148 results about "Inertial confinement fusion" patented technology

The invention relates to a method for quickly preparing carbon-silicon dioxide composite aerogel. In the method, resorcinol, formaldehyde and tetraethoxysilane are taken as reactants, and a low-density and high-porosity carbon-silicon dioxide composite aerogel material is prepared by combining a sol-gel method under the catalysis of composite acid in an adjustable proportion with a special drying and carbonizing process. Compared with the conventional method for preparing similar materials under the catalysis of alkali, the preparation method has the advantages that: by a one-pot sol-gel synthesis process, the solation and gelation processes of two precursors, namely carbon and silicon dioxide are performed simultaneously, and the components of the material are more uniformly compounded; and gelation time and ageing time are short, preparation efficiency is high, the preparation process is simple, the method can be operated at room temperature, and the like. The prepared material can be used for the fields of adsorption filtration, catalysis, energy, aerospace, laser inertial confinement fusion target materials and the like.

A process for preparing nano-class or submicron-class carbon aerogel powder includes such steps as uniformly dispersing resorcin-formaldehide solution in insoluble oil phase under ultrasonic action while heating for gel polymerizing reaction, separating, washing, and carbonizing.

A single-pass heavy-ion fusion system includes a new arrangement of current multiplying processes that employs multiple isotopes to achieve the desired effect of distributing the task of amplifying the current among all the various processes, to relieve stress on any one process, and to increase margin of safety for assured ICF (inertial confinement fusion) power production. Energy and power of the ignition-driver pulses are greatly increased, thus increasing intensity of target heating and rendering reliable ignition readily attainable. The present design eliminates the need for storage rings. Further innovations are to give the HIF (heavy ion fusion) Driver flexibility to drive multiple chambers in the most general case of different total distances between the linac output and each of the various chambers. Using multiple chambers steeply decreases the pro-rata capital investment and operating costs per power production unit, in turn decreasing the cost of power to users.

The invention relates to a novel triggering method of a large-scale fast discharge linear transformer type driving source formed by connecting tens of stages of induction cavities in series. The novel triggering method comprises the following steps: adopting a triggering system containing n groups of triggering units for providing external triggering pulses for a n-stage induction cavity at the uppermost stream, and further realizing strong triggered closing of a gas spark switch corresponding to the induction cavity; enabling a front n-stage induction cavities to reach a (n+1)-stage induction cavities through spreading electromagnetic pulses which is superposed by voltage of secondary electromagnetic induction along a secondary transmission line; and coupling a switch in the (n+1)-stage induction cavity through a magnetic core, applying the overvoltage electromagnetic pulses in the secondary transmission line to the gas spark switch for realizing the fast overvoltage breakdown closing of the switch till the electromagnetic pulses achieve a load. By adopting the triggering method, the reliability of operation of an LTD (linear transformer driver) device and the triggering system thereof are improved, thereby having important value in popularizing an LTD (Laser Target Designator) to be applied in the national defense fields, such as inertial confinement fusion, fusion energy and the like; and furthermore, the realization of secondary coupling triggering can enable the LTD technology to obtain breakthrough development.

The invention provides a method for preparing silicon dioxide (SiO2) aerogel with continuous density gradient. The method comprises the following steps of: mixing precursor sol with high target density and precursor sol with low target density continuously by using tetraethoxysilane as an organic silicon source, by adopting a continuous forming process and by automatically designing and constructing a density gradient mixed forming device so as to obtain SiO2 sol with continuous density gradient; standing to gelate; and preparing the SiO2 aerogel with continuous density gradient by an aging replacement process and a supercritical drying process. The physical property of the SiO2 aerogel is in gradient distribution along with the change of density, so the application range is widened. The SiO2 sol with continuous density gradient prepared by the method has the characteristics of large density gradient, complete forming structure, continuous distribution of density, simpleness, convenience and controllability of preparation process and the like, so the SiO2 sol can be applied in the fields of space particle capture for aerospace, research on impact wave characteristics for an inertial confinement fusion test, acoustic resistance anti-gradient matching application, high-resolution Cerenkov detectors, high-vacuum thermal insulation materials and the like.

