404 results about "Displacement reactions" patented technology

The present invention provides methods kits and systems for performing multiple displacement amplification reactions. In one method a sample of nucleic acid is provided. The nucleic acid is contacted with a reaction mixture which includes a set of oligonucleotide primers, a one or more polymerase enzymes and a detergent. The reaction mixture is then subjected to conditions under which the nucleic acid sequence is amplified to produce an amplified product in a multiple displacement reaction. The method may also be carried out by contacting the nucleic acid with the reaction mixture in the form of an emulsion. A kit is also provided for carrying out either the methods described above. The kit includes one or more polymerases, a plurality of primers and a detergent. The kit may also include a hydrophobic polymer and may include instructions for performing a multiple displacement amplification reaction on a nucleic acid sample.

The invention relates to a method for processing arsenic-antimony fume by using a replacement-reduction method so as to recover arsenic and antimony, belonging to the field of non-ferrous metallurgy technologies. The method comprises the steps of recovering arsenic by using a replacement method firstly: adding antimony powder into arsenic-antimony fume, and then simultaneously carrying out a displacement reaction on the obtained mixture for 30-120 min at the temperature of 500-800 DEG C and collecting antimony trioxide volatile fume, so that after the reaction is completed, crude arsenic is obtained; recovering antimony by using a reduction method: adding a reducing agent into the antimony trioxide volatile fume obtained in the last step, and then carrying out a reduction reaction on the obtained mixture for 30-180 min at the temperature of 800-1000 DEG C, so that crude antimony is obtained finally, wherein the mass ratio of antimony trioxide to the reducing agent is 10:(1-3). According to the invention, by fully using the characteristic that antimony trioxide is easily volatile at low temperature, arsenic in arsenic-antimony fume is replaced with antimony powder, and antimony trioxide is volatilized, so that crude arsenic is obtained, and then antimony trioxide is subjected to reduction smelting so as to obtain crude antimony, therefore, the method disclosed by the invention is simple in process and has better industrial application prospects.

Upon performing electrolysis with a solution containing nickel as the electrolytic solution, anolyte is adjusted to pH 2 to 5; impurities such as iron, cobalt and copper contained in the anolyte are eliminated by combining any one or two or more of the methods among adding an oxidizing agent and precipitating and eliminating the impurities as hydroxide, eliminating the impurities through preliminary electrolysis, or adding Ni foil and eliminating the impurities through displacement reaction; impurities are thereafter further eliminated with a filter; and the impurity-free solution is employed as catholyte to perform the electrolysis. The present invention relates to a simple method of performing electrolytic refining employing a solution containing nickel from nickel raw material containing a substantial amount of impurities, and provides technology on efficiently manufacturing high purity nickel having a purity of 5N (99.999 wt %) or more.

A process for the fabrication of submicron copper interconnection useful on IC structures without deposition of copper seed is described. A dense metal layer can be deposited through contact displacement reaction between diffusion barrier layer and metal ions in solution under appropriate conditions. The metal layer formed by the displacement deposition can serve as the conducting material for subsequent copper electroplating. Moreover, the costly process for applying seed layer through CVD or PVD can be eliminated.

A direct displacement plating process provides a uniform, adherent coating of a relatively stable metal (e.g., nickel) on a highly reactive metal (e.g., aluminum) that is normally covered with a recalcitrant oxide layer. The displacement reaction proceeds, preferably in a nonaqueous solvent, as the oxide layer is dissolved by a fluoride activator. Halide anions are used to provide high solubility, to serve as an anhydrous source of stable metal ions, and to control the rate of the displacement reaction. A low concentration of activator species and little or no solution agitation are used to cause depletion of the activator species within pores in the surface oxide so that attack of the reactive metal substrate is minimized. Used in conjunction with electroless nickel deposition to thicken the displacement coating, this process can be used to render aluminum pads on IC chips solderable without the need for expensive masks and vacuum deposition operations. Such coatings can also be used to preserve or restore wire bondability, or for corrosion protection of aluminum and other reactive structural metals and alloys. A thin layer of immersion gold can be used to protect the thickened coating from oxidation. The solderable aluminum IC chip pads provide the basis for a maskless bumping process for flip chip attachment.

