39 results about "Convective diffusion" patented technology

A composition and method for inducing bone growth and healing is provided. The composition is useful for promoting new bone synthesis, and to enhance the mechanical stability and longevity of orthopaedic implants. The composition includes a bone endogenous material which is used as raw material for the body's natural osteogenic mechanism to synthesize new bone. The composition has a flow phase and a congealed phase. The composition is applied, in the flow phase, within the reamed medullary canal of a long bone prior to insertion of an endoprosthesis. Following insertion of the endoprosthesis, the composition undergoes a phase change to the congealed phase, for example via cross-linking of the bone endogenous material in the composition, to provide a compliant barrier layer in the intra-medullary gap between the implanted endoprosthesis and the medullary canal wall. The resulting barrier layer has a dual mode porosity system, having a first order porosity to accommodate and promote convective diffusion of nutrient species into and through the barrier layer, and a second order porosity to accommodate osteoblastic migration therein without the need for osteoclastic resorption. Osteoblasts synthesize new bone using the barrier layer itself as raw material, essentially osteoconverting the barrier layer into synthesized new bone. In a preferred embodiment, the second order porosity is provided via a rapidly degrading polymer added to the composition, which has a half-life for degradation of 1-60 days.

The invention provides a process and a device for movably adsorbing poisonous and harmful substances in natural water areas. The movable adsorption process comprises that: when a river is polluted by poisonous and harmful substances and needs to be treated, firstly, the polluted water area is isolated from the unpolluted water area; and secondly, the adsorbing materials capable of adsorbing poisonous and harmful substances are dragged to move in the water body of the polluted water area for movable adsorption, so that the aim of quickly purifying water is achieved. The movable adsorption device comprises a movable adsorption unit module consisting of a bracket, adsorbing materials and floaters, wherein the adsorbing materials are put in meshed bags which are staggered and hanged on the bracket, and the bracket is connected with the floaters. The process and the device have the advantages that the concentration diffusion adsorbing path is short; the movement of the movable adsorption device improves the convective diffusion efficiency and further enhances the adsorption mass transfer effect, so that the contents of the poisonous and harmful substances in the water body can be effectively reduced in a short period of time.

The invention relates to a rapid solution construction method for a rock salt cavity, belonging to the field of salt deposit solution mining and rock salt cavity reservoir controlled solution construction. The method is characterized in that the method comprises the following steps that: (1) a single well is drilled from ground to a target deposit; (2) after a pipe string system is installed according a conventional method, direct and reverse circulating solution can be conducted to construct a cavity through a water filling pipe string system and a water draining pipe string system; and (3) in the process of direct and reverse circulating solution to construct the cavity through water filling and water draining, according to the variation of the size and the dimension of the cavity, the positions of water filling pipe columns and water draining pipe columns and the spacing thereof are adjusted in time to keep the migration velocity of fluid near the wall of the cavity and the rock salt solution velocity to be highest. Since the positions of water filling pipe columns and water draining pipe columns and the spacing thereof are scientifically adjusted to increase the convective diffusion velocity of solution near the wall of the cavity and to further increase the rock salt solution velocity and the cavity construction velocity, the goals of economic rock salt resource mining and high-efficiency rapid low-cost rock salt cavity construction are reached. The method is an ideal method for high-efficiency mining of rock salt and rapid solution construction of rock salt cavity reservoirs.

The invention provides a connecting rod fluctuation type adsorption device applied to sudden water contamination emergency treatment. A rocker transmission device is fixed on a water floating device and fixedly connected with the top ends of connecting rods, so that the connecting rods can be fluctuate up and down by driving the rocker device; granular adsorption materials are filled in a rectangular filter bag in a half filling state; and four corners of the filter bag are respectively fixed on four connecting rods through coupler locks. According to the connecting rod fluctuation type adsorption device, convective diffusion is strengthened by fluctuating and oscillating the adsorption materials in the filter bag, so that the adsorption materials in the filter bag are fluidized to a certain extent, and a remarkably contamination removing effect can be achieved. When the device is used for removing organic matters or toxic and hazard matters such as heavy metal out of a water body, the contact opportunity of the adsorption materials in the filter bag and organic matter or toxic and hazard matters such as heavy metal can be greatly increased, the adsorption area of the whole device in water can be increased, and the content of organic matter or toxic and hazard matters such as heavy metal in the water body can be reduced in a short period.

