55 results about "Oxidizing acid" patented technology

The invention discloses a method for separating and recovering selenium and mercury from acid mud containing selenium and mercury. The method comprises the following steps: mixing the acid mud containing selenium and mercury with water, performing wet ball milling, filtering and drying to obtain a ball milling material; adding a hydrogen peroxide solution into the ball-milled material, adding hydrochloric acid to adjust the acidity, carrying out oxidation acid leaching, and carrying out solid-liquid separation to obtain selenium-containing mercury liquid and selenium-removed mercury slag; adding thiourea into the selenium-containing mercury liquid for selective reduction, and performing solid-liquid separation to obtain crude selenium and reduction liquid; zinc powder is added into the reduction liquid for mercury replacement and precipitation, and crude mercury and precipitation liquid are obtained after solid-liquid separation; wherein the selenium-removed mercury slag and the precipitation solution are subjected to centralized treatment. The method is simple in process, convenient to operate and easy to process, selenium and mercury in the acid mud containing selenium and mercury can be removed at a time, efficient separation and recovery of selenium and mercury in the acid mud containing selenium and mercury are achieved, harmless treatment of hazardous waste and effective utilization of resources are achieved, and the method conforms to the concept of green sustainable development.

The invention provides a preparation method and application of a cellulose-based hard carbon negative electrode material, and belongs to the technical field of sodium ion battery negative electrode material preparation. Comprising the following steps: preparing a strong oxidizing acid solution, adding a cellulose raw material into the prepared solution, carrying out ultrasonic vibration, and uniformly stirring; then adding a long-chain molecular compound into the mixture, and stirring until the mixture is uniformly mixed to obtain a mixed solution; then transferring into a hydrothermal reaction kettle for hydrothermal treatment, and after the hydrothermal reaction kettle is cooled to room temperature, centrifuging, washing and drying a hydrothermal product; and finally, transferring the hydrothermal product into a high-temperature tubular furnace, and performing high-temperature pyrolysis carbonization treatment in an inert atmosphere to obtain the cellulose-based hard carbon negative electrode material. A hard carbon precursor containing a large amount of carbonyl and nitrogen doping is constructed through a hydrolysis competition mechanism, then the hard carbon negative electrode material is prepared through high-temperature pyrolysis carbonization, and the problems of low reversible capacity of biomass derived hard carbon, poor first-week coulombic efficiency, battery performance optimization under extremely high and low temperature conditions and the like are solved.

The invention relates to a method for regulating and deacidifying in a bioleaching process of low-grade copper sulphide ore, aiming at the problem of excessive acid caused by excessive oxidation of pyrite in a dump leaching system, a thiocyanate bactericide is added into the bioleaching system of the low-grade copper sulphide ore, and the thiocyanate bactericide is dissolved in a spray liquid of the bioleaching system, and is added into the spray liquid of the bioleaching system; under the catalytic action of mineral leaching microorganisms, oxidation of ferrous ions is enhanced, so that the oxidation-reduction potential of a solution is increased, oxidation of pyrite is intensified, acid accumulation is excessive, the thiocyanate bactericide can remarkably inhibit the activity of part of sulfur-oxidizing bacteria and even kill part of sulfur-oxidizing bacteria, and therefore the activity of ferrous oxide is reduced; compared with the prior art, the method has the advantages that the sulfur oxidation activity of microorganisms is greatly influenced, but the oxidation influence on iron is relatively small, so that the acid leaching is reduced under the condition that the copper leaching of the copper sulfide ore is not influenced, the copper leaching is not influenced, the acid leaching is reduced, the production cost is reduced, the environmental influence is reduced, and the like.

This invention discloses a method for purifying single-walled carbon nanotubes (SHU). The purification method includes the following steps: mixing crude SHU with a non-oxidizing acid solution in a reaction vessel; introducing gas into the reaction vessel; heating the reaction; and separating the solid and liquid phases to obtain the final product. This invention uses a non-oxidizing acid and gas bubbles to synergistically purify SHU, ensuring effective removal of metallic impurities and amorphous carbon while protecting the SHU from structural damage.

