An acid ore washing biological leaching process used for high mud alkaline uranium ore comprises the following main steps: after crushing and screening of raw ore, sending + 30 mm particle grade ore into a heap field for heap construction, and performing acid ore washing treatment on-30mm particle grade ore. Sulfuric acid is added into a washing solution, then part of basic gangue is removed by ore washing, the washing solution is separated and precipitated, and an acid solution can be recycled. After processing by the acid ore washing system, + 0.074mm particle grade sand ore is sent to the heap field for heap construction, and-0.074mm particle grade sand ore enter the intensive agitation leaching process. An agitation leaching solution and a heap leaching solution are merged, and enter ion exchange resin adsorption desorption process, and finally a qualified enriched uranium product is obtained. According to the process, in the ore washing process, the part of basic gangue easy to dissolve is removed by neutralization, the problems of poor heap leaching permeability, low uranium leaching rate and the like caused by existence of mud ore and dissolution precipitation of the basic gangue can be solved, the uranium recovery rate is improved, high mud alkaline uranium ore mineral resources can be comprehensively utilized, and greater economic benefits can be obtained.