A process for making a polysiloxane block copolymer which is built up from units of the formula [A] [B], in which A is a polymeric block built up from radically polymerisable monomer, and B is a polysiloxane block, the process comprising the steps of forming a polysiloxane macroinitiator by grafting a radical initiator onto a polysiloxane via a nucleophilic displacement reaction between groups on the polysiloxane and radical initiator respectively, and reacting the polysiloxane macroinitiator so obtained with radically polymerisable monomers in an atom transfer radical polymerisation reaction to form a polysiloxane block copolymer. Also provided are cosmetic and personal care compositions, such as hair styling compositions, containing the polysiloxane block copolymers.

The invention discloses a preparation method of a nanoscale zirconium phosphate silver-carrying composite inorganic antimicrobial agent. The preparation method comprises the following steps of 1, a nanoscale zirconium phosphate carrier preparation step specifically comprising that enough sodium dihydrogen phosphate aqueous solution is added into zirconium oxychloride aqueous solution to undergo areaction to produce nanoscale zirconium phosphate carriers, 2, an ultrafiltration step specifically comprising that the nanoscale zirconium phosphate carriers obtained from the step 1 are added into an ultrafilter membrane system for ultrafiltration and when a result of a detection adopting silver ions shows that there is not chloride ions in filtrate, the ultrafiltration is completed, 3, an antimicrobial metal ion adsorption and displacement step specifically comprising that nanoscale zirconium phosphate carrier sol precipitates are dissolved in pure water and then antimicrobial metal ion aqueous solution is added into the nanoscale zirconium phosphate carrier sol precipitate aqueous solution to undergo complete adsorption and displacement reactions, and 4, an inorganic antimicrobial powder preparation step specifically comprising that reaction products obtained from the step 3 are filtered by a pump and washed to form filter cakes and the filter cakes is dried by an oven, crushed slightly and calcined to form finished products. The preparation method removes an inorganic salt by-product from a zirconium phosphate synthesis process through adopting an ultrafilter membrane thus enables zirconium phosphate carriers to be utilized directly for adsorption and displacement of metal ions without high-temperature calcination.

A process for preparing derivatized poly(4-hydroxystryrene) having a novolak type structure which comprises the steps of (i) supplying a solution of methanol containing 4-hydroxyphenylmethylcarbinol, (ii) subjecting said solution to an acid catalyzed displacement reaction for a sufficient period of time and under suitable conditions of temperature and pressure to convert substantially all of said carbinol to 4-hydroxyphenylmethylcarbinol methyl ether in solution, (iii) polymerizing said ether containing solution in the presence of a suitable acid catalyst for a sufficient period of time and under suitable conditions of temperature and pressure to form a novolak type polymer. New compositions of matter which comprise the derivatized poly(4-hydroxystyrene) prepared in the above manner and which have application in the electronic chemicals market such as in a photoresist composition, and in other areas such as in varnishes, printing inks, epoxy resins, copying paper, tackifiers for rubber, crude oil separators, and the like.

The invention relates to a method for preparing compact silver-coated copper powder by using the one-pot method. The silver-coated copper powder is in a coated core-shell structure, a core layer is made of copper, and a shell layer is made of silver. The preparation method includes: adding ammoniacal copper solution prepared by copper sulfate into aqueous solution containing reducing agent and dispersing agent to obtain copper powder suspension; adding water-soluble organic chelating agent into the suspension containing copper powder; adding ammoniacal silver solution prepared by silver nitrate into the suspension containing the copper powder to enable silver ions and the copper powder to be in a displacement reaction; after the displacement reaction finishes, additionally adding a certain amount of weak reducing agent to restore residual silver ions into silver; and filtering, washing and drying to obtain silver-coated copper powder with different grain diameters of 0.8-5 micrometers. The obtained silver-coated copper powder is uniform in silver coating of the shell layer, compact, good in conductivity, high in high-temperature oxidation resistance, and capable of being used for preparation of various electrode slurry sintered in the air.