The present invention relates to a method and system for producing an oxidant solution, comprising an electrochemical cell having an anode and a cathode. The method includes the steps of: (i) supplying a feed electrolyte to a reaction zone between the anode and the cathode, wherein the feed electrolyte contains sulfate ions (SO4 2- ) and divalent iron ions (Fe 2+ ) and (ii) in the operation cycle, the raw electrolyte is electrolyzed to produce peroxodisulfate (SO) 2- ) and trivalent iron ions (Fe 3+ and (iii) providing the oxidizing acid solution. The oxidizer solution is preferably used to leach metals from waste materials, including e-waste, and metal-bearing ores.

Methods and systems for removing an acid gas from a flue gas stream are disclosed. The flue gas stream, consisting of an acid gas and an oxidant, are injected into a water scrubber, where they react to oxidize the acid gas, combining with water to form an acidic water stream, which is passed out of the water scrubber while the stripped flue gas stream is deoxygenated to produce a carbon dioxide product stream. The carbon dioxide product stream is dehydrated and the makeup water recycled. Heat from the deoxygenation trim heats the water stream and creates steam.

The invention discloses a method and a device for pre-treating recycled acid liquor to remove oxalate, and the method comprises the following steps: adding oxalic acid and / or soluble oxalate into acid waste liquor to enable reaction liquor to generate new oxalate precipitate, and then carrying out solid-liquid separation to obtain new oxalate filter residue and acid filtrate; the method is characterized by further comprising the following steps: (1) directly carrying out oxidation reaction on the acidic filtrate or carrying out oxidation reaction after blending for at least 2 hours, so that oxalate C2O4 < 2-> or other organic impurities in the acidic filtrate are partially or completely removed through chemical reaction to obtain oxidized acidic filtrate; and (2) directly feeding the oxidized acidic filtrate or feeding the oxidized acidic filtrate into a corresponding circuit board acidic corrosion production line as a regenerated metal corrosion liquid for recycling. According to the method, the oxalate impurity content index or the oxalate impurity and organic matter impurity index in the acidic filtrate obtained through oxalic acid treatment is reduced after oxidation treatment.

The application discloses a method for reducing acid consumption in copper soot treatment and preparing electroplating-grade copper sulfate, and belongs to the technical field of comprehensive utilization of non-ferrous metal resources. The method comprises five steps of oxidizing acid leaching, cooling crystallization, redissolving and one-stage impurity removal, two-stage impurity removal and copper recovery, and refining and recrystallization. The application effectively inhibits copper arsenate precipitation by constructing a high-acid saturated leaching system, realizes the crystallization separation of copper sulfate and leaching solution, thereby avoiding the traditional neutralization and impurity removal process, and significantly reducing alkali consumption. The synergistic precipitation characteristics of arsenic, antimony and bismuth in a strong acid system are utilized to realize efficient enrichment of valuable metals. Two-stage impurity removal is adopted, and copper-containing residues are returned to leaching to reduce copper loss. Calcium impurities are removed by adding crystal seeds to improve the purity of copper sulfate products. The application has the advantages of low acid and alkali consumption, high copper recovery rate, high product added value, simple process flow, strong recycling, etc., and is suitable for resource utilization of copper smelting soot.

The invention discloses a method for efficiently reducing elemental selenium from selenium-containing leachate based on ferrous sulfate, which comprises the following steps: taking the selenium-containing leachate obtained by oxidation and acid leaching, and adjusting the acidity of the leachate to 0.5-1.1 mol / L; ferrous sulfate is added into the acid-adjusted selenium-containing leachate according to the liquid-solid ratio of 2 mL: (1.0-1.4) g for a reduction reaction, the reduction reaction temperature ranges from 70 DEG C to 90 DEG C, the reduction reaction time ranges from 40 min to 80 min, and a reaction product I is obtained; and separating the precipitate of the reaction product I, washing and drying to obtain the elemental selenium. According to the method disclosed by the invention, the elemental selenium is extracted by reducing the selenium-containing leachate by adopting ferrous sulfate, and the reduction rate of selenium can reach 91% or above under limited conditions; under optimized conditions, the selenium reduction rate can reach 95.87%, which is significantly superior to that of existing processes such as a microbiological method.