The invention relates to a six-degree-of-freedom series-connected robot with target positioning applied to inertial confinement fusion. By using a form of a series-connected mechanism for separating translation and rotation, and the six-degree-of-freedom series-connected robot with target positioning consists of a set of three-dimension translation work table and a set of three-dimension rotary robot. The translation and the rotation of each direction are both driven by a vacuum special motor actuator, each movement is relatively independent, and the precision movement of six freedom degrees can be finished in the space. By constructing a precise vacuum positioning mechanism with the six-degree-of-freedom in the space, the invention has the advantages of compact structure, small duty ratio angle, high motion resolution, easy control and precise positioning.

A fusion fuel capsule is disclosed having a substantially spherical ablator shell. The interior surface of the shell is lined with a nanoporous scaffold layer wetted with either a fully or partially liquid mixture of deuterium and tritium.

Cylindrical inertial confinement fusion reaction chambers are disclosed according to some embodiments of the invention. These chambers can include neutron moderating/absorbing material, radiation absorbing material, and debris collection material. These chambers can also include various injection ports, nozzles, beam ports, sacrificial layers, absorbers, coolant systems, etc. These chambers can be used with directional and/or omni-directional targets.

An automatic tracking monitoring system based on machine vision and a target pellet and gas-filled tube assembly monitoring method implemented through adoption of the system belong to the field of automatic target assembly in inertial confinement fusion (ICF). The system and the method solve the problems of low assembly precision and low assembly efficiency which are resulted from visual observation and alignment needing to be performed by a skilled technicist through a high-magnification microscope in the existing target pellet and gas-filled tube assembly process. The automatic tracking monitoring system comprises three microscopic visual systems, a gas-filled tube fine-adjustment auxiliary clamping member, a reflecting mirror, a negative-pressure adsorption head and a target pellet fine-adjustment platform; the negative-pressure adsorption head is disposed on the target pellet fine-adjustment platform, the negative-pressure adsorption head is used to adsorb a target pellet, one microscopic visual system is used to perform imaging for the target pellet through reflection of the reflecting mirror and to monitor a position of a target hole in the target pellet, the remaining two microscopic visual systems are placed in a manner that the two microscopic visual systems form an orthogonal angle, the reflecting mirror and the horizontal plane form a 45-degree inclined angle, and the two system monitor a space position and a gesture of a gas-filled tube. The automatic tracking monitoring system is mainly used in assembly of the target pellet and the gas-filled tube.

The invention relates to a soft X ray grazing incidence optical system based on a double-energy-point multilayer membrane and an application thereof. The optical system comprises an objective lens, wherein the double-energy point multilayer membrane is plated on the objective lens, the double-energy-point multilayer membrane is composed of an upper side membrane system and a lower side membrane system, the upper side membrane system is used for reflecting aiming at working energy point soft X rays, and the lower side membrane system is used for reflecting aiming at 8 keV energy point soft X rays; and firstly the optimal object point of the 8 keV energy point is found through a Cu target X ray under a laboratory atmospheric environment, the optimal object point is the same as the optimal object point of the soft X ray grazing incidence optical system, and a strong laser device is switched and is used for an ICF (inertial confinement fusion) physical experiment on the actual soft X ray working energy point. Compared with the prior art, the soft X ray grazing incidence optical system has the advantages of being low in cost, simple in installation and adjustment, short in experiment time, capable of causing no additional error and adding no magnetron sputtering equipment, and the like.

The invention relates to a novel ICF (initial confinement fusion) pellet detection device and a positioning method. The device comprises a laser, a beam expander, a first bean splitter, a second beamsplitter, a third beam splitter, a plane mirror, a to-be-detected pellet, a lens, a CCD image sensor, a computer, a high-power LED and a diaphragm. The pellet is moved at the internal of 10 mu m, a backlight projection image in each position is collected, image preprocessing work such as filtering and aperture extraction is performed, the acutance of an area near a bright ring is calculated, and the position with the largest acutance meets the object-image conjugate relation. The pellet is moved in the interval of 10 mu m at the interval of 1 mu m continuously after being moved to the position. The steps of collection, image preprocessing and acutance calculation are repeated, the pellet is moved to the new position with the largest acutance, and positioning is finished. The novel pellet detection device and the positioning method are applicable to conventional cylindrical vacuum space and can realize automatic positioning quickly and accurately.

