Methods for producing and using polymeric microstructures having a pre-determined geometry (e.g., rectangular prism, cube), and pre-determined surface characteristics are disclosed herein. The polymeric microstructures described herein are particularly useful as microcarriers in cell culture applications because they provide high surface areas, and improved surface/volume ratios over currently available microstructures, and can be manufactured to have pre-determined physiochemical characteristics (e.g., substrate curvature, texture, shape, porosity, surface chemistry) to optimize compatibility with a pre-determined type of cell (e.g., bacterial, animal, mammalian, human) to be cultured. The polymeric microstructures described herein are also particularly useful in tissue engineering (e.g., bone engineering) applications.