Methods of making catalytically active metal-triazine treated carbon particles, and the resultant catalytically activated metal-triazine sorbent carbon media. The particles are formed by soaking an activated carbonaceous product in an oxidizing acid solution and exposing the oxidized activated carbon to at least one metal-triazine complex in solution for a time sufficient to form metal-triazine impregnated carbon particles. The impregnated carbon particles are heated in a non-oxidizing atmosphere to render calcined metal-triazine impregnated carbon particles, which are cooled to form catalytically active metal-triazine treated carbon particles that remove chloramines from aqueous solution. The resultant catalytically activated metal-triazine treated carbon particles are formed into filter media and / or blocks for removing at least chloramines from aqueous solution.

The utility model relates to the technical field of waste gas treatment equipment, in particular to a deodorization device for catalytic oxidation of acid-base waste gas, which adopts the technical scheme that the deodorization device comprises a shell, a drawer seat and a guide cylinder, an exhaust pipe is fixedly mounted at the top of the shell, and a gas inlet pipe is fixedly mounted at the bottom of the shell; a flow guide cylinder is fixedly installed in the shell, and three sets of ultraviolet lamp rings are installed in the flow guide cylinder at equal intervals. According to the utility model, the mounting seat and the ultrasonic transducer are arranged in the filter cartridge, and the catalyst or the oxidant is promoted to irregularly jump between the isolation net plates by releasing energy obliquely upwards to the catalyst or the oxidant between the isolation net plates, so that the internal gap of the catalyst or the oxidant is enlarged; the waste gas can normally flow between the catalyst or the oxidizing agent and is in contact with the catalyst or the oxidizing agent to generate catalytic oxidation reaction, so that the treatment effect of the device on the waste gas is kept constant.

This invention discloses a method, product, and application for the separation of astatine-211 in an aqueous phase based on valence state regulation. The method includes: passing a solution of astatine-211 containing a strong oxidizing acid through a sulfur-containing solid support, causing specific adsorption of positively valence astatine-211; eluting with a water-soluble reducing agent to reduce astatine-211 to astatine anions, obtaining an aqueous astatine-211 eluent. The entire process is carried out in the aqueous phase, requiring no organic solvents and avoiding radionuclide volatilization loss due to heating and evaporation. This invention also provides an eluent composition obtained by this method, sodium astatide injection, astatine-211-labeled radiotargeting drugs and their preparation methods, as well as the application of this eluent composition in the preparation of drugs for treating NIS-positive diseases. This invention achieves highly selective separation and mild, rapid elution of astatine-211, and the product exhibits excellent biocompatibility and radiation stability, and can be used directly or after simple activation to prepare targeted α-therapy drugs.

This application discloses a method for detecting the content of elemental metal foreign particles in a positive electrode active material, comprising the following steps: mixing the positive electrode active material to be detected with a first solvent to obtain a first mixture; sieving the obtained first mixture and collecting the first solid component remaining on the sieve after sieving; mixing the obtained first solid component with a weak oxidizing acid solution, an antioxidant, and a corrosion inhibitor solution and reacting to obtain a second mixture; separating the obtained second mixture to obtain a second solid component including elemental metal foreign particles; scanning the obtained second solid component with a scanning device and counting the number of elemental metal foreign particles, and calculating the mass of the elemental metal foreign particles and their content in the positive electrode active material based on the number of elemental metal foreign particles.

