The invention relates to a
solvent-free low-density phenolic
aerogel and a preparation method thereof, and belongs to the field of nano-porous materials. A matrix of the phenolic
aerogel comprises the following components in parts by
mass: 100 parts of phenolic resin, 0.01-15 parts of a
foaming agent and 1-20 parts of a curing agent. Through an in-situ foaming-curing synergistic process under a
solvent-
free system, the matching of the foaming temperature and the curing
system is realized, and the phenolic
aerogel of which the density is less than 1.0 g / cm < 3 > and the carbon residue rate at 800 DEG C is greater than or equal to 50% is prepared. No
solvent exists in the whole process, the
foaming agent is decomposed to produce gas to directly construct pores, pore
structure collapse and solvent residues caused by solvent volatilization are avoided, and meanwhile, the use of special equipment, a complex
drying process and the
environmental protection problem are avoided. The preparation method is simple, the production period is short, the micro-pore structure can be flexibly designed and regulated, and the method has remarkable advantages in the fields of
aerospace thermal protection and
extreme environment thermal insulation, can meet the ultra-high-temperature service requirement and has wide application prospects.