The invention, which belongs to the technical field of establishment of an underground salt cavern gas storage, discloses a physical simulation apparatus and method of convection and diffusion of a salt-cavern gas storage cavity. The physical simulation apparatus comprises a simulation box, a displacement pump, a discharge pipe, a conductivity meter, a shooting device opposite to the simulation box, a cavity construction tubular column and a computer. The displacement pump and the discharge pipe are connected to the cavity construction tubular column; a first flowmeter is connected between the displacement pump and the simulation box; a second flowmeter is also arranged at the discharge pipe; and the shooting device, the first flowmeter, and the second flowmeter are connected to the computer by an operable way. According to the invention, simulation of various working conditions is carried out in the simulation box; fresh water is injected into the displacement pump and the discharge pipe discharges brine to make convection and diffusion phenomena, thereby reflecting the working condition and environment of the cavity construction process of the salt cavern gas storage actually. Therefore, the method and process parameters that are obtained based on the simulation apparatus and method and are used for accelerating a rock salt cavity construction speed become true and accurate, thereby improving the cavity construction speed and the cavity shape controlling beneficially.

The invention discloses a polar plate of a fuel cell, wherein, one surface of the polar plate is provided with a channel, the channel comprises two groups of intake channels and one group of outgassing channels, the two groups of intake channels are respectively positioned at the two sides of the outgassing channel, a separator is arranged between the each group of intake channels and the outgassing channel, and the separator separates the intake channel from the outgassing channel so as to impel gas to enter a gas diffusion layer adjacent to the separator in a compulsory convective way. The arrangement of the two groups of intake channels and the separator can effectively reinforce the compulsory convective diffusion effect of flows in the channel of the polar plate, can carry away surplus moisture accumulated in the gas diffusion layer, and can increase the generation efficiency of the fuel cell.

The invention relates to a welded tube for calorizing and laser short processing. The welded tube is prepared from the following processing steps of carrying out thermal treatment on the surface of the welded tube in an aluminizing manner, wherein an Al atom and an Fe atom are subjected to physical and chemical change by convective diffusion and thermal diffusion to form a Fe-Al alloy layer at the surface of the welded tube, and then preparing the welded tube by laser shock processing. The welded tube disclosed by the invention is small in surface roughness and good in abrasive resistance.

The invention relates to a method and a system for determining a convective heat dissipation coefficient. The method comprises the following steps: establishing a friction pair numerical model; performing friction pair thermal environment engineering calculation under different braking conditions according to the friction pair numerical model to obtain a thermal environment calculation result; determining a test piece structure and a model material according to a thermal environment calculation result; establishing a virtual friction pair FEM heat transfer model; determining a friction pair bench test working condition; establishing a friction pair CFD model under different brake conditions according to the friction pair bench test conditions; performing sequential coupling calculation onthe virtual friction pair FEM heat transfer model and the lower friction pair CFD model to obtain a coupling calculation result; comparing the coupling calculation result with a real test result to obtain a comparison result; judging whether the comparison result is within a preset range; if yes, outputting a convective heat dissipation coefficient, and ending the operation; and if not, correctingthe CFD model of the friction pair. According to the method, the convection heat dissipation coefficient with high precision can be rapidly obtained.

