59 results about "Displacement reactions" patented technology

The invention provides an amorphous copper nanolayer coated spherical porous silicon composite material and a preparation method and application thereof.The preparation method includes the step that the surface of spherical porous silicon is coated with an amorphous copper conductive nanolayer through a simple solution method.On the basis of the principle of replacement reaction, aluminum in aluminum-silicon alloy is replaced with copper to be coated on the surface of silicon, and the amorphous copper nanolayer coated spherical porous silicon composite material is obtained. And meanwhile, the rate of the replacement reaction is slowed down by utilizing different reaction activities of copper chloride in an organic solvent, so that the spherical morphology is kept, and meanwhile, the surface of silicon can be coated with a layer of amorphous copper nano layer with high conductivity. The invention also provides a preparation method of the material. Tests find that the conductivity of the material can be effectively improved due to the excellent conductivity of the copper nano layer, and the volume expansion effect of the material in the electrochemical cycle process can be effectively relieved due to the porous structure. Therefore, the combination of the two effectively improves the problems of poor conductivity and unstable structure of the silicon negative electrode material, and effectively improves the application performance of the silicon negative electrode material in the lithium ion battery negative electrode.

The invention provides a supercritical carbon dioxide core displacement experiment device and method, and the device comprises a supercritical carbon dioxide preparation system, a displacement reaction system, a temperature and pressure control system, a recovery metering system, and a data acquisition monitoring system. Flexible preparation of supercritical carbon dioxide can be achieved, the oil displacement process in the oil reservoir stratum environment can be accurately reduced, the experimental device is high in modification flexibility, and data collection, transmission and monitoring are efficient and high in precision. A series of experiment requirements of supercritical carbon dioxide preparation, injection oil displacement, data processing and the like can be conveniently met, the device can be conveniently subjected to experiment modification through the arrangement of the pipeline, the valve and the sensor, various experiment purposes are achieved, the utilization efficiency of the experiment device is improved, experiment operation is efficient, the carbon dioxide oil displacement and sealing experiment effects can be explored, and the experimental device is suitable for popularization and application. The method provides an experimental research thought for oil reservoir recovery efficiency, and has important guiding significance on improvement of oil and gas field recovery efficiency and development of a negative carbon technology.

The invention relates to the technical field of thallium recovery and treatment, in particular to a method for efficiently recovering thallium from a complex solution. The invention discloses a method for efficiently recovering thallium in a complex solution. The method comprises the following steps: S1, multi-stage replacement; a metal displacer is added into the thallium-containing feed liquid, a multi-stage displacement reaction is carried out, and the pH value during the multi-stage displacement reaction is 3-5; after the reaction is finished, separating to obtain thallium-removed feed liquid and thallium-containing solid; s2, dissolving; dissolving the thallium-containing solid with an inorganic acid to form a thallium-containing solution; s3, oxidizing and precipitating; and adding an oxidizing agent into the thallium-containing solution, adjusting the pH value of the solution to 1-3 after the oxidation is finished, generating a precipitate, and separating to obtain a thallium hydroxide solid. The method disclosed by the invention is wide in application range, can be used for treating thallium-containing wastewater with various concentrations, is simple in process and easy to implement, and meanwhile, thallium and other valuable metals can be recycled, so that efficient recovery and utilization of resources are realized.

The invention provides a waste battery recovery method and device, the method uses a low-melting-point molten salt with reducibility as a reactant to strip Li, Co, Ni, Mn and other elements in a waste battery from an oxygen element, chlorine salt which is easier to carry out subsequent replacement reaction is generated, the Li, Co, Ni, Mn and other elements in the waste battery can be extracted step by step through the replacement reaction, and the recovery rate of the waste battery is improved. And the recovery process is simplified. The waste battery recycling method has the advantages of being low in cost, high in recycling yield, low in requirement for recycling equipment and the like.