The invention discloses a preparation method of a metal-based super-hydrophobic surface. The preparation method comprises the following steps: (1) immersing a metal-based surface into an acid-salt mixed solution which comprises an acid, a metal salt and water, wherein metal in a metal base is subjected to a displacement reaction with the metal salt and is subjected to etching with the acid; (2) immersing the metal-based surface treated through the step (1) into a surface modification solution which is a perfluorosilane aqueous solution; and (3) drying and cooling the metal-based surface treated through the step (2), thus obtaining the metal-based super-hydrophobic surface. The metal-based super-hydrophobic surface prepared by using the method disclosed by the invention has excellent super-hydrophobic performance; the preparation process is simple and easy to carry out; the preparation course is safe and reliable; the preparation cycle is short; no expensive equipment or material is needed; the preparation cost is low; and a relatively good industrial application prospect is achieved.

The invention relates to a kind of chiral diphosphite ligands, an iridium composite catalyst thereof, a preparation method and application thereof. The ligands are obtained through using chiral (R)-(S)-1-dimethylamino ethyiferroene as raw materials to react with diphenyl phosphonium chloride under the effect of butyl lithium and then to carry out displacement reaction with diaryl phosphine alkane. The chiral diphosphite ligands respectively act with homotropilidene compositions of iridous chloride, tetrabutyl ammonium iodide and glacial acetic acid, and imine asymmetrical hydrogenization catalysts can be obtained. When the iridium-diphosphine catalysts are used for catalyzing 2-methyl-6-ethyl-N-methylene aniline (EMA-imine) hydrogenization reaction, (S)-N-(1-anisyl-2-propyl)-2-methyl-6- ethylaniline ((S)-NNA) can be obtained, and the antimer excessive value (ee) can reach 86.5 percent. The (S)-NNA and chloracetyl chloride carry out acylation reaction to obtain (S)-metolachlor with the ee value of 86 percent. Thereby, the ligands provided by the invneiton can be used for synthesizing chiral herbicidal chemicals of (S)-metolachlor.

The invention provides a method for utilizing base metal catalytic ink to manufacture a printed circuit. The method is characterized in that: the ink mainly is composed of 10% to 90% of functional materials, 2% to 18% of organic carriers and 8% to 72% of organic solvents, wherein the functional materials are formed by metal or / and metal oxide powder, the metal is one selected from the group of iron, nickel, aluminum, and zinc, or a mixture of at least two metals in random mixing proportion selected from the group of iron, nickel, aluminum, zinc, and copper, and a metal oxide is selected from ferrous oxide or / and cuprous oxide. According to the invention, traditional printing modes of screen printing, gravure printing and the like can be employed to manufacture lines on insulation base material, and then the insulation base material is put into a replacement reaction solution for a displacement reaction to form a conductor printed circuit. The method has the following advantages: (1) the ink does not contain precious metals of silver, gold and the like, and manufacture cost of related products is greatly reduced; (2) the method is simple; (3) the manufactured printed circuit is reliable, electric conductivity is good, and application is wide.

The present invention provides a composite material SiC / Ti3SiC2 that is synthesized by displacement reaction of original positions, and a hot-pressing preparation method thereof. Si powder and TiC powder are used as raw materials; Al is used as an additive for the reaction; the molar ratio between Si, TiC and Al is equal to 2 to 3 to from 0.2 to 1; after being mixed for 10 hours in a dry way, the mixed materials are arranged in a graphite die that is then arranged in a hot-pressing furnace; with the protection of argon gas, the temperature of the furnace is raised to be between 1350 and 1550 DEG C at the rate of 20 to 50 DEG C per minute; at the same time, the pressure of 20 to 40MPa is exerted in the die; the temperature is maintained for 1 to 4 hours; thus the composite material of SiC / Ti3SiC2 block can be prepared. The preparation method has the advantages of low costs of the composite material of synthesized SiC / Ti3SiC2, no phase of impurities of TiC, tiny particles of SiC that are evenly distributed in the matrix, stable technological parameters and suitability for large-scale production.

The invention discloses a method for metallurgical purification of a polysilicon, which particularly to a purification technology being capable of decreasing the contents of boron and phosphor which influence the battery efficiency. The method comprises the following steps: sodium oxide, lime and fluorite are added during the slagging and oxidation process, boron and phosphor are made into oxide by a displacement reaction, the oxide is dissolved in slag, the melting temperature is reduced by adding with the fluorite, the fluxing medium dissolves in the leaching process of the dilute acid, the oxidizing acid oxidizes and dissolves boride and metallic compounds at the transition zone, and then the complexant for hydrofluoric acid and boron corrodes the surface of silicon, and the boron impurity is extracted from the surface of silicon particles to a solvent under the effect of complexant. The method has low energy consumption and no pollution, and can improve the purity of polysilicon.