The invention relates to the technical field of infrared sensors, in particular to an infrared SF6 sensor device relevant to an NDIR (Non-Dispersive Infrared Analyzer) using an infrared spectrum absorption principle and a method. The infrared SF6 sensor device comprises an optical cavity, an MEMS (Micro-Electromechanical System) light source, an infrared detector, a detector circuit board and a main circuit board, wherein the optical cavity comprises an inner light tube, a breathable film and a jacket shell; the sensor optical cavity is of a convective diffusion structure and a double-layer breathable film structure; a main circuit board circuit comprises a power supply management circuit and a sensor infrared light source driving circuit; the sensor infrared light source driving circuit adopts a constant-power driving way; the main circuit board is provided with an output interface UART, an RS-485 serial communication circuit and a 4-20mA transmitter circuit. The device adopts a convective diffusion design, so that the response time is short; the double-layer breathable film is designed with short response time, so that the moisture interference capability is enhanced; the constant-power driving circuit is adopted, and an instrument amplification form is adopted for detector signal amplification, so that the long-term stability of analogue signals of a module on hardware is enhanced; various output interfaces are provided, so that the compatibility is high.

The invention belongs to the technical field of thermology, and in particular relates to a thermal phantom adjusting and control method based on a porous medium. In combination with a Fourier law anda Darcy law, the method in the invention is used for describing heat conduction and heat convection processes; by utilization of the equation formal consistency of the heat conductivity and the permeability in a steady state condition, the expression of the equivalent permeability is obtained based on an efficient media theory; then, heat convective diffusion is generated by establishing a pressure field and a temperature field; a simple core-shell structure is utilized; three thermal phantom functions including heat transparent, heat accumulation and heat invisible cloak can be realized by adjusting and controlling the radial and tangential values of the permeability and the heat conductivity of a shell; and simultaneously, distribution of the temperature field and a heat flow field before the background is not changed. Compared with other thermal phantom adjusting and control methods in the heat convective diffusion process, the method in the invention is simple in structure and relatively flexible and feasible; furthermore, the singularity and the uniformity of a material are solved; and thus, the method in the invention has better practical application.

The present invention belongs to the technical field of natural gas resource development and CO2 emission reduction, and is characterized in that: the device mainly includes a CT (computed tomography) system, a fluid injection system, a gas analysis system and a data acquisition and processing system, a high pressure resistant sand filling stone core tube is arranged in a CT instrument in the CT system, according to the method, CT is used for real-time measuring of density change of a fluid in a porous media, by combination of CO2-CH4 mixture state equation, concentration change distribution of the components in the porous media can be obtained, and on the basis of theory of convective diffusion, by use of finite difference method, the dispersion coefficient in the porous media can be directly obtained. The effects and benefits are that: the CT instrument can be used for nondestructive and real time measurement of micro-pore structure and density change of the fluid in the porous media for further obtaining the dispersion coefficient in the porous media, visually and quantitatively descript CO2-CH4 dispersion process in the porous media, and more accurately revealing the CO2-CH4 dispersion process rule in the porous media.

The invention discloses a water age measurement method for a semi-closed water area. The method comprises the following steps that: firstly, establishing the hydrodynamic force mathematical model of awater area to be measured; through the hydrodynamic force mathematical model, calculating the water depth and flow velocity information of each water quality point of the water area to be measured; constructing a convective diffusion mathematical model, and setting the boundary condition of the convective diffusion mathematical model; according to the hydrodynamic force mathematical model, calculating to obtain the water level and flow velocity information of each position of the area to be measured and the boundary condition of the convective diffusion mathematical model; calculating the concentration values of a conservative substance p and a non-conservative substance r of each moment of each water quality point of the area to be measured through the convective diffusion mathematical model; according to the concentration values of a conservative substance p and a non-conservative substance r of each moment of each water quality point of the area to be measured, calculating the instantaneous water age of each corresponding moment of each water quality point of the area to be measured; and finally, according to the instantaneous water age of each corresponding moment of each water quality point of the area to be measured, calculating a time average water age in each time period of each water quality point of the water area to be measured. By use of the method, the water age of the semi-closed water area can be efficiently, conveniently and accurately calculated.