The invention provides a preparation method of silver-coated copper powder, and belongs to the technical field of metal powder treatment. The used copper particle suspension contains a complexing agent, so that the activity of the copper particles can be reduced, the reaction rate of reduction coating can be reduced when a silver-ammonia complexing solution is added, and a compact silver layer slowly and uniformly grows on the surface of each copper particle; the reduction of the activity of the copper particles slows down the replacement reaction of silver ions and copper, and the situation that the coating surface is rough and loose due to the generation of overlarge silver particles is avoided; the silver grows slowly and compactly, so that the surface of the coated silver layer is smooth and compact on the basis of lower usage amount of the silver source; the preparation method is simple in process, low in silver content and low in production cost, and the coated silver layer is smooth and compact in surface.

The invention discloses a preparation method of a stable, safe and reliable iron chloride product, and relates to the technical field of inorganic compounds ferric chloride and ferrous chloride. The preparation method provided by the invention comprises the following steps: applying an electric field to iron and hydrochloric acid in a device to change an electrochemical potential, so that the iron is subjected to chemical replacement and electrochemical reaction, and the iron is directly dissolved in the acid to form ferrous chloride or ferric chloride. By controlling the reaction conditions, flammable and explosive hydrogen generated in the general replacement reaction is avoided, the safety of the chemical process is greatly improved, and the requirements on the production conditions are reduced. Meanwhile, the reaction speed can be increased, the reaction is thorough, and the reaction efficiency and the utilization rate of raw materials and equipment are improved. The obtained solution can be concentrated, crystallized and the like to obtain a solid product.

The application discloses an intermediate processing liquid for an electroless nickel immersion gold (ENIG) production line and a chemical gold preparation method. The intermediate processing liquid is applied between the electroless nickel plating and immersion gold processes, and comprises (a) a pH buffer and a metal ion complexing agent: a total concentration of 50-150 g / L; (b) an adsorptive corrosion inhibitor: a concentration of 0.5-5.0 g / L; (c) a low-foam non-ionic surfactant: a concentration of 0.01-10 g / L; (d) an auxiliary antioxidant: a concentration of 0.5-30 g / L; (e) a dissolving agent: a concentration of 1-50 ml / L; (f) a pH regulator: an appropriate amount, which is added to maintain the pH value of the intermediate processing liquid at 4.0-6.5; and (g) deionized water: a balance, so that the concentrations of the above components reach the set target values; and the intermediate processing liquid has a design use temperature of 20-45 DEG C. The intermediate processing liquid removes residual nickel ions on the board surface and in micropores through strong complex cleaning, and blocks the pollution to the subsequent gold tank; meanwhile, the preferential adsorption of the corrosion inhibitor molecules at the nickel layer grain boundaries forms a controllable molecular-level protective film, effectively adjusts the immersion gold replacement reaction kinetics, and prevents the occurrence of intergranular corrosion (black plate).

The method comprises the following steps: S1, preparing a salt solution of metal A ions and a solution containing elemental metal B particles, wherein the reducibility of the metal B is greater than that of the metal A; s2, simultaneously introducing a salt solution of metal A ions and a solution containing elemental metal B particles into the reaction container, and synchronously applying negative pressure into the reaction container, so that the salt solution of the metal A ions and the solution containing the elemental metal B particles form a turbulent flow state in the reaction container, and carrying out a replacement reaction, and replacing outer-layer atoms of the elemental metal B particles with the elemental nano metal A to form a multiphase composite core-shell material, thereby obtaining the metallized slurry for the packaging substrate. According to the preparation method of the metallization slurry for the packaging substrate, the uniformity of the obtained multiphase composite core-shell material is ensured on the premise of simplifying the preparation method, improving the production efficiency and facilitating industrial production, and then the performance stability of the metallization slurry is ensured.

The present invention provides a drier, a preparation method thereof, a water-emulsified air-drying alkyd resin, a preparation method thereof, and a coating, belonging to the technical field of coatings. The preparation method of the drier comprises the following steps: (1) Mixing sodium hydroxide, an organic acid and water and carrying out a saponification reaction to obtain a saponification product; (2) Adding a manganese source solution to the saponification product obtained in the step (1) and carrying out a displacement reaction to obtain an intermediate product; (3) Mixing the intermediate product obtained in the step (2) with an amine compound and a solvent to obtain the drier. The present invention prepares a coordination complex drier of manganese ions by reacting manganese with an organic acid and an amine compound. The drier does not contain cobalt elements, is harmless to the human body, and has a good drying effect, capable of shortening the drying time of the coating film. The results of the examples show that for the coating composed of the drier prepared by the present invention, its surface drying time is 100 min or less.