The present invention discloses a DNA molecular chain displacement reaction based method for extracting CRNs for realizing combinational logic. The method comprises the following steps of: step 1, according to a set logic function, obtaining a truth table that reflects input and output logic relationships, and obtaining, through mapping, a proforma chemical reaction network from the truth table; and step 2, simplifying the proforma chemical reaction network obtained in the step 1 by using a Karnaugh map simplification approach, to obtain a proforma chemical reaction network for realizing a combinational logic function. The method provided in the present invention is mainly used for obtaining the chemical reaction network that represents logical relationships in a DNA molecular chain displacement reaction; the CRNs is obtained by mainly using the truth table in electronics and the Karnaugh map simplification approach; CRNs that indicate logical relationships can be obtained without considering the specific circuit architecture; the CRNs are simplified; and energy consumption is effectively reduced. Meanwhile, the method provided in the present invention is more general, straightforward and more convenient in operation.

The invention relates to the field of chemical synthesis, and concretely relates to a preparation method of lithium bis(fluorosulfonyl)imide. The preparation method of lithium bis(fluorosulfonyl)imide comprises the following steps: 1, carrying out a displacement reaction on bis(fluorosulfonyl)imide and LiX, wherein X is selected from Cl, Br and I; 2, mixing a proper amount of hydrogen chloride with a reaction solution obtained through the displacement reaction; and 3, carrying out solid-liquid separation on a reaction solution obtained in step 2, concentrating the obtained liquid phase, adding a poor solvent to crystallize, and carrying out solid-liquid separation to obtain the bis(fluorosulfonyl)imide. The preparation method of bis(fluorosulfonyl)imide allows highly pure LiFSI to be obtained, and has the advantages of realization of stable quality and high yield of the above product, effective reduction of the content of potassium ions, sodium ions, chloride ions, sulfate radicals, water and other impurities, simple operating steps, reasonable production cost, high safety, and suitableness for industrial production.

The invention belongs to the technical field of extracting graphite, and mainly relates to a preparation process for purifying the natural graphite by a high-temperature method. The preparation process for purifying the natural graphite comprises a technical proposal that by utilizing the principle that the boiling point of the graphite is high (3,700 DEG C) and the boiling point of other impurities is low, the impurities in the natural graphite are continuously removed by stages. The process comprises the following steps that: the natural graphite is placed in purification furnaces with temperatures of 1,500 DEG C, between 2,500 and 2,800 DEG C and between 2,800 and 3,200 DEG C for gasifying the impurities by stages, and simultaneously proper amount of HF and HCL gases are introduced; at high temperature, the introduced HF and HCL gases perform displacement reaction with the metal impurities with high boiling point to generate fluorides and chlorides with low boiling point which are gasified for discharge. The carbon content of the natural graphite purified by the process reaches 99.99 to 99.999 percent, and the process also has the advantages of simple production process, low production cost and stable quality.

The invention provides a preparation method of a high-performance low-platinum catalyst for the methanol fuel cell. The method adopts simple displacement reaction to coat a small amount of Pt or Pt and Ru on the surface of Pd alloy and loads the materials on carbon powder together so that the dosage of precious metal Pt is greatly reduced and the cost of the catalyst is effectively reduced. The catalyst prepared by the invention has high catalytic activity of methanol oxidation electrocatalysis, good stability and long service life, thus being a good high-performance catalyst which can be directly used for methanol fuel cells.

The invention discloses a method for treating manganese-containing wastewater generated during electrolytic manganese processing. The method comprises the following steps of: firstly, pretreating manganese-containing wastewater; adding sodium hydroxide to adjust the pH value to be 9.3+0.10; adding carbonate capable of undergoing a displacement reaction with Mn<2+> to generate a MnCO3 sediment; then, adding a flocculant and fully stirring, wherein the addition amount of the flocculant is 0.12-0.35 percent of the wastewater amount; leading the wastewater to enter a primary sedimentation tank, standing still, sedimenting MnCO3 and separating the MnCO3 from liquid; then, adding sodium hydroxide to adjust the pH value to 9.7+0.10; adding perhydrol and the flocculant; and leading the wastewater enter a secondary sedimentation tank and standing still to generate a Mn(OH)2 sediment; and adding an acid or alkali substance to adjust the pH value of the Mn(OH)2 sediment so that related indexes can reach an emission standard. The method disclosed by the invention is a production type treatment method for resource recycling, can be used for recycling manganese resources, has lower treatment cost and is beneficial to decrease of the costs of enterprises for treating the manganese-containing wastewater.

