The invention discloses a lightweight low-
delay quantum key distribution method and
system adaptive to an
electric power scene, and belongs to the technical field of
quantum communication and
electric power communication crossing. The method comprises the steps cooperatively executed by a sending end and a receiving end: the sending end determines a basis vector based on a pre-associated
quantum fingerprint sequence and a
timestamp, sends a key through polarization-phase two-dimensional coding, generates a selection mark and executes privacy amplification; and a receiving end synchronizes a
timestamp to determine a basis vector, compares the basis vector with the quantum
fingerprint to complete
authentication,
decodes through an integrated module, performs collaborative error correction and executes privacy amplification. The
system comprises functional modules of a sending end and a receiving end, is integrated on a miniaturized board card, and supports common-
fiber transmission and protocol conversion. According to the method, the problems of high time
delay, high deployment cost and poor adaptability of the traditional QKD are solved, the end-to-end time
delay is reduced to 14 microseconds, the deployment cost is reduced by more than 60%, the requirements of high safety, low time delay and lightweight deployment of a power
system are met, and the method is suitable for key services such as power dispatching and
relay protection.