A flow-type continuous preparation method for a nano material, comprising: step S1, putting a metal ion solution and a micro-nano-scale metal solution into a reactant container; step S2, separately controlling the metal ion solution and the micro-nano-scale metal solution to simultaneously flow into a reaction channel at a specific flow rate, such that the two solutions are in full contact with each other and undergo a displacement reaction to form a mixed reaction solution, the mixed reaction solution comprising a complete reaction solution and an incomplete reaction solution; step S3, controlling the complete reaction solution and the incomplete reaction solution to respectively flow into a particle collector and a solution collector; step S4, extracting the incomplete reaction solution from the solution collector by means of a return pipe to allow same to flow back into the reactant container; and step S5, repeating steps S1 to S4. The present invention further relates to a device for implementing the flow-type continuous preparation method for a nano material, achieves continuous production, greatly increases the utilization rate of reaction solutions, reduces cost, is suitable for the industrial field, and has great prospects in industrialization.

The present invention relates to the technical field of thallium recovery and treatment, and particularly to a method for efficiently recovering thallium from complex solutions. The present application discloses a method for efficiently recovering thallium from complex solutions, comprising the following steps: S1. Multi-stage replacement; adding a metal replacement agent to the thallium-containing feed liquid for multi-stage replacement reaction, with the pH value during the multi-stage replacement reaction being 3-5; after the reaction is completed, separation is carried out to obtain a thallium-removed feed liquid and a thallium-containing solid; S2. Dissolution; using an inorganic acid to dissolve the thallium-containing solid to form a thallium-containing solution; S3. Oxidation precipitation; adding an oxidizing agent to the thallium-containing solution, after the oxidation is completed, adjusting the pH value of the solution to 1-3 to generate a precipitate, and carrying out separation to obtain thallium hydroxide solid. The method described in the present application has a wide range of applications, can be used to treat thallium-containing wastewater with various concentrations, has a simple process and is easy to implement. At the same time, thallium and other valuable metals can be recovered and utilized, realizing the efficient recovery and utilization of resources.

The application discloses a continuous iron dissolving method for preparing iron phosphate, and comprises the following steps: S1, acid solution is added into a dynamic tubular reactor for pre-washing, and the flow of the acid solution is calibrated, and iron powder is added into the dynamic tubular reactor according to a reducing parameter; S2, a displacement reaction occurs in the dynamic tubular reactor, and the dynamic tubular reactor is in a closed and slightly negative pressure environment; acid mist and by-product hydrogen overflowing from the dynamic tubular reactor are pumped into a gas-liquid separator, and then the hydrogen is pumped into a hydrogen storage tank; S3, the iron phosphate solution obtained through the reaction of the dynamic tubular reactor is filtered through a bag filter through the gas-liquid separator, and then the iron phosphate solution is sampled and analyzed to obtain a clear iron dissolving solution. The application can accurately control the addition amount of raw materials, so that the iron powder is fully reacted in the reactor without residual iron powder, and the continuous iron dissolving process is realized. The safety problem caused by the high hydrogen concentration in the environment due to hydrogen production in the iron dissolving process is effectively solved.