The present invention relates to a method for preparing nano noble metal hydrogenation catalyst by using chemical displacement process and its application. It is characterized by that it utilizes metal elementary substance M and salt of noble metal N and makes them undergo the process of displacement reaction to produce elementary substance N, in which the N represents Ru, Rh, Pd, Pt and Ir or their mixture, M represents Zn, Al, Fe, Co and Ni. When the M is terrifically excess, N / M type metal loaded nano noble metal can be produced; and When the N and M are approximate to stoichiometry, the highly-dispersed nano N colloid can be formed, after the stabilizing agent is added, the load type N / S can be prepared, in which S represents C, Al2O3, SiO2, MgO, ZrO2 and CeO2. Said catalyst can be used for hydrogenation reaction of various compounds.

The present invention discloses a 17beta-estradiol visualization detection method based on DNA nano-structure, and a 17beta-estradiol visualization detection kit based on DNA nano-structure. The working principle is that 17b-estradiol interacts with aptamer, a strand displacement reaction is started, three groups of stem-loop DNA probes are constantly opened to form DNA nano-structures, a G tetramer having catalysis activity is formed on the terminals of the three DNA arms in the DNA nano-structures, the G tetramer is bound with hemin so as to form a compound having catalysis activity and similar to HRP, TMB is subjected to catalytic oxidation, and a blue substrate is produced, wherein the result is visible, and the concentration of 17b-estradiol is directly related to the blue shade. According to the present invention, the operation is simple, the whole reaction can be completed at the room temperature, the high sensitivity is provided, the detection limit on 17b-estradiol is 100 fM, the good specificity is provided, the detection result is directly visible without any detection equipment, and the method and the kit can be used for the on-site rapid detection of 17b-estradiol.

The invention provides a method for preparing a carbon-supported ultra-low platinum catalytic electrode by means of indirect electrodeposition, which belongs to the fuel cell technique field. The method comprises the steps: transition metal M (such as: Cu, Co, Ni and the like) nano-particles in an aqueous solution are highly dispersed and deposited on a porous carbon electrode (PCE) bonded with perfluoro-sulfonated resin through a four-step electrodeposition method, then the obtained M / PCE electrode is immerged into a platinum salt solution for preparing the carbon-supported ultra-low platinum catalytic electrode through displacement reaction. The invention has the advantages of simple process and low costs. The prepared carbon-supported ultra-low platinum catalytic electrode has the advantages of low platinum loading, high electro-catalytic performance, good dispersion of platinum nano-particles and controllable sizes, and can replace the existing commercial platinum carbon (Pt / C) catalyst.

The process of treating waste water containing metal complex includes: regulating pH value to 2-4 and adding H2O2, contacting with iron powder in a fluidized bed reactor to produce displacement reaction and complex eliminating reaction, adding alkali in a deposition tank one deposit metal ion, and separating supernatant and the lower precipitate. The process can prevent the aggregation and deactivation of iron powder in the reaction, and has greatly raised reaction efficiency, low cost and high waste water treating effect.

A process for preparing the core-shell Cu-Sn nanoparticles includes preparing Cu nanoparticles, dispersing in water, mixing with the solution of stannous chloride under existence of high-molecular protecting agent and thiourea, and displacement reaction to generate a Sn layer on the surface of Cu nanoparticle. It can be used as the additive of extreme-pressure lubricant, powder metallurgy, and different special materials.

The invention belongs to the technical field of molecular circuit-based design and particularly relates to a DNA strand self-assembly principle-based and local DNA hairpin strand displacement reaction-based XOR gate and a complementing circuit constructed by utilizing the same. The XOR gate is constructed by adopting double-rail logic and comprises a single-stranded DNA input, a fuel hairpin and a DNA hairpin fixed to a fold paper substrate. The complementing circuit belongs to a three binary input complementing circuit and is composed of two parallel XOR gates. According to the provided XOR gate, the occurrence probability of wrong strand displacement reactions is relatively low and the DNA strand displacement reaction efficiency is improved. According to the provided complementing circuit, parallel computing can be realized without mutual interference; and a simulation result for Visual DSD of the complementing circuit shows that the complementing circuit is reasonable to construct, has good performance and has the advantages of high construction speed, high precision, high expandability and the like in construction of a large complex molecular system.

