108 results about "Thermal fluctuations" patented technology

A high-frequency oscillation element has a ferromagnetic material which exhibits thermal fluctuation of magnetization and generates spin fluctuations in conduction electrons, a nonmagnetic conductive material which is laminated on the first magnetic material and transfers the conduction electrons, a magnetic material which is laminated on the nonmagnetic conductive material, generates magnetic resonance upon injection of the conduction electrons, and imparts magnetic dipole interaction to magnetization of a neighboring magnetic area by means of magnetic vibration stemming from the magnetic resonance, a first electrode electrically coupled with the first magnetic material, and a second electrode electrically coupled with the second magnetic material.

Radio frequency (RF) connectors and electronics housings and packages employing one or more inventive RF connector(s) provided herein utilize a ground spring to achieve improved conductivity of the ground signal by making a plurality of contacts with a ferrule member of the RF connector's hermetic feedthru and a plurality of contacts with the electronics housing or package at points adjacent to an air dielectric. Ground springs used in connection with the present RF connectors maintain predetermined spring properties under compression and/or extreme environmental conditions, including thermal fluctuations, and therefore may be suitably employed in aircraft and spacecraft.

A method for altering the electromagnetic environment of respiratory tissues, cells, and molecules comprising establishing baseline thermal fluctuations in voltage and electrical impedance at a respiratory target pathway structure depending on a state of the respiratory tissue, configuring at least one waveform to have sufficient signal to noise ratio to modulate at least one of ion and ligand interactions whereby the at least one of ion and ligand interactions are detectable in the respiratory target pathway structure above the established baseline thermal fluctuations in voltage and electrical impedance, generating an electromagnetic signal from the configured at least one waveform; and coupling the electromagnetic signal to the respiratory target pathway structure using a coupling device.

A sensitive and specific method of detecting chemical species, viruses and microorganisms is presented to improve performance of molecular-recognition-based assays utilizing particles decorated with molecular recognition agents such as antibodies and DNA probes, and observing analyte-dependent changes in the response of the particles to forces such as magnetic or gravitational forces or Brownian thermal fluctuations.

A quantum computing device magnetic memory is described. The quantum computing device magnetic memory is coupled with a quantum processor including at least one quantum device corresponding to at least one qubit. The quantum computing device magnetic memory includes magnetic storage cells coupled with the quantum device(s) and bit lines coupled to the magnetic storage cells. Each of the magnetic storage cells includes at least one magnetic junction. The magnetic junction(s) include a reference layer, a nonmagnetic spacer layer, and a free layer. The nonmagnetic spacer layer is between the reference layer and the free layer. The magnetic junction(s) are configured to allow the free layer to be switched between stable magnetic states. The magnetic junction(s) are configured such that the free layer has a nonzero initial writing spin transfer torque in an absence of thermal fluctuations.

An apparatus and method for altering the electromagnetic environment of ophthalmic tissues, cells, and molecules comprising, establishing baseline thermal fluctuations in voltage and electrical impedance at a target pathway structure depending on a state of at least one of the ophthalmic tissue components, configuring at least one waveform to have sufficient signal to noise ratio to modulate at least one of ion and ligand interactions whereby the at least one of ion and ligand interactions are detectable in the target pathway structure above the established baseline thermal fluctuations in voltage and electrical impedance, generating an electromagnetic signal from the configured at least one waveform, and coupling the electromagnetic signal to the target pathway structure using a coupling device whereby enhancing the release of second messengers, such as NO, growth factors and cytokines at the target pathway structure. The use of the within specified electromagnetic waveforms can have particular utility in the prophylactic treatment of ophthalmic tissue and the treatment of ophthalmic diseases such as macular degeneration, glaucoma, retinosa pigmentosa, repair and regeneration of optic nerve prophylaxis and other related diseases that respond positively to the physiological effects of these waveforms.

A magnetic recording medium capable of alleviating thermal fluctuation and improving the recording density includes a functional layer (12) containing a magnetic material, and a recording layer (11) overlying the functional layer and containing a magnetic material. The recording layer contains a plurality of magnetic grains (51) and a nonmagnetic material (52) existing among the magnetic grains, and the functional layer and the recording layer exert exchange coupling interaction in a direction making a substantially orthogonal relation with each other at the room temperature.

An infrared sensor IC and an infrared sensor, which are extremely small and are not easily affected by electromagnetic noise and thermal fluctuation, and a manufacturing method thereof are provided. A compound semiconductor that has a small device resistance and a large electron mobility is used for a sensor (2), and then, the compound semiconductor sensor (2) and an integrated circuit (3), which processes an electrical signal output by the compound semiconductor sensor (2) and performs an operation, are arranged in a single package using hybrid formation. In this manner, an infrared sensor IC that can be operated at room temperature can be provided by a microminiature and simple package that is not conventionally produced.

Embodiments of the invention provide a thermally assisted magnetic recording medium, which can overcome resistance against thermal fluctuation at RT and write capability, obtain a drastic temperature variation in coercive force at right below the recording temperature, and be formed at low temperature. In one embodiment, the medium has a layered structure formed of a lower high-KF ferromagnetic (F) layer formed on a substrate, satisfying T_W<T_C, an intermediate low-K_AF antiferromagnetic (AF) layer satisfying T_B<T_W, and an upper ferromagnetic (F) layer for recording and reproducing, satisfying T_W<T_C, where T_W is a recording temperature, T_C is a Curie point, T_N is a Neel point, T_B is a blocking temperature, K_F is a ferromagnetic magnetocrystalline anisotropy constant, and K_AF is an antiferromagnetic magnetocrystalline anisotropy constant.