The application discloses a kind of noble liquid zinc powder replacement reaction systems and control method thereof, belong to the field of dressing and smelting.The bottom end of deoxidation tower is connected with deoxidation tower liquid discharge pipe in system.Deoxidation tower liquid discharge pipe lower end is connected with circulating pump feed pipe and replacement pump feed pipe respectively.Circulating pump feed pipe is connected with circulating pump discharge pipe with pressure gauge by circulating pump.Circulating pump discharge pipe is connected with mixing tank feed pipe and is connected with circulating pipe by pipeline with valve.Mixing tank feed pipe is equipped with electromagnetic flowmeter and valve.Replacement pump feed pipe end with flowmeter and valve is connected with mixing tank discharge pipe and is connected with replacement cabinet by replacement pump and replacement pump outlet pipe.Replacement cabinet outlet main pipeline is connected with circulating pipe by pipeline with valve and is connected with replacement cabinet barren liquid pipe.Circulating pipe is connected with noble liquid pool, and replacement cabinet barren liquid pipe is connected with barren liquid pool.Solve the problem of scale formation of mixing device, improve the uniformity of zinc slurry and the stability of input replacement cabinet, strengthen the deoxidation effect of noble liquid, reduce the index fluctuation of barren liquid after replacement.

The invention discloses a synthesis method of trifluorosucrose, an atomization matrix, an electronic atomization device and a buccal product, the synthesis method comprises the following steps: in an organic solvent, sucralose and fluoride are subjected to a halogen replacement reaction to obtain the trifluorosucrose and chloride, and the reaction formula of the halogen replacement reaction is as follows: nC12H19Cl3O8 + 3MFn-nC12H19F3O8 + 3MCln, wherein M is a metal ion. According to the application, the trifluorosucrose can be synthesized, compared with the sucralose, the trifluorosucrose has better high temperature resistance, the sweetness of the trifluorosucrose is equivalent to that of the sucralose, and the trifluorosucrose can be used as a sweetening agent, and can be particularly suitable for application scenes in a relatively high temperature environment, for example, the trifluorosucrose can be used as one of components of an atomization matrix, so that the user experience is improved.

This invention discloses a method for preparing high-purity terbium-iron alloy, utilizing ferric fluoride as a chemical decalcification agent in the refining stage. Compared with existing technologies that rely solely on high-temperature volatilization and physical adsorption for calcium removal, this method provides a clear chemical driving force, converting calcium dissolved in the alloy melt into an insoluble calcium fluoride slag phase through a displacement reaction, thereby achieving efficient calcium removal. This invention can reduce the calcium content in terbium-iron alloy from 0.011-0.015% in traditional processes to 0.002-0.004%, a reduction of 70-85%. This method requires no special equipment; only the addition of ferric fluoride in the refining stage is needed, resulting in low process modification costs and good industrial applicability.

The invention discloses a transition metal sulfide single crystal with a macro-size asymmetric structure as well as a preparation method and application thereof. The preparation method comprises the following steps: providing a macro-size single-layer transition metal sulfide as a precursor; placing the substrate bearing the precursor in a reaction chamber in a non-horizontal orientation manner, so that a non-zero included angle is formed between the surface of the precursor and the dominant transmission direction of reactant flow in the reaction chamber; hydrogen plasma and a heterogeneous chalcogenide element source are introduced into the reaction chamber at the same time, an atomic layer replacement reaction is carried out under the room temperature condition, chalcogenide atoms on the top layer of the precursor are replaced by heterogeneous chalcogenide atoms, and after the replacement reaction is completely carried out, the transition metal sulfide single-layer material of the Janus structure is obtained. According to the method, the preparation of the high-quality Janus TMDC single crystal with the transverse size reaching the millimeter scale is realized, the prepared Janus single crystal has high spatial uniformity on the millimeter scale, and the process is simple, controllable and large-scale.

This invention provides an iridium cobalt oxide electrocatalyst, its preparation method, and its application. First, metallic Co is electrodeposited onto a Ti fiber mat, and then it is placed in an Ir... 3+ In solution, an electrochemical displacement reaction driven by the potential difference between two metals successfully deposited the noble metal Ir onto the surface of metallic Co. Finally, calcination in air yielded an iridium-cobalt oxide electrocatalyst. This invention utilizes an electrochemical displacement reaction to synthesize an iridium-cobalt oxide electrocatalyst simply and conveniently, by altering the noble metal Ir. 3+ By controlling the coordination environment of noble metal active sites through concentration and reaction time, a highly efficient and stable iridium-cobalt oxide was successfully constructed on the surface as an oxygen-generating active center. This solves the problems of high noble metal loading, low activity, and low stability in existing acidic oxygen-generating electrocatalysts, providing a simple, rapid, low-cost, and efficient solution for industrial-scale production.