This invention relates to a method for smelting nickel-iron alloys, comprising the following steps: the nickel-iron alloy is subjected to oxidative acid leaching to obtain a leaching solution and leaching residue; the obtained leaching solution is subjected to chromium removal to obtain chromium-removed residue and chromium-removed filtrate; a first oxidant, phosphoric acid, and the obtained chromium-removed filtrate are mixed to remove iron to obtain ferric phosphate and an iron-removing solution; a trivalent iron salt is mixed with the obtained iron-removing solution to remove phosphorus to obtain a phosphorus-removing solution and ferric phosphate residue; the obtained phosphorus-removing solution is subjected to impurity removal, and the obtained impurity-removed solution is used to prepare a ternary precursor. The method provided by this invention eliminates the need for extraction, reducing the processing cost of nickel-iron alloys, and also enables the iron in the nickel-iron alloy to be made into battery-grade ferric phosphate, while the nickel can be used to prepare precursors, resulting in high overall benefits.

This invention provides an M with precise atomic number. n Nanocluster catalysts, their preparation methods, and applications. Using Ketjen black as an innovative platform, oxidizing acid treatment was employed to obtain Ketjen black oxide with a surface rich in oxygen-containing functional groups. Utilizing the electrostatic and coordination interactions between its negatively charged surface and the clusters, atomically precise Mo nanocluster catalysts were prepared. n Nanocluster catalysts. The active metal M is highly and stably dispersed on the surface of an oxygen-rich Ketjen black oxide support under electrostatic and coordination interactions. The prepared process is simple and successfully overcomes the problems of easy aggregation and poor stability of nanoclusters during loading. It can be used in selective hydrogenation reactions, exhibiting excellent hydrogenation activity and selectivity, outstanding catalytic performance, easy recovery and reuse, and good stability.

The utility model discloses an anti-corrosion plastic-lined steel pipe which comprises a steel pipe body, a plastic layer is arranged on the inner wall of the steel pipe body, a protective film is wrapped on the steel pipe body, the protective film is made of polypropylene, a plurality of clamping pieces are arranged outside the protective film, each clamping piece comprises a first clamping ring and a second clamping ring, and nuts are tightly arranged on a first clamping column and a second clamping column in a sleeved mode. The steel pipe is wrapped with the protective film, the plastic-lined steel pipe is protected through the protective film, polypropylene is good in thermal stability, good in corrosion resistance and chemical stability, capable of resisting erosion of most chemical substances, not prone to being affected by oxidation, acid-base and other chemical reactions and long in service life, and the protective film can be fixed to the steel pipe through the clamping piece; and meanwhile, disassembly and assembly are convenient, and the protective film is replaced in time.

The invention discloses a comprehensive utilization method of silicon-manganese alloy smelting smoke dust, which belongs to the field of mineral processing and secondary resource comprehensive utilization, and comprises the following steps: adding water into the silicon-manganese alloy smelting smoke dust, stirring for size mixing, carrying out water leaching, recovering soluble K, Rb and other components, filtering, adding water into the filter residue again for size mixing, carrying out low-intensity magnetic separation and high-intensity magnetic separation, and carrying out high-intensity magnetic separation and high-intensity magnetic separation; magnetic Fe minerals and Mn minerals are recovered, a certain amount of non-oxidizing acid is added after ore pulp concentration of magnetic separation tailings is adjusted, Zn, Cu and other heavy metal ions are recovered through acid leaching, after acid leaching tailings are dehydrated, auxiliary materials are added for sintering, and the sintered tailings are returned to a silicon-manganese alloy smelting furnace for secondary smelting. The method is reasonable in process, simple in flow, high in valuable component recycling rate, easy to implement and beneficial to achieving reduction and recycling of the smelting smoke dust from the source.