The invention discloses a measurement and correction method of entire beam path aberration for an inertial confinement fusion device, wherein, a Hartmann wave-front sensor is arranged in the beam path behind a laser amplifier for detecting the near field wave-front; a reflection deformable mirror is arranged in the beam path before the Hartmann wave-front sensor, a CCD is arranged in the entire beam path far field for detecting the strength distribution of the focal spot; the dynamic aberration is directly measured by the Hartmann wave-front sensor, the static aberration is jointly measured by the reflection deformable mirror, the Hartmann wave-front sensor and the far field CCD which are matched with each other; when the reflection deformable mirror is driven, the Hartmann wave-front sensor records different wave-fronts modulated by the deformable mirror; at the same time, the far field CCD records the corresponding far field strength; according to the recorded different near field modulated wave-fronts and the corresponding far field strength data pairs, the entire beam path static aberration of the inertial confinement fusion device is calculated by the iterated algorithm, which drives the reflection deformable mirror to correct the aberration. The invention realizes the measurement and correction of entire beam path aberration for the ICF device.

The invention provides a preparation method for nano porous metal materials. The preparation method comprises the following steps: firstly, preparing a melamine-aldehyde organic aerogel template, making the melamine-aldehyde organic aerogel template soak into chemical plating solutions for several days, performing chemical plating at a certain temperature, and then, performing deionized water cleaning, solvent exchange, drying and heat treatment, and thus, the nano porous metal materials can be prepared. The reaction conditions of the preparation method provided by the invention are mild, the operation is simple, the specific surface area of products is higher, the average pore diameter is about 10nm, and the structures of the products are uniform. The nano porous metal materials prepared by the method provided by the invention have better application prospects in the fields of laser inertial confinement fusion, hydrogen storage, electrochemical energy storage, photochemical catalysis and the like.

The invention provides a transmission type flat response soft X-ray radiation flux measuring device. A cone is fixedly arranged at the periphery of the back end of an anode; an output head is arranged at the periphery of the cone; the output head is connected with a shell; an inner cylinder is fixedly arranged at the periphery of a clamping ring; a thin film cathode is pressed in the inner cylinder through the clamping ring; an outer cylinder is arranged at the periphery of the inner cylinder; an insulating layer is arranged between the inner cylinder and the outer cylinder; a locking ring is arranged at the periphery of the outer cylinder; an insulating ring is pressed in the conical outer cylinder through the locking ring; the outer cylinder is connected with the output head through a connecting ring; the shell is fixedly connected with a high-pressure pipe; a ceramic valve, a connecting pin, an insulating cylinder and a high-pressure head are sequentially connected with one another on the axis of the high-pressure pipe; and a current limiting resistor is connected with the inner cylinder and the ceramic valve. According to the transmission type flat response soft X-ray radiation flux measuring device of the invention, the thin film cathode can provide conditions for optoelectron subsequent processing; and a flat response filter and an XRD detector are integrated, so that the structure of the device is more compact. With the device adopted, X-ray radiation flux measurement in the inertial confinement fusion field can be realized.

The invention provides a fusion reaction hot spot area proton imaging method, a calibration device and an experiment device. The protons generated by a fusion reaction hot spot area are imaged by a minisize magnetic quadrupole lens made of a permanent magnet, and the hot spot compression state information can be obtained. The method includes four steps of the calibration of the proton imaging minisize magnetic quadrupole lens in the calibration device, the adjustment of the object distance and the image distance of the minisize magnetic quadrupole lens in the experiment device, equivalent optical lens collimation, and online experiment diagnosis. The fusion reaction hot spot area proton imaging method is suitable for the diagnosis of fusion reaction hot spot area shapes in laser driving inertial confinement fusion, plasma discharge neutron source, Z-pinch or other devices. The imaging method can perform direction imaging on proton sources without coding and decoding, and no digital noises are introduced. Compared with a coding imaging method, the fusion reaction hot spot area proton imaging method has a larger reception solid angle and can achieve the same spatial resolution under the condition of proton yield one or two orders of magnitude lower.