The invention belongs to the technical field of electrocatalytic materials, and discloses an electrocatalyst for selectively preparing hydrogen peroxide by controlling an oxygen reduction reaction path and application. The electrocatalyst is a composite material in which a Fe3O4 dispersion liquid, an amino-containing monomer, an aldehyde-containing monomer and a zinc salt are subjected to a Schiff base reaction in the presence of a catalyst to obtain a product, and the product and a magnetic metal salt are subjected to a replacement reaction to prepare a metal monatomic covalent organic framework which coats the surface of a magnetic matrix Fe3O4 in a shell form; the Fe3O4 dispersion liquid is prepared by mixing Fe3O4 nanoparticles and a dispersing aid, and the size of the Fe3O4 nanoparticles is smaller than or equal to 100 nm. The electrocatalyst according to the present invention is used to control an oxygen reduction reaction path (2 electron path), thereby achieving high-selectivity production of hydrogen peroxide.

The invention discloses a method for inhibiting a deamination side reaction in a hydrogenation process of 2, 4-diaminotoluene, and relates to the technical field of chemical production. The method comprises the following steps: adding a supported single-metal ruthenium-based heterogeneous catalyst, 2, 4-diaminotoluene, a deamination inhibitor and a reaction solvent into a reaction kettle, sealing the reaction kettle, replacing air in the kettle for three times with N2 at room temperature, starting low-speed stirring at 10-100 rpm, simultaneously introducing H2 to replace the atmosphere in the reaction kettle, dissolving a part of hydrogen, finally introducing H2 to the pressure of 2-5 MPa, controlling the temperature to be 150-200 DEG C, and reacting for 1-2 hours to obtain the 2, 4-diaminotoluene. And increasing the stirring speed to 700-1000rpm, and carrying out hydrogenation reaction for 8-15h to obtain a corresponding product. According to the method, the deamination inhibitor is adopted to inhibit the deamination side reaction in the process of preparing the HTDA by catalyzing TDA hydrogenation through the loaded single-metal ruthenium-based heterogeneous catalyst, efficient and green preparation of the target product HTDA is achieved, the selectivity of the HTDA is improved by 20%-30%, the deamination side reaction is basically avoided, the atom utilization rate of the reaction is improved, and the requirement for equipment is low.

The purpose of this invention is to provide a carbon framework supported and embedded Ni3ZnC 0.7 This paper describes the preparation method and application of NiPt1 single-atom alloy catalysts, belonging to the field of functional materials technology. Using a core-shell structure ZIF-8@Ni-MOF as a precursor, porous carbon-supported Ni3ZnC catalysts are prepared by controlling the pyrolysis temperature, time, and Zn / Ni molar ratio. 0.7 Ni particles; Pt single atoms are anchored in situ using current displacement to form a supported single-atom alloy catalyst. Because Pt 4+ with Ni 0 A current displacement reaction occurs, causing Ni nanoparticles to be etched into small nanoclusters, while simultaneously anchoring Pt single atoms to their surface, thus producing a Ni3ZnC coating. 0.7 The outer layer is a NiPt1 single-atom alloy. Ni3ZnC 0.7 The tunable electronic structure of Ni can alleviate OH blockage and lower the water dissociation energy barrier, providing a new pathway for the development of highly efficient alkaline HER catalysts.

The present invention discloses methods and intermediates for synthesizing nucleosides and nucleoside analogs (NAs). More specifically, the present invention discloses methods for synthesizing nucleosides and NAs using simple achiral materials through a "one-step" proline-catalyzed halogenation reaction of heteroaryl-substituted acetaldehydes, followed by a tandem enantioselective aldol condensation reaction, and then a reduction or organometallic addition and cyclization (cyclization) reaction, including a cyclization halide displacement reaction.