Alkaline / surfactant / polymer combinational flooding is an important tertiary oil recovery technology, and the invention provides an alkaline / surfactant / polymer combinational flooding optimization method based on parallel self-regulation differential evolution in order to scientifically formulate a development scheme and obtain better economic benefits. According to the method provided by the invention, firstly, a net present value is taken as a performance index, a seepage equation of an oil phase and an aqueous phase and a convective diffusion adsorption equation of alkaline, surfactant and polymer are taken as governing equations, a flooding agent coordination equation, a physicochemical parameter algebraic equation and a flooding agent boundary condition are taken as constraint equations, and the injection concentration of each flooding agent is taken as an optimization variable to establish an optimization model; secondarily, in order to improve the global and local search capability of a traditional differential evolution algorithm, improve a rate of convergence, and avoid entering local optimum, a parallel strategy is introduced into an evolutionary process and self regulation is carried out on a zoom factor, so that a new parallel self-regulation differential evolution algorithm is introduced; and finally, the algorithm is utilized to optimize the injection concentration of an alkaline / surfactant / polymer combinational flooding model so as to obtain an optimal injection and recovery strategy.

The invention discloses a method for separating an immune globulin antibody. The method comprises the following steps: 1, diluting a raw material containing immune globulin by using a buffer solution of which the pH value is 4.0-8.0 and deionized water to obtain a loading fluid; 2, sampling the preprocessed loading fluid to a crystal gel column at the flow rate of 0.1-20cm / min to carry out adsorption; 3, with the deionized water or the buffer solution of which the pH value is 4.0-8.0 as the washing fluid, flushing un-adsorbed impurities inside the crystal gel column; and 4, with the buffer solution of which the pH value is 4.0-8.0 and contains 0.01-4M of alkali metal salt as an eluent, carrying out gradient elution, and collecting an eluting peak containing the immune globulin to obtain the immune globulin. According to the method for separating immune globulin, which is disclosed by the invention, the used anion exchange type crystal gel medium has ultra-large pores, realizes convective diffusion inside the pores and high-purity IgG (immunoglobulin G) separation, and is high in mass transfer efficiency; the method disclosed by the invention is simple in craft process, good in adaptability and low in extraction cost.

The invention relates to a sugar liquid evaporator with sharp expansion and accelerated flow converging-diverging tubes inserted with twisted leaves. The sugar liquid evaporator is characterized in that: the sugar liquid evaporator comprises a cylindrical shell, and an upper steam chamber, an upper tube plate, sharp expansion and accelerated flow converging-diverging tubes inserted with twisted leaves, a central downcomer, a lower tube plate and a lower head which are sequentially arranged in the cylindrical shell, wherein the axis of the central downcomer is coincident with the axis of the cylindrical shell; and the bottom of the lower head is provided with a tube side sugar liquid outlet and a tube side sugar liquid inlet, the top of the upper steam chamber is provided with a tube side secondary steam outlet, and a shell side primary steam inlet and a shell side condensed water outlet are arranged on the cylindrical shell between the upper tube plate and the lower tube plate. By utilizing the local intelligent repeated displacement and the disturbance of periodic converging-diverging rib surfaces and the inserted twisted leaves of the converging-diverging tubes to main flows in the tubes and fluids close to walls of the tubes in the sugar liquid evaporator, the sugar liquid evaporator allows the concentration and the viscosity of the sugar liquid which is on a channel section and is obtained by the flow boiling evaporation under natural convection conditions to be uniformly distributed, the convective heat transfer coefficient and the convective diffusion capability of the fluids in the tubes to be substantially improved, a phenomenon that concentration distributions and concentration distributions of the sugar liquid at central fluid parts and at places close to the walls are not uniform to be improved, and the wall area scale of the sugar liquid to be reduced.

The invention relates to a microporous grid plate separation type multi-tissue culture dish. The microporous grid plate separation type multi-tissue culture dish comprises a tissue culture dish, a microporous screen embedding-type lobulated grid plates and a dish cover and is prepared from high-purity protogenic polystyrene accordant with USP (United States Pharmacopoeia) class VI standards in a once forming manner. According to the microporous grid plate separation type multi-tissue culture dish, different tissue cells can be dispersed and inoculated in different partitioned cells; and by adopting microporous grid plates, the leakage and the mixing of the cells in the different partitioned cells are avoided, the cross contamination is further avoided, and meanwhile, the free osmosis and convective diffusion of fluid nutrient media are permitted, so that metabolic products of the cells in the different partitioned cells in a same culture system can be interchanged to finish a synergistic activation effect, the efficient and independent multiplication, recovery and separation of target amplification cells are facilitated, the pollution is reduced, and the efficiency is improved.