The invention provides a novel method for preparing a high-damage-threshold laser window material, which is stable in chemical properties and high in damage-threshold. The technical scheme is that novel large-size high-damage-threshold laser window glass is obtained through the fact that an oxide accessory ingredient capable of improving glass forming properties and materialization properties of the material is introduced in fluoride glass. The method solves the problem that the fluoride glass is easy in devitrification, poor in glass forming and difficult in large-size production. Simultaneously, the damage-threshold is obviously improved, and the method can be used in a high-energy laser for improving load capacity and has important functions on smooth advancement of inertial confinement fusion (ICF).

The invention relates to a multi-spark extremely high-speed digital imaging system. The system consists of an illumination unit, an optical system unit, a synchronous control unit and an image recording unit. The illumination unit can generate a timing array spot light source through electro-optical deflection; a multi-channel high-resolution time delay synchronous control unit can achieve the accurate trigger of the light source, a target, an image sensor and an image acquisition card; and the image recording unit can acquire the CCD (charge coupled device) charge images of the target through a common commercial CCD camera in a frame delay readout manner. The multi-spark extremely high-speed digital imaging system can acquire 8 to 16 digital images (designed according to the number configuration of the spot light sources) at an extremely high frame frequency of ten billion amplitudes/seconds, and can be widely used in the flow visualization and photogrammetry of the nanosecond and sub-nanosecond transient processes, such as the studies on the high-voltage discharge, laser-supported plasma detonation wave evolution process, Z-pinch inertial confinement fusion technology and the like.

The invention discloses an ICF (inertial confinement fusion) cryogenic target device and an ICF shielding cover opening speed optimization method. The ICF cryogenic target device comprises a thermal radiation shielding cover; a vacuum region is defined in the thermal radiation shielding cover; a thermal mechanical structure is arranged in the vacuum region; the outer sides of the upper part and lower part of the thermal mechanical structure are provided with two cold rings respectively; a gold cavity is closely attached to the inside of the thermal mechanical structure; the gold cavity is filled with a filling gas; a cryogenic target pellet is fixed to the center of the gold cavity through a supporting film; and the thermal radiation shielding cover is composed of two detachable parts which are connected through a shielding cover connection structure. The ICF shielding cover opening speed optimization method of the invention includes the following steps that: the radiation temperatureof the thermal radiation shielding cover is determined; a model is established according to the radiation temperature and the specific condition of the cryogenic target; the opening mode of the thermal radiation shielding cover is determined; and different shielding cover opening speeds are provided, and an optimized opening speed and corresponding time are obtained.

The invention provides high-damage-threshold fluoride phosphate laser glass as a material for preparing an ultraviolet-transmittance window, and a preparation method of the high-damage-threshold fluoride phosphate laser glass. The preparation method comprises the steps of adopting an alkali metal oxide, an alkaline earth metal oxide, alumina, zinc oxide and phosphoric pentoxide as main raw materials, adding a small amount of rare earth fluoride, molding and preparing glass pressing blanks based on the drip injection method after the treatments of high-temperature melting, clarification and homogenizing, and finally obtaining the high-damage-threshold fluoride phosphate laser glass material through the annealing treatment. The fused quartz material can be replaced by the above glass material for preparing lenses, plane windows, prisms and other optical components applied to high-energy and high-power laser systems. In this way, the laser-induced damage problems of ultraviolet optical components made of the fused quartz material in existing high-energy and high-power laser systems can be solved. The load output capability of a laser is further improved. Therefore, the above material can be used for preparing the ultraviolet-transmittance optical components of high-power lasers for laser-driven inertial confinement fusion experiments.

