The invention relates to the field of buildings and building materials and provides a cement-based consumable for three-dimensional printing and a preparing method thereof. The cement-based consumable is mainly prepared from cement, quartz sand, active filler, a toughening agent, a water-retaining agent, a dispersing agent, a set-controlling admixture, chopped fibers and water. By the adoption of the cement and additive compounding technology, the key problem of three-dimensional printing is solved, namely, suitable setting time and early strength of the material are ensured, and collapse or deformation in the printing process is avoided; meanwhile, bonding strength between layers is ensured. By using the material for printing the buildings or the building materials, the advantages of saving labor and materials, saving energy, utilizing waste, resisting vibration, being durable, ensuring project quality and the like can be achieved.