A magnetic recording apparatus of a large capacity capable of super-high density recording of 10 Gbits or more per one square inch has a magnetic recording medium prepared by forming a Co alloy magnetic layer by way of an underlayer comprising Co or Cr alloy on a substrate, in which an amorphous or micro crystal seed layer containing at least Ti and Al is disposed between the substrate and the underlayer, the magnetic layer has an h.c.p. structure and is grown to (1.1.0) direction parallel with the substrate, the magnetic recording medium of high coercivity and reduced noises and undergoing less effects of thermal fluctuation being provided because of in-plane orientation of the axis of easy magnetization of the magnetic layer and the reduced size of the magnetic crystal grains and dispersion thereof, combination of the magnetic recording medium and the magnetic head having a read only device utilizing the magnetoresistive effect capable of providing a magnetic recording apparatus having a recording density at 10 Gbits or more per one square inch.

A thermally assisted magnetic recording medium includes a substrate and at least two, i.e., first and second magnetic recording layers. These layers are hard magnetic layers and contain magnetic grains and a non-magnetic substance magnetically segregating the magnetic grains at grain boundaries. The first magnetic recording layer has a magnetic anisotropy energy K_u1, a grain volume v₁, and energy for maintaining its recording magnetization K_u1v₁; the second magnetic recording layer has a magnetic anisotropy energy K_u2, a grain volume v₂, and energy for maintaining its recording magnetization K_u2v₂; and the ratio K_u1v₁/k_BT of K_u1v₁ to a thermal fluctuation energy k_BT, where k_B represents a Boltzmann constant and T represents an absolute temperature, and the ratio K_u2v₂/k_BT of K_u2v₂ to k_BT satisfy the following conditions: K_u1v₁/k_BT is larger than K_u2v₂/k_BT at room temperature, but is smaller than K_u2v₂/k_BT at temperatures around the Curie temperature of the first magnetic recording layer.

This invention is a photon-interactive Gaussian surface lens method means that converts incident photons from a single or a plurality of wide band gap semiconductor class light emitting diode dies, into a secondary emission of photons emanating from a composite photon transparent colloidal stationary suspension of quantum dots, high efficiency phosphors, a combination of quantum dots and high efficiency phosphors and nano-particles of metal, silicon or similar semiconductors from the IIIB and IVB Group of the Periodic Table and any nano-material and/or micro/nano spheres that responds to Rayleigh Scattering and/or Mie Scattering; and a plurality of quantum dots in communication with said nano-particles in said suspension. The patent teaches that utilizing this method means results in improved narrow pass-band of red, green, and blue photon efficiency over phosphor based conversion. Utilizing said invention's methodology, said white resultant colour temperature is stabilized against internal semiconductor thermal fluctuations or ambient thermal variations.

Disclosed are a perpendicular magnetic recording medium with lower medium noise, insusceptible to thermal fluctuation and high recording resolution and a method of manufacturing it. As the step of forming a metal layer at the time of forming a recording layer on a non-magnetic substrate via a plurality of underlayers and the step of forming an oxide layer with an average thickness of 0.2 nm or less are repeated, the crystal grains are magnetically isolated without disturbing the orientation of the crystal grain of the recording layer of the perpendicular magnetic recording medium or without degrading the magnetic characteristic of the crystal grain of the recording layer.

A lightweight inductive device is integrate into at least one therapeutic device to form a whole for treating, however the inductor can be connected to at least one therapeutic device (Step 101). Miniaturized circuitry containing logic for a mathematical model having at least one waveform parameter used to configure at least one waveform to be coupled to a target pathway structure such as molecules, cells, tissues, and organs, is attached to the coil by at least one wire (Step 102). However, the connection can be wireless. The configured waveform satisfies a SNR or Power SNR model so that for a given and known target pathway structure it is possible to choose at least one waveform parameter so that a waveform is detectable in the target pathway structure above its background activity (Step 103), the background activity are the base line thermal fluctuation of the electric voltage and resistor in the target pathway structure, the base line thermal fluctuation depends on the state of the cell and tissue, namely whether the state is at least one of static state, growth, substituting and the response for the scathe. The optimized execution mode of the generated electromagnetic signal includes the burst of the random waveform with at least one waveform parameter, and wherein the components of a plurality of frequencies satisfy the power SNR model. A repetitive electromagnetic signal can be generated for example inductively, from said configured at least one waveform (Step 104). The repetitive electromagnetic signal can also be generated by transmitting. The electromagnetic signal is coupled to a target pathway structure, such as molecule, cell, tissue and organ by output of the inductive apparatus which is integrated by at least one therapeutic device (Step 106).

A temperature control technique and an exposure technique are provided with which high temperature control accuracy can be realized even when a device, which causes thermal fluctuation depending on a temperature-controlled fluid, is used. A gas recovered from a reticle chamber as the temperature control objective, and a high purity purge gas supplied from a gas supply source are mixed in a mixing section. The temperature of the mixed gas is lowered by a refrigerator. Subsequently, the humidity of the gas is measured by a temperature sensor. The gas is then supplied to the reticle chamber via a heating mechanism, a chemical filter which absorbs or generates heat depending on the humidity and a dust protective filter. The heating amount to the gas by the heating mechanism is controlled based on temperature information by a temperature sensor in the reticle chamber and humidity information by the humidity sensor.