The invention discloses a manufacturing method of an MOS control thyristor. The manufacturing method comprises the following steps: 1) forming an n drift region on the epitaxy of a substrate; 2) forming an n region in the active region; 3) forming a gate oxide layer; 4) depositing a polycrystalline silicon layer and carrying out phosphorus doping; 5) forming a p base region and a terminal p-type field limiting ring; 6) forming an n+ cathode region; 7) forming an n body region and a terminal n-type cut-off ring; 8) forming a p++ source region; 9) flattening the surface; 10) forming a metalizedcathode and a metalized grid electrode; 11) removing the substrate, and taking a transition region formed by convective diffusion between the substrate and the ndrift region as an nFS layer; 12) forming a p+ anode region; 13) forming a multi-layer metallized anode A; 14) forming a cathode and gate pressure welding area isolation pattern and a terminal passivation film; and 15) completing surface protection of the terminal region. The MOS control thyristor manufactured by adopting the method provided by the invention can meet the requirements of the fields of pulse power and solid-state circuitbreakers.

The invention provides a novel car paint stirring paddle, which comprises a middle stirring shaft. The stirring shaft is coaxially and fixedly connected to a round disc. Blades are uniformly and fixedly arranged along the periphery of the round disc. The vertical cross section of each blade is in a leaf shape. The periphery of each blade is a curved surface. The middle of each blade is provided with a socket. Through the sockets, the blades and the round disc are fixedly connected. The flat blades are converted into cured blades. The result of a flow field simulation test shows that compared with original blades, the energy consumption is reduced, and a large shearing speed and a strong body convective diffusion performance are obtained.

The invention provides a drainage basin water environment simulation method and device, and the method comprises the following steps: carrying out the grid division of a to-be-predicted drainage basin according to a preset water depth threshold value, taking a grid with the water depth lower than the preset water depth threshold value as a non-submerged grid, and taking a grid with the water depth greater than the preset water depth threshold value as a submerged grid; connecting the land model and the water body model by taking a boundary between the non-submerged grid and the submerged grid as a coupling dynamic boundary; for the non-submerged grids, a land model is adopted to simulate the generation of pollutants on the land and the transportation process of the pollutants along with runoff; for the submerged grid, taking pollutant load distribution data of a non-submerged area as a calculation condition, and simulating a convective diffusion process of pollutants in a water body by adopting a water body model; and according to the water depth data, carrying out grid division on the to-be-predicted drainage basin again. The method can solve the problems that an existing water environment simulation method splits watershed water-land hydrology and water quality response processes, is not scientific enough, and is low in calculation precision.

The invention discloses a design method of an encircled harbor area water exchange passage. The method comprises the following steps: on the basis of an established and verified two-dimensional tide numerical model, adding a convective-diffusion module to calculate a material transmission process; evaluating and analyzing the water exchange effect of the harbor area by virtue of the calculating convective-diffusion module; analyzing key factors determining the water exchange capacity of the encircled harbor area as well as a water exchange passage selecting principle; constructing single-passage and multi-passage harbor area water exchange effect researches; and forming the design method of the encircled harbor area water exchange passage. By simulating the construction of encircled harbor areas in different engineering schemes, the design method disclosed by the invention can analyze the water exchange effects of the encircled harbor areas, discover the key factors determining the water exchange capacity of the encircled harbor areas as well as the water exchange passage selecting principle, and research the single-passage and multi-passage water exchange effects of harbor area construction.

