an optical detector detects the laser beam which has passed through the light absorption cell; and a microprocessor controls the operation of the diode laser, the light absorption cell, the vacuum pump, the test sample introduction unit, and the optical detector, receives a detect signal from the optical detector, and analyzes an absorption spectrum signal.

The invention provides a method for controlling non-metallic slag inclusion in a medium and heavy plate of a hydrogen-induced cracking resistance pipe line steel, belonging to a technical field of steel-making. Process route of the method is: converter steelmaking, ladle furnace refining RH vacuum refining, Ca processing, soft blow and killing, and continuous casting. Characteristics of the technology are: controlling contents of carbon and oxygen at a smelting end-point of the converter, adding a strong aluminum deoxidizer in a tapping process; adding high alkalinity refining slag in the ladle furnace refining process, and controlling flow and time of bottom-blowing argon and components of the refining slag; controlling increase of the argon flow and vacuum treatment time in the RH vacuum refining process; controlling [Ca] content in steel in the Ca processing process; controlling the flow and time of the soft blow liquid steel and the killing time; and adopting full protection casting in the continuous casting process. The method provided in the invention has the advantages that: by adopting the technology, requirement of the non-metallic slag inclusion in the hydrogen-induced cracking resistance pipe line steel is satisfied; according to GB/T10561-2005 criterion for the non-metallic slag inclusion in the steel, various non-metallic slag inclusions in the steel are controlled within 0.5 grade; adopting a NACE standard A solution to carry out a detection of anti-HIC performance to the medium and heavy plate rolled by the casting blank, and the detection result of anti-HIC performance is qualified; and realizing batch and stable production of the medium and heavy plate in the hydrogen-induced cracking resistance pipe line steel.

The invention discloses a deuterated compound synthesis method, which comprises: carrying out a mixing reaction on a halogenated compound represented by a formula (I), a sulfide represented by a formula (II), a promoter, an alkali and a deuteration solvent to obtain a reduced deuterated product represented by a formula (III), wherein the reaction equation of the reaction is defined in the specification, R<1>, R<2>, R<3> and R<4> respectively are at least one selected from alkyl, aryl, acyl, hydrogen atom and deuterium atom, and X is at least one selected from iodine, bromine and chlorine. According to the present invention, the deuteration marking of the compound is efficiently achieved by using the common heavy water and the deuterated alcohol as the deuterium source through the simple reduction reaction, such that the use of expensive, toxic, flammable and explosive deuterium source reagents is not required compared with the prior art. The formulas I, II and III are defined in the specification.

A MEMS device is packaged in a process which hydrogen (H) deuterium (D) for reduced stiction. H is exchanged with D by exposing the MEMS device with a deuterium source, such as deuterium gas or heavy water vapor, optionally with the assistance of a direct or downstream plasma.

Provided are a method and apparatus for low energy nuclear reactions in hydrogen-loaded metals. A nickel cathode is disposed inside a pressure vessel loaded with heavy water. The vessel is heated to a temperature at which nickel oxide is reduced in the presence of hydrogen. The cathode is electrified, thereby producing hydrogen at the cathode, which removes any oxide layer on the nickel. The nickel can therefore more easily be loaded with hydrogen. The nickel cathode preferably has embedded particles of neutron-absorbing and/or hydrogen absorbing materials, such as boron-10, lithium-containing compounds, palladium, niobium, vanadium, or other hydrogen storage intermetallic compounds, alloys, or amorphous alloys.

A method of producing radioisotopes using a heavy water type nuclear power plant is provided. The method includes inserting targets (37) into a heavy water moderator of the heavy water reactor througha guide tube (30) in a port (55) in a reactivity mechanism deck (45) of the heavy water reactor. The heavy water reactor operates to irradiate the target to convert the target into a radioisotope. The method then includes removing the radioisotope from the moderator of the heavy water reactor via the reactivity mechanism deck. A heavy water nuclear reactor is also provided.

The present invention relates to azeotopic distillation process for separating butanol and butyl acetate. The technological process is completed with the apparatus including rectification tower (1), rectification tower (5), rectification tower (9), kettle reboiler, condensate cooler and phase splitting tank. The technological process includes feeding the material liquid in the middle part of rectification tower (1) and refluxing partial heavy water phase into the tower; refluxing light phase; obtaining butanol product in the kettle; refluxing partial light phase while recovering partially to the rectification tower (5); refluxing partial light phase while obtaining butyl acetate product in rectification tower (5); and feeding the heavy phase to rectification tower (9) and obtaining pure water in the kettle. The present invention has low power consumption, less side products, high butanol product quality, recovery of butyl acetate and high economic effect.

The invention provides hydrophilic oleophobic sponge as well as a preparation method and application thereof, and belongs to the technical field of preparation of functional materials. The preparationmethod comprises the following steps: mixing a nanoparticle suspension with a modifier solution to obtain a modification solution, wherein the nanoparticle suspension comprises a nano ferroferric oxide suspension with the surface coated with silicon dioxide and/or an ethanol suspension of nano silicon dioxide, and the modifier solution is a chitosan acetic acid aqueous solution and a polyvinyl alcohol aqueous solution; immersing sponge in the modification solution, mixing the sponge with a glutaraldehyde aqueous solution for a cross-linking reaction to obtain the hydrophilic oleophobic sponge. Therefore, the sponge has good oil-water separation performance, and a heavier water layer can be effectively separated from an oil-water mixture of light oil such as lubricating oil, engine oil, pump oil, crude oil, gasoline and sunflower seed oil simply through gravity driving. The prepared hydrophilic oleophobic sponge has a good application prospect in oil-water separation.