The invention discloses a preparation method of trialkyl boron, and belongs to the technical field of organic boron compounds. According to the preparation method, an alkyl aluminum compound or an alkyl zinc compound is taken as a first raw material, a boron-containing compound is taken as a second raw material, and trialkyl boron is synthesized through metal replacement reaction; the boron-containing compound is selected from boron trihalide or borate. A single-step metal replacement reaction path of an alkyl aluminum compound or an alkyl zinc compound and a boron-containing compound is adopted, so that the three defects of long synthesis route, high energy consumption and more byproducts in the prior art are remarkably overcome. Compared with a high-temperature and high-pressure seed method, the method has the advantages that the high yield is realized under the mild conditions of normal pressure and less than or equal to 120 DEG C, the energy is saved, and the high-pressure risk is avoided; compared with a multi-step organic metal method, the atom utilization rate is greatly increased, byproducts are reduced, and resource utilization can be achieved.

The invention relates to the technical field of metal surface modification, and discloses an eddy stirring friction modification method and a modification device. A stirring rod identical to a to-be-modified workpiece and a sleeve-shaped reinforcing material sleeving the stirring rod are used as stirring tools to rub with the workpiece, and plastic eddy is induced to be generated in the workpiece; and the reinforced material is gradually expanded into a heat-flow coupling area, the reinforced material and the material of the to-be-modified workpiece are subjected to a sufficient metallurgical reaction under the heat-flow coupling action of the plastic vortex, and the reinforced material is transited into the material of the to-be-modified workpiece in modes of decomposition, replacement reaction, synthesis, solid solution, diffusion and the like, so that reaction products such as a reinforced phase or a solid solution and the like are formed. And uniformly mixing the reaction product with the to-be-modified workpiece material under the stirring action of the vortex to generate a composite material modified layer, and distributing the composite material modified layer on the upper surface of the to-be-modified workpiece. The generated modified layer can obviously improve the hardness and wear resistance of the metal surface, and the service life of a metal component is prolonged.

The present invention relates to a method for reducing particulate matter in a high-purity copper alloy ingot, the method comprising the following steps: (1) mixing electrolytic copper and copper oxide, and then melting to obtain copper liquid; (2) subjecting the copper liquid obtained in step (1) to a displacement reaction to obtain purified copper liquid; (3) mixing the purified copper liquid obtained in step (2) with a supplementary metal raw material, and then refining to obtain an alloy liquid; and (4) sequentially casting and cooling the alloy liquid obtained in step (3) to obtain a copper alloy ingot. The method provided by the present invention can effectively remove carbon particles in the copper alloy ingot, thereby reducing the content of total particulate matter in the ingot, and does not introduce other impurities, is simple to operate, and can be industrially applied.

The present application discloses a method for repairing defects of a palladium composite membrane, the repaired palladium composite membrane and its application. In a sealed reactor, a palladium membrane module is immersed in a palladium solution containing acid radicals, and a displacement reaction occurs under an inert atmosphere to obtain the repaired palladium composite membrane; the palladium membrane module includes a palladium membrane and a support; the support includes at least one metal element among Fe, Cr, and Mn; the thickness of the palladium membrane is 0.5 - 50 μm. This method uses a palladium salt solution to perform high-pressure penetration modification on the palladium composite membrane. Under the applied pressure, the palladium salt solution is more likely to penetrate into the interior of the porous stainless steel support. At the non-dense defect sites on the surface of the palladium membrane, metal elements such as Fe, Cr, and Mn in the porous stainless steel support react with the penetrated Pd<supgt;2+< / supgt; under an acidic environment to undergo a displacement reaction. The Pd after the reaction adheres to the defect sites on the surface of the palladium membrane, thereby filling the defects of the palladium composite membrane.

The invention discloses a method for synchronously removing copper and chlorine in zinc hydrometallurgy, which comprises the following steps: S1, taking a pre-copper deposition solution with the pH value of 2.5-3.0, adding iron powder which is 0.9-1.2 times of a theoretical calculation value to carry out a replacement reaction, and carrying out solid-liquid separation to obtain copper slag and a post-replacement solution; and S2, the copper slag obtained in the S1 and the replaced liquid are added into waste electrolyte, the pH is adjusted to range from 1.5 to 2.0, an oxidation-reduction reaction is carried out under the weak acid condition, and cuprous chloride and dechlorinated liquid are obtained. Copper removal and dechlorination are combined into one procedure, and copper removal and dechlorination are realized under a weak acid condition, so that valuable metal recovery and impurity removal of the whole zinc smelting system are improved.