The invention relates to a method for clean production of lactic acid by a calcium salt process, which comprises: regulating the pH value of fermentation liquid by using CaCO3; adding carbonate to perform a precipitation displacement reaction to obtain solution of soluble lactate and a CaCO3 precipitate; loading the solution of soluble lactate on an anion exchange column, so that lactates are absorbed onto the column and ion exchange permeate passing through the anion exchange column is obtained; eluting the anion exchange column with acid to obtain extrication liquid containing lactic acid; and subjecting the ion exchange permeate to bipolar membrane electrodialysis to obtain regenerated acid, alkali and desalted waste solution. The method for clean production of lactic acid by the calcium salt process completely overcome the drawback of production of calcium sulfate waste slag in production of lactic acid by the conventional production technique and can be connected with the conventional lactic acid fermentation step directly.

The invention provides an O-2`-Hydroxypropyltrimethyl ammonium chloride chitosan preparation method, which comprises the following steps: firstly, Beta-Chitin is reacted with modifying agent to synthesize O-2`-Hydroxypropyltrimethyl ammonium chloride Chitin; secondly, acetyl of C2 digit on O-2`-HTACCt sugar ring is divested through reaction to obtain O-2`-HTACCts. Quaternary ammonium salt derivatives displacement reaction positioning in the invention occurs on hydroxyl of Beta-Chitin sugar ring, Chitin and chitosan quaternary ammonium salt derivatives of the hydroxyl positioning displacement are obtained, thus the method is simple and reliable. The degree of substitution (DS) of the intermediate product O-2`-HTACCt is more easily adjusted. The deacetylating reaction conditions are mild, the chitosan trunk chain degradation reaction degree is reduced, therefore O-2`-HTACCts with the high deacetylation degree (DD) and the high degree of substitution (DS) are obtained.

A recycling process for the demetalization of hydrocarbon oil comprises recycling the following steps: a demetalizing composition for hydrocarbon oil or an aqueous solution thereof is sufficiently mixed with hydrocarbon oil in a desired proportion, and the resultant mixture is subjected to a conventional electrically desalting process to obtain a demetalized hydrocarbon oil and an aqueous desalted solution containing the desalted metal salts; the aqueous desalted solution containing the metal salts is then sufficiently mixed with a precipitating agent in a desired proportion and is subjected to a displacement reaction, and an aqueous solution containing the demetalizing composition is recovered by separating out the residue of the metal salts produced in the displacement reaction, which is poorly soluble or insoluble in water, with a solid-liquid separator; and the recovered aqueous solution containing the demetalizing composition for hydrocarbon oil, which meets the requirements for metal ions in demetalized hydrocarbon oil, is then mixed with hydrocarbon oil in a desired proportion for a next cycle. The present invention has the following advantages such as high efficiency of demetalization, reduction of pollution to the environment and the production cost as well as the metal salt product obtained by treating and collecting the desalted residue of the metal salt.

An improved process for the preparation of 2′-modified nucleosides and 2′-deoxy-nucleosides, such as, β-L-2′-deoxy-thymidine (LdT), is provided. In particular, the improved process is directed to the synthesis of a 2′-deoxynucleoside that may utilize different starting materials but that proceeds via a chloro-sugar intermediate or via a 2,2′-anhydro-1-furanosyl-nucleobase intermediate. Where an 2,2′-anhydro-1-furanosyl base intermediate is utilized, a reducing agent, such as Red-Al, and a sequestering agent, such as 15-crown-5 ether, that cause an intramolecular displacement reaction and formation of the desired nucleoside product in good yields are employed. An alternative process of the present invention utilizes a 2,2′-anhydro-1-furanosyl base intermediate without a sequestering agent to afford 2′-deoxynucleosides in good yields. The compounds made according to the present invention may be used as intermediates in the preparation of other nucleoside analogues, or may be used directly as antiviral and / or antineoplastic agents.