The application discloses a kind of applied in nonpolar organic system removal divalent mercury ion mercapto activated carbon and preparation method, belong to the technical field of demercuration.The method includes: first, activated carbon is contacted with strong oxidizing acid, and the surface of activated carbon is oxidized and modified, and pre-modified activated carbon is obtained;Afterwards, pre-modified activated carbon is placed in buffer solution, and is activated and handled;Afterwards, amidinothiourea is added to carry out coupling reaction, and activated carbon intermediate is obtained;Activated carbon intermediate is placed in organic solvent system containing mercaptan donor, catalyst and dehydrating agent, and is reacted under sealing and heating condition, introduces mercapto functional group, and obtains crude product modified activated carbon;Crude product modified activated carbon is stabilized by using antioxidant reagent, and is obtained.The mercapto activated carbon prepared by the application can significantly improve the removal efficiency of divalent mercury ion in nonpolar organic system.

This invention discloses a method for purifying 2,5-furandicarboxylic acid (FDCA), belonging to the field of chemical technology. The purification method includes the following steps: crude 2,5-furandicarboxylic acid is subjected to alkali dissolution, oxidation, acidification, stirring, pulping, washing, and drying to obtain pure 2,5-furandicarboxylic acid. In the acidification crystallization process and the pulping and washing process, by selecting appropriate conditions such as the acidification reaction temperature, the oxygen content of the oxidation gas, the pulping and washing temperature, and the pulping and washing time, the purity of the obtained FDCA can reach 99.99%. Moreover, no organic solvents are used, meeting the requirements of polymerization-grade products. Furthermore, and more importantly, the FDCA product obtained by this invention has excellent particle characteristics, high flowability, and high bulk density, which is highly beneficial for downstream polymerization reactions and also facilitates the packaging and transportation of the FDCA product.

This invention discloses a purification method for n-hexane for spectral analysis and a modified activated carbon used in this method, belonging to the field of high-purity organic solvent purification technology. The method includes: chemical pre-neutralization, stepwise pre-dehydration, deep adsorption, and nitrogen-protected precision distillation. Chemical pre-neutralization uses an alkaline solution to remove acidic impurities; stepwise pre-dehydration uses molecular sieves to reduce the moisture content to below 0.015%wt; deep adsorption uses supported oxidatively functionalized modified activated carbon to selectively adsorb unsaturated hydrocarbons and fluorescent impurities; nitrogen-protected precision distillation further separates residual isomers. The modified activated carbon is activated by impregnation with oxidizing acids such as sodium hypochlorite, introducing oxychlorine functional groups onto its surface, resulting in a BET specific surface area ≥1200 m² / g. The product produced by this purification method has a main content ≥99.995%wt, and all optical indicators meet the T / CRIAC0114-2026 spectral grade standard, making it suitable for continuous industrial production.

The invention discloses a method for extracting selenium from selenium-containing acid mud through oxidation acid leaching, which comprises the following steps: adding mixed acid with set acidity into the selenium-containing acid mud and MnO2 in a certain mass ratio, carrying out normal-pressure oxidation leaching to obtain a leaching solution, proportionally adding anhydrous sodium sulfite into the leaching solution to carry out reduction reaction, washing and drying a precipitation product obtained by the reduction reaction, thereby obtaining the selenium from the selenium-containing acid mud. The selenium elementary substance is obtained. Carrying out manganese sulfate recovery on the solution after the reduction reaction, namely adjusting the pH value of the solution to 3-4, and then adding a P204 extracting agent to carry out primary extraction; and taking the water phase after the primary extraction, adding a P204 extraction agent for secondary extraction, taking the manganese-loaded organic phase after the secondary extraction, adding a dilute sulfuric acid solution for back extraction of manganese, and concentrating and drying a product obtained by back extraction to obtain a manganese sulfate solid. The method not only can realize high leaching rate and high recovery rate of selenium, but also has the remarkable characteristic of low energy consumption, can effectively reduce pollutant discharge, and has the advantages of low comprehensive cost of raw materials and few processes.