The invention discloses a collimating method of physical diagnosis equipment based on reflection tracking sphere targets, and the method comprises the following steps: S1, placing one reflection tracking sphere target outside the physical diagnosis equipment, and placing other reflection tracking sphere targets at preset positions on the physical diagnosis equipment; S2, measuring and recording the position relation of all reflection tracking sphere targets through a laser tracker; S3, placing one reflection tracking sphere target at a preset position at the center of a vacuum target chamber;S4, putting the physical diagnosis equipment into the vacuum target chamber through a diagnosis carrying platform, measuring the relative position of all reflection tracking sphere targets through thelaser tracker, and adjusting the position of the physical diagnosis equipment through the diagnosis carrying platform. The above method can reduce the collimating reference deviation, improves the collimating efficiency, reduces the solid angle of an occupied space, and does not occupy a through flange, so as to achieve the high-efficiency collimating and positioning of the physical diagnosis equipment in the inertial confinement fusion field, and achieve the real-time position monitoring on the vacuum target chamber.

The invention discloses polyaryletherketone containing an indole group and a preparation method of polyaryletherketone. The polyaryletherketone is shown in formula (I). The preparation method includes the following steps: under the protection of nitrogen, adding 4-hydroxyindole, a keto-group-containing difluoro monomer, a bisphenol monomer, a salt-forming agent, a solvent and methylbenzene in a reactor; stirring the mixture evenly, and conducting heating to increase the temperature to 130-140 DEG C for reaction for 3-4 hours; distilling off methylbenzene, and then increasing the temperature to 160-190 DEG C for continuous reaction for 4-6 hours; cooling the materials obtained after the reaction to room temperature, and pouring the materials in deionized water for sedimentation; conducting suction filtration to obtain a solid product, conducting extraction with methyl alcohol, and drying the solid product obtained by suction filtration to obtain polyaryletherketone containing the indole group. The polyaryletherketone containing the indole group is good in thermal stability, relatively high in glass transition temperature, good in solubility and unique in optical property, and can be used in battery diaphragms, optoelectronic devices, electrode materials, inertial confinement fusion film targets and other fields. Please see the formula in the specification.

The invention relates to an X-ray multilayer film structure aiming at response of multiple working energy points. The structure comprises a KB objective lens, wherein the KB objective lens is coated with multiple film systems aiming at X-ray response at different energy points; the upper surface of a substrate of the KB objective lens is coated with a film system C, the upper surface of the film system C is coated with both a film system A and a film system B, and the film systems A and B are arranged front and back. Compared with the prior art, on the premise of not reducing the imaging performance of the system, the X-ray multilayer film structure aiming at response of multiple working energy points is used for realizing the responsiveness of X-ray at multiple working energy points, so that the structure can be applied to an ICF (inertial confinement fusion) physical experiment at different working energy points by using a same set of KB system. According to the structure provided by the invention, the difficulty and cost of designing and manufacturing multiple KB systems which respectively work at different energy points as well as the complexity level and time for adjusting the system on an ICF device are remarkably lowered.

The invention provides a precursor polymer microsphere and a preparation method thereof. A poly-carbon borane precursor is used as a sphere shell of the precursor polymer microsphere. The preparation method for the precursor polymer microsphere comprises the following steps: by adopting an emulsion micro-packaging technique based on a precursor conversion method, taking a poly-carbon borane precursor liquid as a middle phase and utilizing a cladding function of an oil water interface to acquire precursor polymer emulsion particles, washing, curing and drying, thereby acquiring the precursor polymer microsphere. The precursor polymer microsphere and the preparation method thereof provided by the invention have the advantages of simple process, mild conditions, excellent dispersity, high microsphere yield and rate of finished products, capability of saving boron sources, capability of reducing production cost and capability of achieving the functions of saving energy, reducing consumption and protecting environment. The precursor polymer microsphere provided by the invention can be used as a precursor material for preparing a boron carbide ceramic microsphere and also can be used in the fields of ultra-hard coatings, radiation-proof materials, laser inertial confinement fusion physical tests, and the like.

A method of imploding an Inertial Confinement Fusion (ICF) target may include directing laser energy into a hohlraum, where a target is disposed within the hohlraum that includes an ablator layer, a shell disposed within the ablator layer, and a fuel region disposed within the shell. The method may also include ablating the ablator layer in response to the laser energy being directed into the hohlraum, and generating a single shockwave that is driven inward through the ablator layer. The method may further include impulsively accelerating the shell inward when hit by the single shockwave, and compressing the fuel region by the inward acceleration of the shell.