The invention relates to a space microgravity environment ground simulation experiment device. The device comprises a foundation, two support posts, a transverse air floating guide rail, a longitudinal air floating guide rail, a slide trolley and a weightless simulation control system. Two support posts are respectively mounted on the foundation horizontally, the transverse air floating guide rail is mounted on the two support posts, the longitudinal air floating guide rail is mounted on the transverse air floating guide rail, the slide trolley is mounted on the longitudinal air floating guide rail, weightless simulation control system is mounted on the slide trolley, and a controller is mounted on the slide trolley. The weightless simulation control system comprises a servo motor, a coiling wheel, a hang spring, a force sensor and an aircraft, the servo motor is connected with the coiling wheel, the coiling wheel is connected with the hang spring, the hang spring is connected with the force sensor, the force sensor is connected with the aircraft, and the controller is respectively connected with the force sensor and the servo motor in an electrical signal manner. The device is simple in structure, high in vividness, convenient to operate, easy to achieve, low in cost, and unlimited in experiment time.