The invention relates to the technical field of chemical catalysis, in particular to a phosphotungstic acid modified titanium silicalite molecular sieve catalyst and a preparation method and application thereof.According to the catalyst, a titanium silicalite molecular sieve (TS-1) serves as a carrier, phosphotungstic acid (HPW) is loaded through an impregnation method to form a bifunctional active center, then surface hydrophobic modification is conducted through a silanization reagent, and the phosphotungstic acid modified titanium silicalite molecular sieve catalyst is obtained. And an oxidation-acidic concerted catalysis-hydrophobic microenvironment regulation composite system is constructed. According to the method, firstly, a bifunctional active center is constructed by accurately controlling the loading process of phosphotungstic acid on a TS-1 molecular sieve, and then hydrophobic modification is performed on the surface of the catalyst by adopting a silanization reagent, so that the problem of dissolution loss of phosphotungstic acid in the reaction process is effectively solved while the high activity and high selectivity of the catalyst are maintained; and the cycling stability of the catalyst is obviously improved, so that high-selectivity oxidation of cyclopentene to prepare glutaraldehyde is realized.

The invention provides a method for recovering tin and lead in a waste circuit board, and relates to the technical field of resource recovery. The recovery method provided by the invention comprises the following steps: stripping electronic elements on the waste circuit board, crushing, sorting and pouring to obtain a metal plate; the metal plate is subjected to electrolytic copper separation, and then gold separation and silver separation are conducted to obtain mixed slag; stirring and reacting the mixed slag in a composite acid solution, and separating to obtain a lead-containing solution and a tin-containing precipitate; stirring and reacting the tin-containing precipitate in an alkali solution, and separating a tin-containing solution; and respectively desolventizing the tin-containing solution and the lead-containing solution to recover tin and lead. According to the invention, tin and lead in the waste circuit board can be efficiently separated and recovered, and meanwhile, the use of strong oxidizing acid is reduced, so that the pollution to the environment in the recovery process is reduced.

The invention relates to a method for testing tin content in glass, which comprises the following steps: S1, adding hydrochloric acid into a SnO2 standard solution to obtain a sample solution; s2, the sample solution is diluted according to the gradient, chromogenic reactions are carried out in sequence, a standard curve of SnO2 is drawn according to chromogenic reaction results, the X axis is the concentration, and the Y axis is the absorbance; s3, mixing a to-be-detected glass sample with fluorine-containing acid and strong oxidizing acid, heating to decompose the silicate matrix and remove interfering fluoride, cooling, and adding hydrochloric acid to obtain a to-be-detected solution; s4, taking the to-be-detected solution to perform chromogenic reaction, and obtaining the tin content according to the standard curve; in S2 and S4, the chromogenic reaction comprises the following steps: sequentially adding a strong acid reagent, an oxidizing agent, a first reducing agent and a masking agent, then adding a second reducing agent, sequentially adding a quaternary ammonium salt sensitizer and a color developing agent, and standing for chromogenic reaction. The technical scheme provided by the invention is simple and convenient to operate, and can effectively improve the test precision, reduce the detection cost and improve the detection efficiency.

The invention relates to a method for recovering lead salt and a substrate in a waste perovskite device based on an oxidation pickling method. The method comprises the following steps: putting the waste perovskite device into a vacuum plasma cleaning machine for oxidation; preparing an organic weak acid solution with a set concentration; immersing the oxidized waste perovskite device in the organic weak acid solution for ultrasonic treatment; evaporating the obtained lead salt solution to obtain lead salt powder, adding a proper amount of formamidine salt and haloid acid, stirring for a period of time to obtain perovskite powder, and adding isopropanol and diethyl ether to wash and dry perovskite powder crystals to obtain perovskite powder crystals; cleaning the recovered substrate; and the recycled substrate and the perovskite powder are used for preparing the perovskite photovoltaic device again, so that safe, green and low-cost recycling is realized.