The invention discloses a silting risk assessment method for a deep sewage conveying tunnel, which comprises the following steps: step A, obtaining a flow velocity process line and an SS concentration process line of the sewage conveying tunnel by adopting an SWMM hydrodynamic model and an SS convective diffusion model; b, calculating the deposition thickness of the pipeline; c, formulating a silting risk weight table; d, according to the SWMM hydrodynamic model of the sewage conveying tunnel and the deposition thickness, the pipeline flow velocity and the SS concentration calculated by the deposition model, inquiring a deposition risk weight table, and obtaining the risk levels of the three risk items; and e, finally, calculating the silting risk value of the deep tunnel according to the risk levels and the weight assignments of the three types of risk items. The method needs fewer parameters, is high in calculation speed, does not need historical desilting data support, can be suitable for a special application scene of the sewage deep tunnel, evaluates the pipe section with higher silting risk in the operation of the sewage deep tunnel, and guides the deep tunnel water diversion desilting work to be carried out in a targeted manner.

The invention discloses a plate and tube type refrigerator efficient condenser. The plate and tube type refrigerator efficient condenser comprises a heat dissipation fixing plate, a micro-channel tube and a superheated steam inlet tube, wherein the micro-channel tube is fixed to the heat dissipation fixing plate and comprises an upper integrated tube, a lower integrated tube and vertical tube bundles, the superheated steam tube is communicated with the upper integrated tube, and a condensate outlet is formed in the lower integrated tube; the vertical tube bundles are composed of straight tube sections and S-shaped tube sections. Through reasonable tube bundle design and spatial structure design, pressure drop difference inside a condenser pipe is effectively reduced, meanwhile, convective diffusion efficiency is improved, materials are saved, the cost is lowered, and heat dissipation and cooling efficiency is high.

The invention discloses a multifunctional tap water dechlorination device. The whole device comprises the multiple parts of a dechlorination cavity body, a connecting port, speed variation grids, a functional box and a buffering box, the connecting port, the speed variation grids, the dechlorination cavity body, the function box and the buffering box are sequentially connected from top to bottom,wherein the connecting port is connected with a water tap, tap water from the water tap passes through the connecting port and flows into the speed variation grids, multiple small holes are formed inthe speed variation grids, convective diffusion is formed after the tap water passes through the speed variation grids, then the tap water flows into the dechlorination cavity body and flows into thefunction box after dechlorination filtering is conducted on the tap water by the dechlorination cavity body, multiple additive substances with different functions are placed in the functional box, functional substances are carried by the tap water flowing out of the functional box, and the tap water is buffered by the buffering box and smoothly flows out. According to the device, the functional substances can be added according to the demand of tap water with higher quality of a user on the basis that the tap water is completely purified.

The invention discloses a quantitative evaluation method for the aperture of a porous membrane. The method comprises the following steps: firstly, measuring convective permeability coefficients of membrane materials with different molecular weight cutoff and a membrane material to be measured, then establishing a linear relationship between a molecular weight cutoff Mw and a convective permeability coefficient Ld of the membrane material, finally substituting the convective permeability coefficient of the membrane material to be measured into a relational expression between the Mw and the Ld,and further obtaining the convective diffusion coefficient Mw of the membrane. The method can greatly reduce the use amount of a test reagent, shorten the test time and reduce the test flow, does notneed an expensive evaluation device, and has good application values in quantitative evaluation of the aperture of porous membranes such as ultrafiltration membranes and ultrafiltration forward osmosis membranes.

The invention discloses a topology optimization method for a convection heat dissipation structure that can avoid the attachment of boundary materials, and relates to the field of structural topology optimization design. It is characterized in that the method includes the following steps: step 1, establishing a convection heat dissipation simulation model; step 2, establishing Topological optimization model of convective heat dissipation structure; step 3, update the design variables of the topology optimization model of convective heat dissipation structure by using the moving asymptote algorithm, judge convergence, if not converged, repeat steps 2 and 3, if converged, output the optimization result. The method proposed by the present invention can accurately characterize the convective heat dissipation related to the structure boundary without establishing a fluid model, avoid the wrong application of heat convective load in the topology optimization process, and avoid the convective heat dissipation structure topology optimization based on the relative density gradient of the unit. Boundary material adhesion effects can avoid tedious and time-consuming thermo-fluid simulations.