The invention relates to a cyanide-free chemical displacement gold plating solution and a gold plating method, which are particularly suitable for deposition of an ultrathin gold layer (less than or equal to 0.1 mu m) on the surface of a nickel base material. The gold plating solution comprises a buffering agent, gold salt and a double-complexing-agent system composed of L-glutamine and 2-furancarboxylic acid. Amido and amino of L-glutamine synergistically act on the surface of nickel, so that mild activation is realized; furan epoxy atoms in 2-furancarboxylic acid and carboxyl form a steric-hindrance effect, so that gold ion release kinetics is regulated and controlled, and excessive substitution reaction is inhibited. The two synergistically solve the problems of unstable gold plating liquid, uneven coverage and the like in replacement gold plating on the nickel layer, and the obtained gold layer is compact and non-porous, and the gold plating liquid is stable. The process is environment-friendly and is suitable for high-reliability gold plating of the microelectronic packaging nickel substrate.

The application discloses a cutting fluid regeneration method, which comprises the following steps: 100, using an electrolytic device to electrolyze used cutting fluid, so that the chloride ions in the used cutting fluid are adsorbed and gathered on an anode and are oxidized into chlorine gas; 200, passing the used cutting fluid through a hydrogen type cation exchange resin, so that hydrogen functional groups of the hydrogen type cation exchange resin and metal cations in the cutting fluid are subjected to a displacement reaction. The cutting fluid regeneration method can significantly reduce the chloride ion content and the conductivity of the cutting fluid through cooperation of electrolysis and ion exchange, the chloride ion content in the cutting fluid can be reduced by 50-60%, and the same level as that of newly prepared cutting fluid is reached, in addition, the conductivity can be significantly reduced, and the rust resistance of the cutting fluid is improved.

The application provides a preparation method of 1,4-bis(chlorodifluoromethyl)benzene, which comprises the following steps: (1) performing a chlorination reaction on terephthaldehyde, a chlorination reagent and a catalyst to obtain 1,4-bis(dichloromethyl)benzene; (2) performing a fluorine-chlorine displacement reaction on the 1,4-bis(dichloromethyl)benzene obtained in the step (1) and a fluorination reagent to obtain 1,4-bis(difluoromethyl)benzene; (3) performing a reaction on the 1,4-bis(difluoromethyl)benzene obtained in the step (2) and an electrophilic chlorination reagent to obtain the 1,4-bis(chlorodifluoromethyl)benzene. The preparation method has the advantages of simple operation, low toxicity of raw materials, high yield and high purity, solves the problems of difficult scale production, low yield and high toxicity and high cost of raw materials in the prior art, and has great industrial value.

The invention discloses a quantitative characterization method for a mutual diffusion coefficient after a replacement reaction of refractory metal salt and matrix metal. The quantitative characterization method comprises the following steps: (1) preparing a diffusion couple, wherein the prepared diffusion couple structurally comprises the refractory metal salt, the matrix metal and a heat-resistant cladding covering the refractory metal salt and the matrix metal; (2) melting diffusion: heating the diffusion couple prepared in the step (1) to a temperature T, carrying out heat preservation, rapidly cooling after heat preservation is finished, and removing a heat-resistant cladding of the diffusion couple to obtain a diffused alloy material; (3) drawing a'concentration-distance 'curve: surveying and mapping the'concentration-distance' curve of the refractory metal in the matrix metal, wherein the concentration is the mass or volume concentration of the refractory metal at the measurement point; the distance is the distance between the measuring point and the bottommost point of the sample; and (4) calculating the mutual diffusion coefficient through a Boltzmann-Matano method. The method has universality, and is beneficial to standardization of research on dissolution and diffusion behaviors of the refractory metal in the matrix metal melt.