286results about How to "Reduce fluctuation" patented technology

Embodiments of the present invention may provide systems and methods for administering a private sector Monetary Authority. The systems and methods may include providing access to End Users; and enabling performance of specialized Roles required for the administration of the system. The systems and methods may be self-contained for creation, holding, circulation and retirement of the Base Money such that outside money or value cannot be transmitted into or out of the system.

The present invention relates to current measurement apparatus. The current measurement apparatus comprises first and second measurement devices with each of the first and second measurement devices being operative to measure current in a respective one of a live conductor and a neutral conductor substantially simultaneously. The current measurement apparatus is operative to make plural different determinations in dependence on the substantially simultaneous current measurements.

An optical connector in which an optical fiber is fixed within a ferrule such that a tip of the optical fiber is disposed at a front end face position of the ferrule. An optical-fiber-positioning hole formed so as to directly extend into the ferrule from an optical connecting orifice formed in the front end face of the ferrule has a diameter greater than a diameter of the optical fiber positioned within the optical-fiber-positioning hole, the optical-fiber-positioning hole having therein a compressible unfixing area for allowing the optical fiber to compress along the optical-fiber-positioning hole, and a fixing area, disposed behind the compressible unfixing area, for fixing the optical fiber to the ferrule.

A vertical support rigidly mounted to a planar base positions and supports a cryocooler expander unit off axis and away from a sample to be examined. The sample support is likewise rigidly mounted to the planar base with a rigidly mounted sample housing therein. The cryocooler expander unit is suspended in the vertical support by spring dampening bearings. A pair of opposing flexible vacuum bellows connects the cryocooler expander unit to the sample housing and vertical support. This configuration isolates the sample from vibration. Flexible thermal links associated with an predictive electronic closed loop control sequence maintains sample temperature.

A three-degrees of freedom (DOF) MEMS inertial micromachined gyroscope with nonresonant actuation with a drive direction, sense direction and a direction perpendicular to the drive and sense directions comprises a planar substrate, a 2-DOF sense-mode oscillator coupled to the substrate operated at a flattened wide-bandwidth frequency region, and a 1-DOF drive mode oscillator coupled operated at resonance in the flattened wide-bandwidth frequency region to achieve large drive-mode amplitudes.

A battery temperature control system, in temperature rise control, sets a maximum chargeable current and a maximum dischargeable current based on detection values of current, voltage, and temperature of a high-voltage battery, and and controls charging/discharging power so that the current of the high-voltage battery does not exceed the maximum chargeable current or the maximum dischargeable current. For this reason, it is possible to prevent the high-voltage battery from abnormal heating and promptly raise its temperature according to change in the internal state of the high-voltage battery. In this control, a plurality of electrical equipment is selectively used. The amplitude of charging/discharging is controlled to reduce vibration noise and driving force fluctuation.

Systems and methods are provided for a payment system for use with base money of one or more alternative currencies. Steps may include administering accounts, each of which belongs to one or more account owners; receiving spend instructions specifying an account-to-account transfer of a quantity of base money from a paying account to a recipient account; receiving spend authorizations for the spend instructions from system users with requisite privileges for the paying account; and executing the authorized spend instruction if they conform to all applicable system rules by crediting the paying account and debiting the recipient account in an atomic transaction that executes in its entirety or not at all. At least one of the one or more alternative currencies may be based on at least one commodity and may be continuously backed by a 100% reserve of the at least one commodity.

The invention features methods compositions and infusion pumps for infusing levodopa prodrugs (e.g., levodopa esters, levodopa amides, levodopa carboxamides, and levodopa sulfonamides) for the treatment of Parkinson's disease.

A four-degrees-of-freedom (DOF) nonresonant micromachined gyroscope utilizes a dynamical amplification both in the 2-DOF drive-direction oscillator and the 2-DOF sense-direction oscillator, which are structurally decoupled, to achieve large oscillation amplitudes without resonance. The overall 4-DOF dynamical system is comprised of three proof masses. The second and third masses form the 2-DOF sense-direction oscillator. The first mass and the combination of the second and third masses form the 2-DOF drive-direction oscillator. The frequency responses of the drive and sense-mode oscillators have two resonant peaks and a flat region between the peaks. The device is nominally operated in the flat regions of the response curves belonging to the drive and sense-mode oscillators, where the gain is less sensitive to frequency fluctuations. This is achieved by designing the drive and sense anti-resonance frequencies to match.