The invention belongs to the technical field of hydrometallurgy, and particularly discloses a method for decomposing nickel-molybdenum-iron alloy, which comprises the following steps of: performing sulfuric acid curing treatment on the nickel-molybdenum-iron alloy in advance, and then performing water leaching to obtain water leaching liquid enriched with Ni and Fe and water leaching residues containing residual metals including Mo; and then the water leaching residues are subjected to oxidation acid leaching treatment, and acid leaching liquid containing residual metal and acid leaching residues are obtained. Based on the technology, efficient and low-cost decomposition of valuable metal in the nickel-molybdenum-iron alloy and preliminary separation of molybdenum and iron nickel are facilitated, and conditions are created for subsequent separation, purification and enrichment of nickel and molybdenum and product preparation.

The invention provides a harmless and resourceful treatment method for a high-arsenic rare noble metal material, and belongs to the technical field of noble metal refining. The treatment method comprises the following steps that S1, oxidation acid leaching is conducted on the high-arsenic rare and precious metal material, then solid-liquid separation is conducted, and arsenic-containing acid leaching liquid and arsenic-containing leaching residues are obtained; s2, carrying out catalytic reduction reaction on the arsenic-containing acid leachate to separate out arsenic in the solution in the form of elemental arsenic, and separating to obtain crude elemental arsenic and arsenic-removed liquid; s3, the arsenic-containing leaching residues are subjected to oxygen-enriched reduction smelting, arsenic in the arsenic-containing leaching residues is fixed in an arsenic-iron alloy phase, arsenic-iron white matte is formed, and meanwhile precious metal is enriched; and S4, extracting from the arsenic-removed liquid, and carrying out electrodeposition to recover scattered metal indium. Through close cooperation of the steps, the operation is relatively simple and convenient, the procedures are closely connected, and the method has a good industrial application prospect.

The invention provides a single crystal ternary material and a preparation method and application thereof, the preparation method comprises the following steps: mixing a lithium source and a ternary precursor, and carrying out first sintering in an oxygen atmosphere to obtain a primary sintering material; the first sintering comprises first temperature rise, second temperature rise, third temperature rise, first temperature reduction and second temperature reduction which are carried out in sequence; and mixing an inorganic non-oxidizing acid and the primary sintering material, and performing secondary sintering in an oxygen atmosphere to obtain the single-crystal ternary material. The preparation method comprises the following steps: carrying out gradient sintering on a mixture of a lithium source and a ternary precursor in an oxygen atmosphere to obtain a primary sintering material, uniformly mixing an inorganic non-oxidizing acid and the primary sintering material, and carrying out secondary sintering in the oxygen atmosphere to prepare the single crystal ternary material with good dispersibility, low cation mixing and low residual alkali.

This disclosure relates to a graphene oxide-based composite material, its preparation method, and its uses. The method includes: S1, mixing graphite, potassium permanganate, and a strong oxidizing acid to obtain a mixture; S2, heating the mixture, and then subjecting the heated material to microwave calcination. The preparation method of this disclosure uses a microwave calcination process to reduce graphene oxide. No water is added during the entire preparation process, thus avoiding wastewater discharge and NO emissions. x To address a range of issues, including emissions, the resulting redox graphene-based composite material exhibits excellent desulfurization performance.

A method of processing a diamond to obtain vacancy-based defects and vacancy-based clusters includes the steps of: providing an artificial single-crystal diamond with {001} faces, the artificial single-crystal diamond having a substitutional nitrogen concentration above or equal to 100 parts per million; conditioning surfaces of the diamond by boiling under reflux of a solution comprising nitric, sulphuric, and an oxidizing acid, such as perchloric acid or hydrogen chloride; irradiating the diamond with neutrons; conditioning the surfaces of the diamond at a temperature above or at least 100° C., under a constant gas flow with a pressure above or equal to atmosphere pressure, such as at least 1 bar; annealing the diamond, thereby obtaining a diamond with vacancy-based defects and vacancy-based clusters. A system for processing a diamond utilizes the method.