The invention relates to a rapid solution construction method for a rock salt cavity, belonging to the field of salt deposit solution mining and rock salt cavity reservoir controlled solution construction. The method is characterized in that the method comprises the following steps that: (1) a single well is drilled from ground to a target deposit; (2) after a pipe string system is installed according a conventional method, direct and reverse circulating solution can be conducted to construct a cavity through a water filling pipe string system and a water draining pipe string system; and (3) in the process of direct and reverse circulating solution to construct the cavity through water filling and water draining, according to the variation of the size and the dimension of the cavity, the positions of water filling pipe columns and water draining pipe columns and the spacing thereof are adjusted in time to keep the migration velocity of fluid near the wall of the cavity and the rock salt solution velocity to be highest. Since the positions of water filling pipe columns and water draining pipe columns and the spacing thereof are scientifically adjusted to increase the convective diffusion velocity of solution near the wall of the cavity and to further increase the rock salt solution velocity and the cavity construction velocity, the goals of economic rock salt resource mining and high-efficiency rapid low-cost rock salt cavity construction are reached. The method is an ideal method for high-efficiency mining of rock salt and rapid solution construction of rock salt cavity reservoirs.

The invention relates to the technical field of alloy material manufacturing, in particular to a high-strength heat-resistant magnesium alloy smelting method and a smelting structure. After magnesium ingots are melted, magnesium-rare earth intermediate alloy and magnesium-zirconium intermediate alloy are added separately, and the magnesium-rare earth intermediate alloy is added in batches at 780-800 DEG C, so that flowability of the intermediate alloy is improved; stirring is conducted in the adding process so that alloy smelt in a smelting furnace can achieve combination of convective diffusion, eddy diffusion, atomic diffusion and the like, and it is guaranteed that alloy elements are evenly distributed and mixed; solvents are added so that the solvents can make full contact with the alloy, and the slag removing effect is improved.

The invention discloses a design method of an encircled harbor area water exchange passage. The method comprises the following steps: on the basis of an established and verified two-dimensional tide numerical model, adding a convective-diffusion module to calculate a material transmission process; evaluating and analyzing the water exchange effect of the harbor area by virtue of the calculating convective-diffusion module; analyzing key factors determining the water exchange capacity of the encircled harbor area as well as a water exchange passage selecting principle; constructing single-passage and multi-passage harbor area water exchange effect researches; and forming the design method of the encircled harbor area water exchange passage. By simulating the construction of encircled harbor areas in different engineering schemes, the design method disclosed by the invention can analyze the water exchange effects of the encircled harbor areas, discover the key factors determining the water exchange capacity of the encircled harbor areas as well as the water exchange passage selecting principle, and research the single-passage and multi-passage water exchange effects of harbor area construction.

The invention discloses a water age measurement method for a semi-closed water area. The method comprises the following steps that: firstly, establishing the hydrodynamic force mathematical model of awater area to be measured; through the hydrodynamic force mathematical model, calculating the water depth and flow velocity information of each water quality point of the water area to be measured; constructing a convective diffusion mathematical model, and setting the boundary condition of the convective diffusion mathematical model; according to the hydrodynamic force mathematical model, calculating to obtain the water level and flow velocity information of each position of the area to be measured and the boundary condition of the convective diffusion mathematical model; calculating the concentration values of a conservative substance p and a non-conservative substance r of each moment of each water quality point of the area to be measured through the convective diffusion mathematical model; according to the concentration values of a conservative substance p and a non-conservative substance r of each moment of each water quality point of the area to be measured, calculating the instantaneous water age of each corresponding moment of each water quality point of the area to be measured; and finally, according to the instantaneous water age of each corresponding moment of each water quality point of the area to be measured, calculating a time average water age in each time period of each water quality point of the water area to be measured. By use of the method, the water age of the semi-closed water area can be efficiently, conveniently and accurately calculated.