A magnetic recording medium capable of alleviating thermal fluctuation and improving the recording density includes a functional layer (12) containing a magnetic material, and a recording layer (11) overlying the functional layer and containing a magnetic material. The recording layer contains a plurality of magnetic grains (51) and a nonmagnetic material (52) existing among the magnetic grains, and the functional layer and the recording layer exert exchange coupling interaction in a direction making a substantially orthogonal relation with each other at the room temperature.

A noise suppressor for suppressing noise in a source speech signal, where a method utilized by the noise suppressor comprises calculating a signal-to-noise ratio in the source speech signal, calculating a background noise estimate for a current frame of the source speech signal based on said current frame and at least one previous frame and in accordance with the signal-to-noise ratio, wherein the calculating the signal-to-noise ratio is carried out independent from the background noise estimate for the current frame, and subtracting the background noise estimate from the source speech signal to produce a noise-reduced speech signal. The method may also comprise calculating an over-subtraction parameter based on the signal-to-noise ratio, calculating a noise-floor parameter based on the signal-to-noise ratio, wherein the subtracting uses the over-subtraction parameter and the noise-floor parameter to produce the noise-reduced speech signal.

A method of controlling cylinder valve switching between a first valve condition and a second valve condition for transitioning between combustion modes of an engine comprises adjusting timing of a signal to switch between said valve conditions in response to information from a combustion sensor, wherein said combustion modes include spark ignition and homogeneous compression ignition.

Processes for transitioning among polymerization catalyst systems, preferably catalyst systems that are incompatible with each other. In particular, the processes relate to transitioning from olefin polymerizations utilizing metallocene catalyst systems to olefin polymerizations utilizing traditional Ziegler-Natta catalyst systems.

In an internal combustion engine, at least one rotation variable characterizing the rotational movement of a crankshaft is ascertained cylinder-specifically. It is provided that, in an operating state in which differences and/or fluctuations of the rotation variable are basically a function of a combustion position, the instant of a fuel injection is adapted cylinder-specifically in order to reduce the differences and or fluctuations.

In a system to which a fluctuating load is connected, compensating for fluctuation in voltage harmonics at the load connecting point and fluctuation in system current harmonics has been difficult for a power converting device connected in parallel with the load. To resolve the problem, a power converting device connected in parallel with a fluctuating load includes: a Fourier series expansion unit which executes Fourier series expansion to load current by use of a reference sine wave in sync with a system and thereby outputs Fourier coefficients; and a fundamental component calculating unit which calculates a positive phase active fundamental component of the load current from the Fourier coefficients. A current instruction of the power converting device is generated by subtracting the fundamental current from the load current. With the current instruction, the fluctuations in system current harmonics and in voltage harmonics at the connecting point can be compensated for.

Provided is a shunt resistor, which controls an influence of skin effect by high frequency current. The shunt resistor has a rod-shaped resistance body (11), and a pair of main electrode (12), of another material from the resistance body, wherein end faces of the resistance body and the main electrode are bonded. The resistance body (11) has a hole (11a) going through in direction where main electrodes are disposed, or a high resistance part (11b) going through at its axis portion that is highly resistive than outer part, and low resistance part (11c) that is formed in outer of the high resistance part. It is preferable that outer circumference of the resistance body is circle-shaped. Since, current doesn't flow fundamentally in the through hole or the high resistance part, fluctuation band in the current pathway can be reduced. Therefore, change of resistance value by skin effect by high-frequency current can be reduced.

A rack-and-pinion steering apparatus comprises pinion teeth formed according to proper tooth specifications in other aspects under a larger pressure angle, thereby stably offering smooth and comfortable steering feeling over a long time. The module (m), number of teeth (z), tooth depth(h) and helix angle (β) of the pinion teeth (4) are set within the following ranges, under a pressure angle (α) set within a range of 24° to 30° and a given stroke ratio.

• • module (m): 1.8 to 2.0
  • number of teeth (z): 7 to 13
  • tooth depth (h): 2 m to 2.5 m
  • helix angle (β): 350 or smaller

The magnetic recording medium includes an underlayer 12 formed of an inorganic compound layer, and a magnetic layer 13 formed over the underlayer 12. The inorganic compound layer as the underlayer 12 has crystal grains and at least one kind of oxide, the crystal grains having as main elements at least one of cobalt oxide, chromium oxide, iron oxide and nickel oxide, the at least one kind of oxide lying as a non-crystalline phase in grain boundaries between the crystal grains and selected from among silicon oxide, aluminum oxide, titanium oxide, tantalum oxide and zinc oxide.